Introduction to Safety Science: People, Organisations, and Systems

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author biography
Chapter 1 Introduction to Safety
	The Toll of Toil
	Workplace Safety Legislation Around the World
	Relative Burdens of Workplace Injury and Illness
	Does ‘Regulated Self-Regulation’ Work?
	Transportation Safety
	The ‘Safety Journey’
	Notes
Section 1 Individuals
	Chapter 2 Risk
		Perceiving Risk
		Risk Tolerance
		Risk-Taking and Accidents
		Adapting to Risk
		Quantifying Risk
		Managing Risk
		Safety Management Systems
		Conclusions
		Notes
	Chapter 3 Human Error
		The Varieties of Human Error
		Coming Together: Academic Consensus on Human Error
		Freudian Slips
		Remembering to Remember
		Error and Skill in Context
		Error as an Industrial Safety Problem
		The ‘Swiss Cheese’ Metaphor
		Human Error Analysis in Practice
		Summary and Conclusions
		Notes
	Chapter 4 Safety by Design
		Designing for Flight Safety
		Controls and Displays
		Design for Action
		Designing Tasks for Human Abilities
		Attention and Performance
		Decisions, Decisions
		Light, Heat and Reach
		Summary and Conclusions
		Notes
Section 2 Organisations
	Chapter 5 Normal Accidents
		People in Context: Societies and Organisations
		Normal Accident Theory
		Error-Inducing Systems
		The Management Paradox
		The Dynamics of Normal Accidents
		Assessing Normal Accident Theory
		Notes
	Chapter 6 High-Reliability Organisations
		Aviation and the Mid-Air Collision
		The Berkeley Project
		Defining a High-Reliability Organisation
		Performance Under Trying Conditions: The Importance of ‘Collective Mindfulness’
		Can We Rely on Healthcare?
		The Contribution of HRO Theory
		Notes
	Chapter 7 Normalisation of Deviance
		Social Influence
		The Launch Decision
		Normalisation of Deviance
		Safety Oversight at NASA
		Nothing Fails Like Success
		Applications of the ‘Normalisation of Deviance’ Concept
		Drifting into Failure
		Notes
Section 3 Systems
	Chapter 8 Cognitive Engineering: Constraints and Boundaries
		Constraints
		The Decision Ladder
		The Abstraction Hierarchy
		Ecological Interface Design
		The Boundaries of Safe Work
		Mad Cows and Englishmen
		‘Workarounds’ in Healthcare
		Summary and Conclusions
		Notes
	Chapter 9 The Cybernetics of Safety: Information and Control
		Feedback and Control
		Information: The Difference that Makes a Difference
		The STAMP Model of System Safety
		Management Cybernetics: The Viable System Model
		Conclusions
		Notes
	Chapter 10 Resilience, Adaptability and System Safety
		Resilience Engineering
		Resilient Healthcare
		‘Safety II’
		Resilience in Action
		Safety Management: The New Agenda
		Safety as a System Science
		‘Safety II’ in Practice
		Critique of ‘Safety II’
		Conclusions
		Notes
	Chapter 11 Making Sense of Failure: Beyond Accident Investigation (with Karl Bridges)
		Accident Investigation
		The ‘Herald of Free Enterprise’ Ferry Disaster
		Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
		AcciMap
		Functional Resonance Analysis Method
		Systems Theoretic Accident Modelling and Processes Approach
		Comparisons between the Accident Analysis Models
		Systems Thinking in Accident Analysis
		Conclusions
		Notes
Index