Introduction to Sustainability for Engineers

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Contributors
1. Sustainable Development and Role of Engineers
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Why and What Is Sustainable Development?
	1.3 The SDGs, Paris Agreement, and Role of Engineering
	1.4 Sustainable Development and the Engineering Profession
	1.5 Key Attributes of the Graduate Engineer
	1.6 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
2. Sustainable Engineering: Concepts, Principles,
and Frameworks
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Key Concepts for Sustainable Engineering
		2.2.1 Factor 4 and Factor 10: the Goals of
Sustainability
		2.2.2 Systems Thinking
		2.2.3 Life Cycle Thinking
		2.2.4 The Circular Economy
		2.2.5 Industrial Ecology
		2.2.6 Green Economy and Low-Carbon Economy
		2.2.7 The Natural Step
		2.2.8 Resources Efficiency and Decoupling
		2.2.9 Eco-efficiency
		2.2.10 Triple Bottom Line
	2.3 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Engineering
	2.4 Frameworks for Sustainable Engineering
	2.5 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
3. Tools for Sustainability Assessment
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Procedural Tools
		3.2.1 Environmental Management System
		3.2.2 Environmental Auditing
		3.2.3 Cleaner Production Assessment
		3.2.4 Environmental Impact Assessment
		3.2.5 Strategic Environmental Assessment
		3.2.6 Life Cycle Management
		3.2.7 Design for Sustainability
		3.2.8 Sustainable Procurement
		3.2.9 Stakeholder Engagement
		3.2.10 CSR and Sustainability Reporting
		3.2.11 Eco-Labeling and Environment Product Declaration
		3.2.12 Buildings and Infrastructure Rating Systems
		3.2.13 Backcasting
	3.3 Analytical Tools
		3.3.1 Based on Physical Metrics
			3.3.1.1 Life Cycle Assessment
			3.3.1.2 Carbon, Water, and Product
Environmental Footprints
			3.3.1.3 Material Flow Accounting
			3.3.1.4 Environmental Risk Assessment
			3.3.1.5 Green Infrastructure Valuation
		3.3.2 Based on Nonphysical Metrics
			3.3.2.1 Stakeholder Analysis
			3.3.2.2 Cost Benefit Analysis
			3.3.2.3 Environmental Life Cycle Costing (E-LCC)
			3.3.2.4 Social Life Cycle Assessment
			3.3.2.5 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
			3.3.2.6 Multi-criteria Analysis
			3.3.2.7 System Dynamics
	3.4 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
4. Fundamentals of Life Cycle Assessment
	4.1 Introduction – Why and What Is LCA?
	4.2 The LCA Methodology
		4.2.1 The LCA Goal and Scope Definition
		4.2.2 Life Cycle Inventory
		4.2.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment
		4.2.4 Interpretation and Presentation of Results
		4.2.5 The Iterative Nature of LCA
		4.2.6 Methodological Choices
		4.2.7 LCI Databases and LCA Softwares
		4.2.8 Strengths and Limitations of LCA
	4.3 Environmental Life Cycle Costing, Social Life Cycle
Assessment, and Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
		4.3.1 Introduction
		4.3.2 Environmental Life Cycle Costing
		4.3.3 Social Life Cycle Assessment
		4.3.4 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
	4.4 LCA Applications in Engineering
		4.4.1 Environmental Product Declarations and Product
Category Rules
		4.4.2 Carbon and Water Footprinting
			4.4.2.1 Carbon Footprinting
			4.4.2.2 Water Footprinting
		4.4.3 Energy Systems
		4.4.4 Buildings and the Built Environment
		4.4.5 Drinking Water Supply and Wastewater
Treatment
		4.4.6 Solid Waste Management
		4.4.7 Chemicals and Chemical Production
		4.4.8 Automotive Industry
		4.4.9 Food and Agriculture
		4.4.10 Electronics and Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT)
	4.5 Summary.
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended reading and websites
5. Introduction to Environmental Economics
	5.1 Introduction – What Is Environmental Economics?
	5.2 Valuing the Environment
	5.3 Market-based Incentives (or Economic Instruments) for
Sustainability
	5.4 Command-and-Control versus Economic Instruments
	5.5 A Simple Model of Pollution Control
	5.6 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
6. Integrating Sustainability in Engineering Design
	6.1 Problem Solving in Engineering
	6.2 The Conventional Engineering Design Process
	6.3 From Conventional to Sustainable Engineering Design
Process
	6.4 Design for Life Guidelines and Strategies
	6.5 Measuring Sustainability
	6.6 Sustainable Design through Sustainable Procurement
Criteria
	6.7 Case Studies on Sustainable Engineering Design Process
		6.7.1 Sustainable Process Design – Case Study
(Source: Azapagic et al., 2006)
		6.7.2 Sustainable Building Design – A Case Study
(Reprinted with Permission from Santos and
Costa, 2016)
		6.7.3 Sustainable Product Design in Mechanical
Engineering – A Case Study
		6.7.4 Sustainable Product Design in Electronic
Engineering (Reprinted with Permission from
Andrae et al., 2016)
		6.7.5 Sustainable Product Design in Electrical
Engineering – A Case Study (Reprinted with
Permission from Gurauskienė and Visvaldas,
2006)
	6.8 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
7. Sustainable Buildings and Sustainable Infrastructure
Rating Systems
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Sustainable Buildings Rating Systems
	7.3 Sustainable Infrastructure Rating Systems
	7.4 Role of the Engineer in Rating Systems
	7.5 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
8. Policies and Instruments for Implementing Sustainable
Development from a Life Cycle Perspective
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Policies and Instruments for Sustainable Development
	8.3 A Policy Framework for Translating Sustainable
Development into Action
	8.4 Policies and Instruments across the Life Cycle and in
Key Consumption Clusters
	8.5 Multilateral Environmental Agreements
	8.6 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
9. Business and Sustainability
	9.1 The Business Case for Sustainability
	9.2 The Business Sustainability Journey
	9.3 Sustainability by Departmental Functions
	9.4 Putting Sustainability into Business Practice
	9.5 Summary
	Sustainable Development in Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
10. The Contribution of Engineers to Sustainability
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Innovation for Sustainability
	10.3 Role of Engineers across Stages of Project Delivery
	10.4 The Sustainability Competent Engineer
	10.5 Summary
	Sustainable Engineering in Focus
	References
	Exercises
	Recommended Reading and Websites
Appendix A: State of the World Environment: Key Messages
of GEO-6
Appendix B: International Energy Agency: World Energy
Outlook 2018. Executive Summary
Appendix C: Energy and Climate Change
Appendix D: Key Environmental Impact Categories
Appendix E: Key Standards That Support Sustainable Development
Index