Introduction to quantitative genetics

Introduction to Quantitative Genetics
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Contents
......Page 5
Preface to the third edition
......Page 11
Preface to the fourth edition
......Page 12
Acknowledgements
......Page 13
Introduction
......Page 15
Chief sources
......Page 17
Frequencies of genes and genotypes
......Page 19
Mendelian variation in natural populations
......Page 21
Causes of change
......Page 22
Applications of the Hardy-Weinberg law
......Page 23
^/_	)	_ 2q	...[1.3]
......Page 24
Mating frequencies and another proof of the Hardy-Weinberg law
......Page 25
Sex-linked genes
......Page 27
Assortative mating
......Page 33
Problems
......Page 34
= m{qm - <70) + q0	... [2.1]
......Page 37
Recurrent mutation
......Page 38
Selection
......Page 39
Change of gene frequency under selection
......Page 41
Effectiveness of selection
......Page 43
Example 2.1 continued
......Page 45
Number of generations required
......Page 46
Balance between mutation and selection
......Page 48
Changes of equilibrium
......Page 51
Selection favouring heterozygotes
......Page 52
Polymorphism
......Page 56
Problems
......Page 59
3	Small Populations:
......Page 62
The idealized population
......Page 63
Variance of gene frequency
......Page 65
^Fixation
......Page 68
Inbreeding
......Page 71
Inbreeding in the idealized population
......Page 72
Genotype frequencies
......Page 75
Problems
......Page 77
Effective population size
......Page 79
Different numbers of males and females
......Page 80
Non-random distribution of family size
......Page 81
Overlapping generations
......Page 83
Non-recurrent neutral mutation
......Page 86
Recurrent mutation and migration
......Page 87
Selection
......Page 89
Random drift in natural populations
......Page 90
Neutral theory
......Page 92
a-«)2
......Page 93
Problems
......Page 95
The inbreeding coefficient of an individual
......Page 96
Coancestry or kinship
......Page 99
/PC - 2 (fAC + /bc)
......Page 100
Close inbreeding
......Page 102
Repeated backcrosses
......Page 105
Crosses and subsequent generations
......Page 106
Mixed inbreeding and crossing
......Page 107
Change of base: structured population
......Page 108
Selection favouring heterozygotes
......Page 110
Problems
......Page 112
6	Continuous Variation
......Page 114
Metric characters
......Page 116
Properties of metric characters
......Page 118
Problems
......Page 120
7	Values and Means
......Page 122
Population mean
......Page 123
Average effect
......Page 126
Breeding value
......Page 128
Interaction deviation
......Page 133
Problems
......Page 134
Components as proportions of the total
......Page 136
Estimation of the degree of genetic determination, VqA/p
......Page 137
Additive and dominance variance
......Page 139
Total genetic variance
......Page 140
Interaction variance
......Page 143
Variance due to disequilibrium
......Page 144
Correlation and interaction between genotype and environment
......Page 145
Interaction
......Page 146
Environmental variance
......Page 148
Multiple measurements: repeatability
......Page 150
Problems
......Page 157
9	Resemblance between Relatives
......Page 159
Genetic covariance
......Page 160
Offspring and one parent
......Page 161
Offspring and mid-parent
......Page 162
.. [9.4]
......Page 164
Full sibs
......Page 165
General
......Page 166
Epistatic interaction
......Page 168
Environmental covariance
......Page 169
Phenotypic resemblance
......Page 171
Problems
......Page 172
10	Heritability
......Page 174
Estimation of heritability
......Page 177
Offspring-parent regression
......Page 178
Sib analysis
......Page 180
Twins and human data
......Page 185
Assortative mating
......Page 188
Precision of estimates and design of experiments
......Page 191
*[l + (n-l)r]
......Page 192
Sib analyses
......Page 194
Problems
......Page 195
11	Selection:
......Page 198
Response to selection
......Page 199
Prediction of response
......Page 201
Selection differential and intensity of selection
......Page 202
Improvement of response
......Page 205
Variability of generation means
......Page 208
Weighting the selection differential
......Page 210
Realized heritability
......Page 211
Change of gene frequency under artificial selection
......Page 213
Effects of selection on variance
......Page 215
Problems
......Page 218
Bepeatability of response
......Page 222
Sampling variance
......Page 224
Asymmetry of response
......Page 225
Selection limits
......Page 229
Mutation
......Page 236
Causes of selection limits
......Page 237
Number of loci (effective factors) and standardized effects
......Page 239
Problem
......Page 240
13	Selection:
......Page 242
Criteria for selection
......Page 243
Simple methods
......Page 244
H3.31
......Page 246
Combined selection
......Page 249
Construction of an index
......Page 254
Accuracy
......Page 257
Response to selection
......Page 258
Problems
......Page 259
Inbreeding depression
......Page 261
^The effect of selection
......Page 266
Heterosis
......Page 267
Single crosses
......Page 268
Problems
......Page 275
15	Inbreeding and Crossbreeding
......Page 277
Redistribution of genetic variance
......Page 278
Environmental variance
......Page 281
Mutation
......Page 283
Subline divergence
......Page 285
Variance between crosses
......Page 286
Combining ability
......Page 288
Problems
......Page 293
16	Inbreeding and Crossbreeding
......Page 295
Selection for combining ability
......Page 297
Three-way and four-way crosses; backcrosses
......Page 298
Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRSj,
......Page 300
Overdominance
......Page 301
Problems
......Page 302
17	Scale
......Page 304
Distribution and variance
......Page 305
Interactions
......Page 308
Conclusions
......Page 310
Problems
......Page 311
Liability and threshold
......Page 313
Two classes, one threshold
......Page 314
Adequacy of the liability model
......Page 317
Scale relationships
......Page 318
[Three classes, two thresholds
......Page 319
Selection for threshold characters
......Page 322
Problems
......Page 324
Genetic and environmental correlations
......Page 326
Estimation of the genetic correlation
......Page 329
Correlated response to selection
......Page 331
Indirect selection
......Page 333
Genotype-environment interaction
......Page 335
Index selection
......Page 339
Construction of the index
......Page 340
Response
......Page 342
Problems
......Page 346
Fitness and its components
......Page 349
Relationships between metric characters and fitness
......Page 351
‘Fitness profiles\'
......Page 352
= VP(W)	... [20.1 ]
......Page 353
Correlated responses
......Page 354
Strength of selection
......Page 355
Equilibrium populations
......Page 356
Major components
......Page 357
Characters with intermediate optima
......Page 358
Characters with minimum fitness of intermediates
......Page 361
Origin of variation by mutation
......Page 362
Mutational variance
......Page 363
Mutation-selection balance
......Page 365
Problems
......Page 368
Major genes
......Page 370
Methods of detection
......Page 371
Marker loci
......Page 373
QTL genotypes
......Page 374
Single marker analysis
......Page 375
Interval mapping analysis
......Page 378
Experimental design
......Page 380
Maximum likelihood estimation
......Page 382
Multiple QTLs
......Page 383
Number of loci
......Page 384
Gene effects
......Page 385
onsistency
......Page 388
From QTL to gene
......Page 389
Problem
......Page 391
Appendix Tables
......Page 393
Glossary of Symbols
......Page 395
Equivalence of symbols used by Mather and Jinks as defined in Mather and Jinks (1977v p. 219)
......Page 397
Solutions of Problems
......Page 399
2 = 2[1+(2X0.3)]=00
......Page 448
References
......Page 451
Index
......Page 473
LONGMAN
......Page 479