Introduction to Space Science (Springer Aerospace Technology)

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Reasons to Conduct Research in Space
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 To Explore the Unknown Space Environment
	1.3 To Break Free the Barrier of Atmosphere to Electromagnetic Wave
	1.4 To Utilize the Orbital Altitude Resources
	1.5 To Unveil the Mystery of the Earth's Gravitational Field
	1.6 To Make Full Use of Other Aspects of Space Environments
	1.7 Definition of Space Science
	References
2 History of Human Space Exploration
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 History of Space Exploration
	2.3 The Technology Advancement of Ground-Based Observations Since Galileo
	2.4 A Brief History of Human's Access to Space
	2.5 The Recent Technology Progress of Space Exploration
		2.5.1 Rocketry
		2.5.2 Satellite and Spacecraft
		2.5.3 Tracking Telemetry and Control (TT&C) and Communication
		2.5.4 Launch and Recovery
	References
3 Major Frontier Issues in Space Science (I)
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Origin of the Universe and Its Evolution
		3.2.1 Time Dimension
		3.2.2 Spatial Dimension
		3.2.3 Questions of Great Significance
	3.3 The Impact of Solar Activities on Human Being
		3.3.1 Solar Activity
		3.3.2 Interplanetary Space Weather
		3.3.3 The Magnetosphere of the Earth
		3.3.4 The Earth's Ionosphere
		3.3.5 The Middle and Upper Atmosphere
		3.3.6 Questions of Great Significance
	References
4 Major Frontiers in Space Science (II)
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The Earth System and Its Future Changes
		4.2.1 The Spheres and Cycles of the Earth
		4.2.2 Questions of Great Significance
	4.3 Microgravity Science and Space Life Sciences
		4.3.1 How to Simulate Microgravity Environment
		4.3.2 What Changes Under Microgravity?
		4.3.3 Biological Radiation Effect
		4.3.4 Fundamental Physics Experiment
		4.3.5 Questions of Great Significance
	References
5 Space Systems Engineering and Its Systems
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Space Systems Engineering
		5.2.1 Complexity
		5.2.2 High Risk
		5.2.3 High Cost
		5.2.4 Sensitiveness to Political and Social Benefits
	5.3 System Components of Space Systems Engineering
		5.3.1 Satellite/Spacecraft System
		5.3.2 The Launch Vehicle System
		5.3.3 The Launch Site System
		5.3.4 TT&C System
		5.3.5 Ground Application System
	Reference
6 Technical Fundamentals (I): Orbit, Attitude, and TT&C
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Basic Concepts About Time and Position
		6.2.1 About Position
		6.2.2 About Time
	6.3 Fundamentals of Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics
		6.3.1 Johannes Kepler's Three Major laws of Planetary Motion
		6.3.2 Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics
		6.3.3 Examples of Commonly Used Orbits
		6.3.4 Orbit Maneuver and Limited Thrust
	6.4 Fundamentals of Satellite Altitude Dynamics
		6.4.1 Commonly Used Altitude Stabilization Methods
		6.4.2 Satellite Attitudes Description
		6.4.3 Satellite Attitude Control
	6.5 Tracking, Telemetry, and Control (TT&C)
		6.5.1 The Responsibilities of the TT&C System
		6.5.2 Technical System of TT&C System
		6.5.3 Chinese TT&C Network
		6.5.4 Satellite Tracking and Methods of Orbit Measurement and Determination
	References
7 Technical Fundamentals (II): Scientific Payloads and Its Application Environment
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Space Science and Science Payloads
		7.2.1 Electrostatic Field, Magnetostatic Field, and Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Detectors
		7.2.2 Low-Frequency Radio Sensor
		7.2.3 Microwave Remote Sensor
		7.2.4 Millimeter-Wave and Submillimeter-Wave Remote Sensor
		7.2.5 Terahertz Remote Sensor
		7.2.6 Infrared Remote Sensors
		7.2.7 Visible Light Remote Sensor
		7.2.8 Ultraviolet Remote Sensor
		7.2.9 X-ray Remote Sensor
	7.3 Satellite’s Environmental Requirements for the Science Payloads
		7.3.1 Mechanical Environment Requirements
		7.3.2 Thermal Environment Requirements
		7.3.3 Power Usage Requirements
		7.3.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Environment Requirements
		7.3.5 Control and Information Usage Requirements
		7.3.6 Radiation Environment Requirements
	References
