Introductory chemistry : an active learning approach

Cover
Dedication
Contents Overview
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning
	1.1 Introduction to Chemistry: Lavoisier and the Beginning of Experimental Chemistry
	1.2 Introduction to Chemistry: Science and the Scientific Method
	1.3 Introduction to Chemistry: The Science of Chemistry Today
	1.4 Introduction to Active Learning: Learning How to Learn Chemistry
	1.5 Introduction to Active Learning: Your Textbook
	1.6 A Choice
	Key Terms
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
	2.1 What Makes Up the Universe?
	2.2 Representations of Matter: Models and Symbols
	2.3 States of Matter
	2.4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
	2.5 Pure Substances and Mixtures
	2.6 Separation of Mixtures
	2.7 Elements and Compounds
	2.8 The Electrical Character of Matter
	2.9 Characteristics of a Chemical Change
	2.10 Conservation Laws and Chemical Change
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 3: Measurement and Chemical Calculations
	3.1 How Is Time Measured?
	3.2 Scientific Notation
	3.3 Conversion Factors
	3.4 A Strategy for Solving Quantitative Chemistry Problems
	3.5 Introduction to Measurement
	3.6 Metric Units
	3.7 Significant Figures
	3.8 Significant Figures in Calculations
	3.9 Metric-USCS Conversions
	3.10 Temperature
	3.11 Proportionality and Density
	3.12 Thoughtful and Reflective
 Practice
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 4: Introduction to Gases
	4.1 Are the Gas Giants... Gas Giants?
	4.2 Characteristics of Gases
	4.3 A Particulate-Level Explanation of the Characteristics of Gases
	4.4 Gas Pressure
	4.5 Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature
	4.6 Boyle's Law: Volume and Pressure
	4.7 The Combined Gas Law: Volume, Temperature, and Pressure
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 5: Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom
	5.1 Have the Elements Always Existed?
	5.2 Dalton's Atomic Theory
	5.3 The Electron
	5.4 The Nuclear Atom and Subatomic Particles
	5.5 Isotopes
	5.6 Atomic Mass
	5.7 The Periodic Table
	5.8 Elemental Symbols and the Periodic Table
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 6: Chemical Nomenclature
	6.1 Is It Soda or Pop or Coke?
	6.2 Review of Selected Concepts Related to Nomenclature
	6.3 Formulas of Elements
	6.4 Compounds Made from Two Nonmetals
	6.5 Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Group 1A/1 and 2A/2 Metals and the Nonmetals
	6.6 Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Additional Metals
	6.7 Formulas of Ionic Compounds
	6.8 Names of Ionic Compounds
	6.9 The Nomenclature of Oxoacids
	6.10 The Nomenclature of Oxoanions
	6.11 The Nomenclature of Acid Anions
	6.12 The Nomenclature of Hydrates
	6.13 Summary of the Nomenclature System
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Question
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 7: Chemical Formula Relationships
	7.1 How Do You Weigh Something Too Small to Weigh?
	7.2 The Number of Atoms in a Formula
	7.3 Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
	7.4 Stoichiometric Amount
	7.5 Molar Mass
	7.6 Conversion Among Mass, Amount in Moles, and Number of Units
	7.7 Mass Relationships Among Elements in a Compound: Percentage Composition by Mass
	7.8 Empirical Formula of a Compound
	7.9 Determination of a Molecular Formula
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions
	8.1 Do Chemical Reactions Occur Outside of Earth?
	8.2 Evidence of a Chemical Change
	8.3 Evolution of a Chemical Equation
	8.4 Balancing Chemical Equations
	8.5 Interpreting Chemical Equations
	8.6 Writing Chemical Equations
	8.7 Combination Reactions
	8.8 Decomposition Reactions
	8.9 Single-Replacement Reactions
	8.10 Double-Replacement Reactions
	8.11 Summary of Reactions and Equations
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Equation-Classification Exercise
