Introduction to research and medical literature for health professionals

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Dedication
Preface
Contributors
Reviewers
Section 1 Getting Started
	Chapter 1 Introduction
		Introduction
		Research and Students in Healthcare Professions
		Research Equals Curiosity
		Research and the Students of Healthcare Professions
		Research and Healthcare Professionals
		Research Takes Many Forms
		Developing a Research Project
	Chapter 2 Regulatory Protection of Human Subjects in Research
		Introduction
		Historical Context
		How Is Research Approved?
		When Is IRB Approval Required?
		What Are the Investigator’s Responsibilities?
	Chapter 3 The Research Problem
		Introduction
		The Process
		What Constitutes a Research Problem?
		Getting Started
		How to Identify a Research Problem
		Narrowing the Focus of the Question
		Sources of Ideas for Research Problems
	Chapter 4 Review of the Literature
		Introduction
		ASK: The Details
		ACQUIRE: The Details
		Specific Databases
		Writing the Literature Review
	Chapter 5 The Systematic Review
		The Systematic Review
		Steps of the Review
Section 2 The Research Process: Design
	Chapter 6 Methodology
		Introduction
		The Methods Section
		Understanding Research Design
		Threats to Internal Validity
		Threats to External Validity
		Types of Studies
		Pre-Experimental Designs
		Experimental Designs
		Quasi-Experimental Designs
	Chapter 7 Survey Research
		What Surveys Can and Cannot Do
		Types of Surveys
		Planning Is Key
		Response Rates
		Survey Introduction
		Follow-Up
		Types of Surveys
		Survey Item Construction
		Demographic Data
		The Survey Instrument
		Putting the Survey Together
		Pilot Testing the Survey
		How Many Subjects?
		Confidence Level and Interval
		What Statistics to Use?
	Chapter 8 Qualitative Research
		Introduction
		Philosophical Perspective
		Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research in the Healthcare Field
		Applying Qualitative Research in Health Care
		Assessing the Quality of a Qualitative Study: Ensuring Trustworthiness
	Chapter 9 Community-Based Participatory Research
		Introduction
		Four Study Designs
		Initiating CBPR
		A Case Study
	Chapter 10 Clinical Investigations
		Introduction
		The Clinical Research Process
		Phases of Clinical Research
Section 3 The Research Process: Analysis
	Chapter 11 Data Analysis
		Introduction
		Levels of Measurement
		Descriptive Statistics
		Distributions, Normality, and Variance Equality
		Inferential Statistics
		Hypothesis Testing: Nominal Data
		Analysis of Continuous Data: Measures of Association
		Analysis of Interval/Ratio Data: Comparisons of Groups
		Meta-Analysis
		Choosing a Statistical Test
		Statistical Tests
	Chapter 12 Exploring Statistics Comparing Differences in Health Care
		Introduction
		Comparing Groups
		t-Test (Student t-Test)
		Paired t-test (Matched t-test)
		One-Way ANOVA
		Factorial ANOVA
		Repeated Measures ANOVA
		Hotelling’s T2
		MANOVA
	Chapter 13 The Results Section
		Introduction
		The Results Section Text
		Tables and Figures
	Chapter 14 The Discussion Section
		Introduction
		The Implications Subsection
		The Limitations Subsection
		The Discussion Subsection
		The Recommendations Subsection
		The Conclusions Subsection
Section 4 The Research Process: Writing and Interpretation
	Chapter 15 References
		Becoming Part of the Scholarly Conversation
		General Concepts About Joining the Scholarly Conversation
		Documenting Sources Used in the Research and Synthesis Process
		Citation Styles, with a Focus on AMA and APA
		Cite Everything
		Bibliographic Citation Management Tools: “Where the Magic Happens”
		Copyright, Fair Use, and Avoiding Unintentional Plagiarism
	Chapter 16 Writing and Publishing in the Health Professions
		Introduction
		Style Manuals
		Writing
		Research Papers
		Approaches to Publication
		Best Choices for New Writers
		Elements of the Research Paper
		Oral Presentations
		Graduate Projects/Papers in the Healthcare Professions
		Basic Steps in Publication
		Some Challenges for Health Professions Publications
		Manuscript Flaws That Prevent Publication
		On Writing and Publishing
		Acknowledgments
	Chapter 17 Interpreting the Literature
		Introduction
		Interpreting the Literature
		Significant Questions to Ask When Evaluating the Literature
		Evidence-Based Medicine: A New Way of Looking at the Medical Literature
		A General Approach to Reading the Literature
Appendix
Glossary
Index