Introduction to Programming with C++

Cover......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 19
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and C++......Page 26
 1.1 Introduction......Page 27
 1.2 What Is a Computer?......Page 28
 1.3 Programming Languages......Page 34
 1.4 Operating Systems......Page 37
 1.5 History of C++......Page 38
 1.6 A Simple C++ Program......Page 39
 1.7 C++ Program-Development Cycle......Page 43
 1.8 Programming Style and Documentation......Page 45
 1.9 Programming Errors......Page 46
Chapter 2 elementary Programming......Page 54
 2.2 Writing a Simple Program......Page 55
 2.3 Reading Input from the Keyboard......Page 57
 2.5 Variables......Page 60
 2.6 Assignment Statements and Assignment Expressions......Page 62
 2.7 Named Constants......Page 64
 2.8 Numeric Data Types and Operations......Page 65
 2.9 Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence......Page 70
 2.10 Case Study: Displaying the Current Time......Page 72
 2.11 Augmented Assignment Operators......Page 74
 2.12 Increment and Decrement Operators......Page 75
 2.13 Numeric Type Conversions......Page 77
 2.14 Software Development Process......Page 80
 2.15 Case Study: Counting Monetary Units......Page 84
 2.16 Common Errors......Page 86
Chapter 3 Selections......Page 96
 3.2 The bool Data Type......Page 97
 3.3 if Statements......Page 98
 3.4 Two-Way if-else Statements......Page 101
 3.5 Nested if and Multi-Way if-else Statements......Page 102
 3.6 Common Errors and Pitfalls......Page 104
 3.7 Case Study: Computing Body Mass Index......Page 109
 3.8 Case Study: Computing Taxes......Page 111
 3.9 Generating Random Numbers......Page 114
 3.10 Logical Operators......Page 116
 3.11 Case Study: Determining Leap Year......Page 119
 3.12 Case Study: Lottery......Page 120
 3.13 Switch Statements......Page 122
 3.14 Conditional Expressions......Page 126
 3.15 Operator Precedence and Associativity......Page 127
 3.16 Debugging......Page 129
Chapter 4 Mathematical Functions, Characters, and Strings......Page 142
 4.2 Mathematical Functions......Page 143
 4.3 Character Data Type and Operations......Page 147
 4.4 Case Study: Generating Random Characters......Page 151
 4.5 Case Study: Guessing Birthdays......Page 153
 4.6 Character Functions......Page 156
 4.7 Case Study: Converting a Hexadecimal Digit to a Decimal Value......Page 158
 4.8 The string Type......Page 159
 4.9 Case Study: Revising the Lottery Program Using Strings......Page 163
 4.10 Formatting Console Output......Page 165
 4.11 Simple File Input and Output......Page 169
Chapter 5 Loops......Page 180
 5.2 The while Loop......Page 181
 5.3 The do-while Loop......Page 193
 5.4 The for Loop......Page 196
 5.5 Which Loop to Use?......Page 199
 5.6 Nested Loops......Page 201
 5.7 Minimizing Numeric Errors......Page 203
 5.8 Case Studies......Page 204
 5.9 Keywords break and continue......Page 210
 5.10 Case Study: Checking Palindromes......Page 213
 5.11 Case Study: Displaying Prime Numbers......Page 215
Chapter 6 Functions......Page 232
 6.1 Introduction......Page 233
 6.2 Defining a Function......Page 234
 6.3 Calling a Function......Page 235
 6.4 void Functions......Page 237
 6.5 Passing Arguments by Value......Page 240
 6.6 Modularizing Code......Page 241
 6.7 Overloading Functions......Page 243
 6.8 Function Prototypes......Page 246
 6.9 Default Arguments......Page 248
 6.10 Inline Functions......Page 249
 6.11 Local, Global, and Static Local Variables......Page 250
 6.12 Passing Arguments by Reference......Page 255
 6.14 Case Study: Converting Hexadecimals to Decimals......Page 264
 6.15 Function Abstraction and Stepwise Refinement......Page 267
Chapter 7 Single-Dimensional Arrays and C-Strings......Page 290
 7.1 Introduction......Page 291
 7.2 Array Basics......Page 292
 7.3 Problem: Lotto Numbers......Page 298
 7.4 Problem: Deck of Cards......Page 301
 7.5 Passing Arrays to Functions......Page 303
 7.6 Preventing Changes of Array Arguments in Functions......Page 305
 7.7 Returning Arrays from Functions......Page 306
 7.8 Problem: Counting the Occurrences of Each Letter......Page 309
 7.9 Searching Arrays......Page 311
 7.10 Sorting Arrays......Page 315
 7.11 C-Strings......Page 317
Chapter 8 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 334
 8.2 Declaring Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 335
 8.3 Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 337
 8.4 Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays to Functions......Page 339
 8.5 Problem: Grading a Multiple-Choice Test......Page 340
 8.6 Problem: Finding a Closest Pair......Page 342
 8.7 Problem: Sudoku......Page 344
 8.8 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 347
Chapter 9 Objects and Classes......Page 366
 9.2 Defining Classes for Objects......Page 367
 9.3 Example: Defining Classes and Creating Objects......Page 369