	Equation-Balancing Exercise
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 9: Chemical Change
	9.1 Why Is Salt Solution Different from Sugar Solution?
	9.2 Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity
	9.3 Solutions of Ionic Compounds
	9.4 Strong and Weak Acids
	9.5 Net Ionic Equations: What They Are and How to Write Them
	9.6 Single-Replacement Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
	9.7 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Some Common Organic Compounds
	9.8 Double-Replacement Precipitation Reactions
	9.9 Double-Replacement Molecule-Formation Reactions
	9.10 Double-Replacement Reactions That Form Unstable Products
	9.11 Double-Replacement Reactions with Undissolved Reactants
	9.12 Other Double-Replacement Reactions
	9.13 Summary of Net Ionic Equations
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Electrolyte-Classification Exercise
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 10: Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions
	10.1 Okay, Houston, We've Had a Problem Here
	10.2 Conversion Factors from a Chemical Equation
	10.3 Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
	10.4 Percentage Yield
	10.5 Limiting Reactants: The Problem
	10.6 Limiting Reactants: Comparison-of-Moles Method
	10.7 Limiting Reactants: Smaller-Amount Method
	10.8 Energy
	10.9 Thermochemical Equations
	10.10 Thermochemical Stoichiometry
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Problem-Classification Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 11: Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom
	11.1 What Causes the Northern Lights?
	11.2 Electromagnetic Radiation
	11.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
	11.4 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
	11.5 Electron Configuration
	11.6 Valence Electrons
	11.7 Trends in the Periodic Table
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 12: Chemical Bonding
	12.1 How Did the Chemistry of the Universe Begin?
	12.2 Monatomic Ions with Noble Gas Electron Configurations
	12.3 Ionic Bonds
	12.4 Covalent Bonds
	12.5 Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
	12.6 Multiple Bonds
	12.7 Atoms That Are Bonded to Two or More Other Atoms
	12.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
	12.9 Metallic Bonds
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 13: Structure and Shape
	13.1 How Is Genetic Information Stored in Molecules?
	13.2 Drawing Lewis Diagrams
	13.3 Electron-Pair Repulsion: Electron-Pair Geometry
	13.4 Molecular Geometry
	13.5 The Geometry of Multiple Bonds
	13.6 Polarity of Molecules
	13.7 The Structures of Some Organic Compounds (Optional)
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Lewis Diagram Recognition Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 14: The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications
	14.1 How Are Tiny Gas Molecules Capable of Launching a Rocket?
	14.2 Gases Revisited
	14.3 Avogadro's Law
	14.4 The Ideal Gas Law
	14.5 The Ideal Gas Equation: Determination of a Single Variable
	14.6 Gas Density
	14.7 Molar Volume
	14.8 Gas Stoichiometry at Standard Temperature and Pressure
	14.9 Gas Stoichiometry: Molar Volume Method (Option 1)
	14.10 Gas Stoichiometry: Ideal Gas Equation Method (Option 2)
	14.11 Volume-Volume Gas Stoichiometry
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 15: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
