Introduction to Programming in Turing

Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 11
Computing Essentials......Page 18
A Brief History of Computer Hardware......Page 19
A Brief History of Programming......Page 24
What is a Computer?......Page 31
Number Systems: Decimal and Binary......Page 35
Hardware and Networks......Page 38
Software......Page 44
The Social Impact of Computers......Page 47
Exercises......Page 53
Technical Terms......Page 55
Turing  Environment......Page 59
The Editor Window......Page 60
Saving Programs on Disk......Page 63
Running Programs......Page 65
Indenting Programs and Syntax Coloring......Page 69
Starting and Stopping the Environment......Page 70
Opening an Existing Program......Page 71
Searching for Text in a File......Page 72
Printing a Program......Page 75
Example Turing Programs......Page 76
Exercises......Page 79
Technical Terms......Page 80
Program Design & Style......Page 81
Programming and Programmers......Page 82
Programming Style......Page 83
The Software Development Process......Page 85
Procedure-Oriented Programming......Page 89
Exercises......Page 90
Technical Terms......Page 91
Simple Programs......Page 92
Changing the Program......Page 93
A Program that Computes......Page 94
Integers and Real Numbers......Page 95
Arithmetic Expressions......Page 96
Output of a Series of Items......Page 97
A Series of Output Statements......Page 98
Exercises......Page 99
Technical Terms......Page 101
Variables & Constants......Page 102
Declaring Variables......Page 103
Inputting Character Strings......Page 104
Mistakes in Programs......Page 106
Inputting Numbers......Page 107
Inputting Real Numbers......Page 108
Constants......Page 109
Assignment of Values to Variables......Page 110
Understandable Programs......Page 111
Comments in Programs......Page 112
Exercises......Page 113
Technical Terms......Page 115
Repetition......Page 117
Loops......Page 118
Conditional Loops......Page 119
Counted Loops......Page 125
Random Exit from Loop......Page 132
Compound Conditions......Page 133
Exercises......Page 134
Technical Terms......Page 138
Character Graphics......Page 140
Character Locations in the Execution  Window......Page 141
Creating a Graphical Pattern with  Characters......Page 142
Drawing in Color......Page 146
Background Color......Page 148
Hiding the Cursor......Page 149
Animation with Graphics......Page 150
Controlling the Speed of Animation......Page 151
Exercises......Page 152
Technical Terms......Page 155
Pixel Graphics......Page 156
Pixel Positions in the Execution  Window......Page 157
Plotting Dots in the Execution Window......Page 158
Changing the Execution Window Size......Page 160
Drawing Lines......Page 161
Drawing Circles and Ellipses......Page 163
Animation......Page 164
Drawing Arcs......Page 165
Plotting a Mathematical Function......Page 166
Using Text with Pixel Graphics......Page 167
Sound with Graphics......Page 168
Exercises......Page 169
Technical Terms......Page 172
Selection......Page 173
Simple Selection......Page 174
Three-way Selection......Page 176
Multi-way Selection......Page 178
Case Construct......Page 180
Commands for Action......Page 182
Selecting from a Menu of Commands......Page 183
Exercises......Page 184
Technical Terms......Page 186
Storing Data on Disk......Page 188
Data Files on Disk......Page 189
Input Data from Disk Files......Page 190
End-of-file for Data......Page 191
Reading Lines of Text from a File......Page 193
Exercises......Page 194
Technical Terms......Page 196
Handling Strings......Page 198
Length of a String......Page 199
Joining Strings Together......Page 200
Selecting Part of a String......Page 201
Searching for a Pattern in a String......Page 204
Substituting One Pattern for Another......Page 207
Eliminating Characters from Strings......Page 208
Bullet-Proofing Programs......Page 210
Exercises......Page 211
Technical Terms......Page 215
Processing Text......Page 216
Token-oriented Input......Page 217
Inputting a Fixed Number of  Characters......Page 218
Line-oriented Input......Page 220
Files on Disk......Page 221
Reading one File and Writing Another......Page 223
Text Formatting......Page 225
Simple Language Translation......Page 226
Exercises......Page 227
Technical Terms......Page 230
Program Structure......Page 231
Structure Diagrams......Page 232
Nested Structures......Page 233
Structure Diagram for elsif......Page 236
Declaration of Variables and Constants  Inside Constructs......Page 239
Design of Programs......Page 240
Exercises......Page 242
Technical Terms......Page 243
Arrays & other Data Types......Page 245
Array Data Types......Page 246
Manipulating Lists......Page 247
When to Use an Array......Page 248
Sorting an Array......Page 250
Related Lists......Page 252
Boolean Data Types......Page 254
Tables......Page 256
Named Data Types......Page 258
Exercises......Page 259
Technical Terms......Page 264
Music......Page 265
Playing Musical Notes......Page 266
Using the Keyboard to Make Music......Page 268
Animation with Music......Page 270
Exercises......Page 274
Technical Terms......Page 275
Subprograms......Page 276
Functions......Page 277
A Procedure with No Parameters......Page 284
A Procedure with One Parameter......Page 287
Variable Parameters in Procedures......Page 289
Predefined Procedures and Functions......Page 291
Recursive Subprograms......Page 293
Functions versus Procedures......Page 294
Exercises......Page 295
Technical Terms......Page 297
Subprograms with Array Parameters......Page 299
Functions with Array Parameters......Page 300
Array Parameters in Procedures......Page 301
Dynamic Formal Parameters......Page 303
Local and Global Variables and  Constants......Page 308
Maintaining a Sorted List......Page 311
Exercises......Page 315
Technical Terms......Page 317
Records & Files......Page 318
Declaration of Records......Page 319
Inputting and Outputting Records......Page 320
Arrays of Records......Page 321
An Example using a File of Records......Page 322
Moving Records in Memory......Page 325
Binary Files......Page 328
Random Access to Records on Disk......Page 330
Modification of Records on Disk......Page 333
Deletion of Records on Disk......Page 342
Exercises......Page 344
Technical Terms......Page 345
Advanced Topics......Page 347
Binary Search......Page 348
Sorting by Merging......Page 351
Files of Records in Linked Lists......Page 353
Highly Interactive Graphics......Page 357
Technical Terms......Page 361
Advanced Pixel Graphics......Page 363
Drawing a Tilted Box......Page 364
Repeating a Pattern......Page 365
Animation Using a Buffer......Page 368
Bar Charts......Page 370
Pie Charts......Page 372
Graphing Mathematical Equations......Page 374
Exercises......Page 377
Technical Terms......Page 378
Animation & GUIs......Page 379
The Mouse in Turing......Page 380
Module......Page 384
Module......Page 389
Module......Page 393
Playing Music from Sound Files......Page 402
Exercises......Page 406
Technical Terms......Page 407
Simplified Turing Syntax......Page 410
Predefined Subprograms......Page 419
Predefined Subprograms by Module......Page 427
Reserved Words......Page 442
Operators......Page 443
File Statements......Page 446
Control Constructs......Page 448
Colors in Turing......Page 449
Keyboard Codes for Turing......Page 450
ASCII......Page 453
Glossary......Page 454
Index......Page 470