Introduction to Programming Using Python

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Contents......Page 15
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Python......Page 21
 1.2 What Is a Computer?......Page 22
 1.3 Programming Languages......Page 29
 1.4 Operating Systems......Page 32
 1.5 The History of Python......Page 33
 1.6 Getting Started with Python......Page 34
 1.7 Programming Style and Documentation......Page 38
 1.8 Programming Errors......Page 39
 1.9 Getting Started with Graphics Programming......Page 41
Chapter 2 Elementary Programming......Page 51
 2.2 Writing a Simple Program......Page 52
 2.3 Reading Input from the Console......Page 54
 2.5 Variables, Assignment Statements, and Expressions......Page 56
 2.6 Simultaneous Assignments......Page 58
 2.7 Named Constants......Page 59
 2.8 Numeric Data Types and Operators......Page 60
 2.9 Evaluating Expressions and Operator Precedence......Page 63
 2.10 Augmented Assignment Operators......Page 64
 2.11 Type Conversions and Rounding......Page 65
 2.12 Case Study: Displaying the Current Time......Page 66
 2.13 Software Development Process......Page 68
 2.14 Case Study: Computing Distances......Page 72
Chapter 3 Mathematical Functions, Strings, and Objects......Page 83
 3.2 Common Python Functions......Page 84
 3.3 Strings and Characters......Page 87
 3.4 Case Study: Minimum Number of Coins......Page 92
 3.5 Introduction to Objects and Methods......Page 94
 3.6 Formatting Numbers and Strings......Page 96
 3.7 Drawing Various Shapes......Page 101
 3.8 Drawing with Colors and Fonts......Page 103
Chapter 4 Selections......Page 111
 4.2 Boolean Types, Values, and Expressions......Page 112
 4.3 Generating Random Numbers......Page 113
 4.4 if Statements......Page 115
 4.5 Case Study: Guessing Birthdays......Page 116
 4.6 Two-Way if-else Statements......Page 120
 4.7 Nested if and Multi-Way if-elif-else Statements......Page 122
 4.8 Common Errors in Selection Statements......Page 125
 4.9 Case Study: Computing Body Mass Index......Page 127
 4.10 Case Study: Computing Taxes......Page 128
 4.11 Logical Operators......Page 130
 4.12 Case Study: Determining Leap Years......Page 133
 4.13 Case Study: Lottery......Page 134
 4.14 Conditional Expressions......Page 136
 4.15 Operator Precedence and Associativity......Page 137
 4.16 Detecting the Location of an Object......Page 138
Chapter 5 Loops......Page 153
 5.2 The while Loop......Page 154
 5.3 The for Loop......Page 163
 5.4 Nested Loops......Page 165
 5.5 Minimizing Numerical Errors......Page 167
 5.6 Case Studies......Page 168
 5.7 Keywords break and continue......Page 171
 5.8 Case Study: Displaying Prime Numbers......Page 174
 5.9 Case Study: Random Walk......Page 176
Chapter 6 Functions......Page 191
 6.2 Defining a Function......Page 192
 6.3 Calling a Function......Page 193
 6.4 Functions with/without Return Values......Page 196
 6.5 Positional and Keyword Arguments......Page 199
 6.6 Passing Arguments by Reference Values......Page 200
 6.7 Modularizing Code......Page 203
 6.8 Case Study: Converting Decimals to Hexadecimals......Page 205
 6.9 The Scope of Variables......Page 207
 6.10 Default Arguments......Page 209
 6.11 Returning Multiple Values......Page 210
 6.12 Case Study: Generating Random ASCII Characters......Page 211
 6.13 Function Abstraction and Stepwise Refinement......Page 212
 6.14 Case Study: Reusable Graphics Functions......Page 219
Chapter 7 Objects and Classes......Page 235
 7.2 Defining Classes for Objects......Page 236
 7.3 UML Class Diagrams......Page 242
 7.4 Immutable Objects vs. Mutable Objects......Page 245
 7.5 Hiding Data Fields......Page 247
 7.6 Class Abstraction and Encapsulation......Page 249
 7.7 Object-Oriented Thinking......Page 253
Chapter 8 More on Strings and Special Methods......Page 261
 8.2 The str Class......Page 262
 8.3 Case Study: Checking Palindromes......Page 273
 8.4 Case Study: Converting Hexadecimals to Decimals......Page 274