 9.4 Constructors......Page 372
 9.5 Constructing and Using Objects......Page 373
 9.6 Separating Class Definition from Implementation......Page 376
 9.7 Preventing Multiple Inclusions......Page 379
 9.8 Inline Functions in Classes......Page 380
 9.9 Data Field Encapsulation......Page 381
 9.10 The Scope of Variables......Page 384
 9.11 Class Abstraction and Encapsulation......Page 386
Chapter 10 Object-Oriented Thinking......Page 396
 10.2 The string Class......Page 397
 10.3 Passing Objects to Functions......Page 406
 10.4 Array of Objects......Page 409
 10.5 Instance and Static Members......Page 411
 10.6 Constant Member Functions......Page 415
 10.7 Thinking in Objects......Page 417
 10.8 Object Composition......Page 423
 10.9 Case Study: The StackOfIntegers Class......Page 425
 10.10 Class Design Guidelines......Page 427
Chapter 11 Pointers and Dynamic Memory Management......Page 436
 11.2 Pointer Basics......Page 437
 11.3 Defining Synonymous Types Using the typedef Keyword......Page 442
 11.4 Using const with Pointers......Page 443
 11.5 Arrays and Pointers......Page 444
 11.6 Passing Pointer Arguments in a Function Call......Page 447
 11.7 Returning a Pointer from Functions......Page 451
 11.8 Useful Array Functions......Page 452
 11.9 Dynamic Persistent Memory Allocation......Page 454
 11.10 Creating and Accessing Dynamic Objects......Page 458
 11.11 The this Pointer......Page 460
 11.12 Destructors......Page 461
 11.13 Case Study: The Course Class......Page 464
 11.14 Copy Constructors......Page 467
 11.15 Customizing Copy Constructors......Page 470
Chapter 12 Templates, Vectors, and Stacks......Page 480
 12.2 Templates Basics......Page 481
 12.3 Example: A Generic Sort......Page 485
 12.4 Class Templates......Page 487
 12.5 Improving the Stack Class......Page 494
 12.6 The C++ vector Class......Page 496
 12.7 Replacing Arrays Using the vector Class......Page 499
 12.8 Case Study: Evaluating Expressions......Page 502
Chapter 13 File Input and Output......Page 516
 13.2 Text I/O......Page 517
 13.3 Formatting Output......Page 523
 13.4 Functions: getline, get, and put......Page 524
 13.5 fstream and File Open Modes......Page 527
 13.6 Testing Stream States......Page 529
 13.7 Binary I/O......Page 531
 13.8 Random Access File......Page 538
 13.9 Updating Files......Page 541
Chapter 14 Operator Overloading......Page 548
 14.2 The Rational Class......Page 549
 14.3 Operator Functions......Page 555
 14.4 Overloading the Subscript Operator []......Page 557
 14.5 Overloading Augmented Assignment Operators......Page 559
 14.7 Overloading the ++ and –- Operators......Page 560
 14.8 friend Functions and friend Classes......Page 562
 14.9 Overloading the << and >> Operators......Page 564
 14.10 Automatic Type Conversions......Page 566
 14.11 Defining Nonmember Functions for Overloading Operators......Page 567
 14.12 The Rational Class with Overloaded Function Operators......Page 568
 14.13 Overloading the = Operators......Page 576
Chapter 15 Inheritance and Polymorphism......Page 584
 15.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes......Page 585
 15.3 Generic Programming......Page 593
 15.4 Constructors and Destructors......Page 594
 15.5 Redefining Functions......Page 599
 15.6 Polymorphism......Page 600
 15.7 Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding......Page 601
 15.8 The protected Keyword......Page 605
 15.9 Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions......Page 606
 15.10 Casting: static_cast versus dynamic_cast......Page 614
Chapter 16 Exception Handling......Page 622
 16.2 Exception-Handling Overview......Page 623
 16.3 Exception-Handling Advantages......Page 626
 16.4 Exception Classes......Page 628
 16.5 Custom Exception Classes......Page 632
 16.6 Multiple Catches......Page 637
 16.7 Exception Propagation......Page 642
 16.8 Rethrowing Exceptions......Page 643
 16.9 Exception Specification......Page 645
 16.10 When to Use Exceptions......Page 646
Chapter 17 Recursion......Page 650
 17.2 Example: Factorials......Page 651
 17.3 Case Study: Fibonacci Numbers......Page 655
 17.4 Problem Solving Using Recursion......Page 658
 17.5 Recursive Helper Functions......Page 660
 17.6 Towers of Hanoi......Page 663
 17.7 Eight Queens......Page 667
 17.9 Tail Recursion......Page 670
APPENDIXES......Page 676
 Appendix A: C++ Keywords......Page 678
 Appendix B: The ASCII Character Set......Page 680
 Appendix C: Operator Precedence Chart......Page 682
 Appendix D: Number Systems......Page 684
 Appendix E: Bitwise Operations......Page 688
 A......Page 690
 B......Page 692
 C......Page 693
 D......Page 695
 F......Page 697
 H......Page 699
 I......Page 700
 K......Page 701
 M......Page 702
 N......Page 703
 O......Page 704
 P......Page 705
 R......Page 707
 S......Page 708
 T......Page 710
 U......Page 711
 W......Page 712
CREDIT......Page 714