	15.1 Does Liquid Water Exist Beyond Planet Earth?
	15.2 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
	15.3 Properties of Liquids
	15.4 Types of Intermolecular Forces
	15.5 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium
	15.6 The Boiling Process
	15.7 Water-An "Unusual" Compound
	15.8 The Solid State
	15.9 Types of Crystalline Solids
	15.10 Energy and Change of State
	15.11 Energy and Change of Temperature: Specific Heat
	15.12 Change in Temperature Plus Change of State
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 16: Solutions
	16.1 Are There Earth-Like Oceans on Other Planets?
	16.2 The Characteristics of a Solution
	16.3 Solution Terminology
	16.4 The Formation of a Solution
	16.5 Factors That Determine Solubility
	16.6 Solution Concentration: Percentage Concentration by Mass
	16.7 Solution Concentration: Molarity
	16.8 Solution Concentration: Molality (Optional)
	16.9 Solution Concentration: Normality (Optional)
	16.10 Solution Concentration: A Summary
	16.11 Dilution of Concentrated Solutions
	16.12 Solution Stoichiometry
	16.13 Titration Using Molarity
	16.14 Titration Using Normality (Optional)
	16.15 Colligative Properties of Solutions (Optional)
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 17: Acid-Base (Proton Transfer) Reactions
	17.1 Is the Existence of Acid Molecules Exclusive to Earth?
	17.2 The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
	17.3 The Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
	17.4 The Lewis Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
	17.5 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
	17.6 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
	17.7 Predicting Acid-Base Reactions
	17.8 Acid-Base Reactions and Redox Reactions Compared
	17.9 The Water Equilibrium
	17.10 pH and pOH (Integer Values Only)
	17.11 Non-Integer pH-[H+] and pOH-[OH-] Conversions (Optional)
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
	18.1 What Patterns Characterize Reversible Chemical Equilibrium Reactions?
	18.2 The Character of an Equilibrium
	18.3 The Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
	18.4 Energy Changes During a Molecular Collision
	18.5 Conditions That Affect the Rate of a Chemical Reaction
	18.6 The Development of a Chemical Equilibrium
	18.7 Le Chatelier's Principle
	18.8 The Equilibrium Constant
	18.9 The Significance of the Value of K
	18.10 Equilibrium Calculations: An Introduction (Optional)
	18.11 Equilibrium Calculations: Solubility Equilibria (Optional)
	18.12 Equilibrium Calculations: Ionization Equilibria (Optional)
	18.13 Equilibrium Calculations: Gaseous Equilibria (Optional)
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction (Electron Transfer) Reactions
	19.1 How do You Power a Vehicle on the Surface of the Moon?
	19.2 Electron Transfer Reactions
	19.3 Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells
	19.4 Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions
	19.5 Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
	19.6 Strengths of Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
	19.7 Predicting Redox Reactions
	19.8 Redox Reactions and Acid-Base Reactions Compared
	19.9 Writing Redox Equations (Optional)
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 20: Nuclear Chemistry
	20.1 How did Marie Curie Find Happiness in Difficult Working Conditions?
	20.2 The Dawn of Nuclear Chemistry
	20.3 Radioactivity
	20.4 The Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity
	20.5 The Effects of Radiation on Living Systems
	20.6 Half-Life
	20.7 Natural Radioactive Decay Series-Nuclear Equations
	20.8 Nuclear Reactions and Ordinary Chemical Reactions Compared
	20.9 Nuclear Bombardment and Induced Radioactivity
	20.10 Uses of Radioisotopes
	20.11 Nuclear Fission
	20.12 Electrical Energy from Nuclear Fission
	20.13 Nuclear Fusion
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 21: Organic Chemistry
	21.1 Are There Organic Molecules in Space?
	21.2 The Nature of Organic Chemistry
	21.3 The Molecular Structure of Compounds
	21.4 Saturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
	21.5 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkenes and Alkynes
	21.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
	21.7 Summary of the Categories of Hydrocarbons
	21.8 Sources and Preparation of Hydrocarbons
	21.9 Chemical Reactions of Hydrocarbons
	21.10 Uses of Hydrocarbons
	21.11 Alcohols and Ethers
	21.12 Aldehydes and Ketones
	21.13 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
	21.14 Amines and Amides
	21.15 Summary of the Organic Compounds of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
	21.16 Chain-Growth Polymers
	21.17 Step-Growth Polymers
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Chapter 22: Biochemistry
	22.1 Is There Life on Other Planets?
	22.2 Amino Acids and Proteins
	22.3 Enzymes
	22.4 Carbohydrates
	22.5 Lipids
	22.6 Nucleic Acids
	Key Terms
	Frequently Asked Questions
	Concept-Linking Exercises
	Small-Group Discussion Questions
	Questions, Exercises, and Problems
Appendix I: Chemical Calculations
Appendix II: The SI System Of Units
Glossary
Index