 8.5 Operator Overloading and Special Methods......Page 277
 8.6 Case Study: The Rational Class......Page 278
Chapter 9 GUI Programming Using Tkinter......Page 291
 9.2 Getting Started with Tkinter......Page 292
 9.3 Processing Events......Page 293
 9.4 The Widget Classes......Page 295
 9.5 Canvas......Page 300
 9.6 The Geometry Managers......Page 303
 9.7 Case Study: Loan Calculator......Page 307
 9.8 Displaying Images......Page 308
 9.9 Menus......Page 310
 9.10 Popup Menus......Page 312
 9.11 Mouse, Key Events, and Bindings......Page 314
 9.12 Animations......Page 317
 9.13 Scrollbars......Page 320
 9.14 Standard Dialog Boxes......Page 321
Chapter 10 Lists......Page 333
 10.1 Introduction......Page 334
 10.2 List Basics......Page 335
 10.3 Case Study: Lotto Numbers......Page 345
 10.4 Case Study: Deck of Cards......Page 347
 10.5 Deck of Cards GUI......Page 349
 10.6 Copying Lists......Page 350
 10.7 Passing Lists to Functions......Page 352
 10.8 Returning a List from a Function......Page 354
 10.9 Case Study: Counting the Occurrences of Each Letter......Page 355
 10.10 Searching Lists......Page 358
 10.11 Sorting Lists......Page 361
 10.12 Case Study: Bouncing Balls......Page 365
Chapter 11 Multidimensional Lists......Page 381
 11.2 Processing Two-Dimensional Lists......Page 382
 11.3 Passing Two-Dimensional Lists to Functions......Page 385
 11.4 Problem: Grading a Multiple-Choice Test......Page 387
 11.5 Problem: Finding the Closest Pair......Page 388
 11.6 GUI: Finding the Closest Pair......Page 390
 11.7 Problem: Sudoku......Page 392
 11.8 Case Study: Sudoku GUI......Page 395
 11.9 Multidimensional Lists......Page 397
Chapter 12 Inheritance and Polymorphism......Page 419
 12.2 Superclasses and Subclasses......Page 420
 12.3 Overriding Methods......Page 425
 12.4 The object Class......Page 426
 12.5 Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding......Page 429
 12.6 The isinstance Function......Page 431
 12.7 Case Study: A Reusable Clock......Page 434
 12.8 Class Relationships......Page 438
 12.9 Case Study: Designing the Course Class......Page 441
 12.10 Designing a Class for Stacks......Page 443
 12.11 Case Study: The FigureCanvas Class......Page 445
Chapter 13 Files and Exception Handling......Page 459
 13.2 Text Input and Output......Page 460
 13.3 File Dialogs......Page 468
 13.4 Case Study: Counting Each Letter in a File......Page 471
 13.5 Retrieving Data from the Web......Page 472
 13.6 Exception Handling......Page 474
 13.7 Raising Exceptions......Page 477
 13.9 Defining Custom Exception Classes......Page 480
 13.10 Binary IO Using Pickling......Page 485
 13.11 Case Study: Address Book......Page 487
Chapter 14 Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries......Page 495
 14.2 Tuples......Page 496
 14.3 Sets......Page 499
 14.4 Comparing the Performance of Sets and Lists......Page 505
 14.5 Case Study: Counting Keywords......Page 506
 14.6 Dictionaries......Page 507
 14.7 Case Study: Occurrences of Words......Page 512
Chapter 15 Recursion......Page 519
 15.2 Case Study: Computing Factorials......Page 520
 15.3 Case Study: Computing Fibonacci Numbers......Page 523
 15.4 Problem Solving Using Recursion......Page 525
 15.5 Recursive Helper Functions......Page 527
 15.6 Case Study: Finding the Directory Size......Page 530
 15.7 Case Study: Towers of Hanoi......Page 532
 15.8 Case Study: Fractals......Page 535
 15.9 Case Study: Eight Queens......Page 538
 15.10 Recursion vs. Iteration......Page 540
 15.11 Tail Recursion......Page 541
APPENDIXES......Page 551
 Appendix A: Python Keywords......Page 553
 Appendix B: The ASCII Character Set......Page 554
 Appendix C: Number Systems......Page 556
 A......Page 561
 C......Page 562
 D......Page 564
 F......Page 565
 G......Page 566
 I......Page 567
 L......Page 568
 M......Page 569
 O......Page 570
 P......Page 571
 R......Page 572
 S......Page 573
 T......Page 575
 Z......Page 576
CREDITS......Page 577