8 Technical Fundamentals (III): Mission Planning and Operations
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Application System of Space Science Mission
		8.2.1 Six Systems of the Space Science Mission
		8.2.2 Science Application System
		8.2.3 The Ground Support System
		8.2.4 System Development Procedure
	8.3 Planning of Space Science Missions
		8.3.1 Analysis of the Requirements for Detection and Experiment
		8.3.2 The Spacecraft Conditions and Resource Constraints
		8.3.3 Compiling and Execution of Mission Plans
	8.4 Science Data Reception
		8.4.1 Ground Station for Science Data Reception
		8.4.2 Spacecraft Pass Time and Downlink Rate
		8.4.3 Scientific Data Pre-handling/processing
	8.5 Science Data Classification and Distribution
		8.5.1 Science Data Classification
		8.5.2 Science Data Distribution
		8.5.3 Data Policy
		8.5.4 Science Data Archiving
	References
9 Management (I): Call for Mission Proposals and Its Selection
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Identification of Science Questions
		9.2.1 Strategic Planning
		9.2.2 Space Science Planning in the USA
		9.2.3 Space Science Planning in Europe
		9.2.4 Space Science Planning in China
	9.3 Study of Scientific Objectives
		9.3.1 How to Propose Scientific Objectives
		9.3.2 The Realizability of Scientific Objectives
		9.3.3 The Impact
		9.3.4 The Involvement
	9.4 Selection of Payloads
	9.5 Mission Profile
	9.6 Payloads’ Requirement for the Spacecraft
	9.7 Selection of Mission Proposals
	References
10 Management (II): Mission Development and the Duty of Scientists and Engineers
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Research Phase
		10.2.1 Mission Concept Study
		10.2.2 Advanced Research of Space Science Missions and Payloads
		10.2.3 Intensive Study of Future Space Science Missions
	10.3 Reviews Necessary for the Approval
		10.3.1 Review of Scientific Objectives and Payload Complement
		10.3.2 Review of Payloads’ Requirement for Spacecraft
		10.3.3 Systems Compatibility Study
		10.3.4 Review of the Budget
	10.4 Engineering Development Phase
		10.4.1 Preliminary Design Phase
		10.4.2 Engineering Qualification Phase
		10.4.3 Flight Model Production Phase
		10.4.4 Tests and Launch
		10.4.5 In-Orbit Tests and Commissioning
	References
11 Management (III): Quality Management and Risk Control
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Quality Management
		11.2.1 Quality Manual and Procedure Documentation
		11.2.2 Documentation Control
		11.2.3 Closed-Loop Solution of Quality Problems
		11.2.4 Technical Status Control
	11.3 Risk Control
		11.3.1 Risks Identification and Prediction
		11.3.2 Risk Control and Management
12 Management (IV): Full Mission Lifecycle Management and Output Evaluation
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Relationship of the Stakeholders of Space Science Missions
	12.3 Output Evaluation
	References
13 International Cooperation
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Necessity for International Cooperation
	13.3 Main Forms of International Cooperation
	13.4 Challenges
	References
14 Strategic Planning of Space Science in China
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Scientific Questions
		14.2.1 How Did the Universe and Life Originate, and How Do They Evolve?
		14.2.2 What’s the Relationship Between the Solar System and Human Beings?
	14.3 Mission Proposals
		14.3.1 Black Hole Probe (BHP) Program
		14.3.2 Diagnostics of Astro-Oscillations (DAO) Program
		14.3.3 Portraits of Astrophysical Objects (PAO) Program
		14.3.4 Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Objects (SAO) Program
		14.3.5 ExoPlanet Exploration (EPE) Program
		14.3.6 Solar Microscope Program
		14.3.7 Solar Panorama Program
		14.3.8 Space Weather Chain Program
		14.3.9 Micro-Sats Program
	14.4 Technologies
		14.4.1 Ultra-High-Resolution Imaging Technology
		14.4.2 Ultra-High-Precision Time Reference Technology
		14.4.3 Distributed Satellite Constellation Technology
	References
15 Relations of Space Science, Space Technology, and Space Applications
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Definition of Space Technology
	15.3 Definition of Space Science
	15.4 Definition of Space Applications
	15.5 Relations of Space Science, Space Technology, and Space Applications
	References