Introduction to infrastructure

Copyright......Page 6
Foreword......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
About the Authors......Page 19
Brief Table of Contents......Page 23
Detailed Table of Contents......Page 25
Introduction......Page 31
The Prevalence of Infrastructure......Page 33
Infrastructure Systems......Page 35
Funding Infrastructure......Page 36
Sustainability......Page 37
Construction......Page 39
Water Resources......Page 40
Integration with Other Professions......Page 41
Integration with the Public......Page 42
Licensure......Page 43
Life-Long Learning......Page 44
Teamwork and Leadership......Page 45
The Future of Civil and Environmental Engineering......Page 46
About This Book......Page 47
Introduction......Page 50
Hydrologic Cycle and Hydrologic Budget......Page 51
Watersheds......Page 55
Rivers......Page 56
Wetlands......Page 58
Geologic Formations......Page 59
Groundwater......Page 63
Climate Change......Page 65
Prelude to Chapters 3 through 5......Page 70
Introduction......Page 71
Foundations......Page 72
Skyscrapers......Page 73
Bridges (ASCE 2009 Grade: C)......Page 74
Dams (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 78
Levees and Floodwalls (ASCE 2009 Grade: D- )......Page 80
Retaining walls......Page 83
Introduction......Page 87
Roads (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 88
Intersections and Interchanges......Page 91
Parking......Page 93
Mass Transit (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 95
Non-Motorized Transportation......Page 99
Aviation (ASCE 2009 Grade: D)......Page 100
Waterways (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 101
Locks......Page 102
Tunnels......Page 103
Rail (ASCE 2009 Grade: C-)......Page 105
Introduction......Page 109
Energy Generation......Page 110
Drinking Water (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 112
Storage......Page 113
Treatment......Page 114
Distribution......Page 115
Wastewater (ASCE 2009 Grade: D-)......Page 116
Conveyance......Page 117
Treatment......Page 119
Collection and Conveyance......Page 120
Culverts......Page 121
Storage......Page 122
Treatment......Page 123
Parks and Recreation (ASCE 2009  Grade: C-)......Page 125
Transfer......Page 127
Recycling and Reuse......Page 128
Landfills......Page 129
Incinerators......Page 130
Brownfields......Page 131
Introduction......Page 134
Trailers and Storage Containers......Page 135
Excavators......Page 136
Loaders......Page 137
Skidsteers......Page 138
Earthmovers......Page 139
Blasting Equipment......Page 140
Dewatering......Page 141
Concrete Forms......Page 142
Falsework......Page 143
Utilities......Page 144
Erosion Control......Page 145
Introduction......Page 150
Systems Overview......Page 153
Intra-Sector Systems......Page 156
Inter-Sector Systems......Page 158
The "Big Picture'' System......Page 161
Introduction......Page 167
Themes......Page 170
Roads......Page 171
Canals......Page 173
Bridges......Page 175
Water Distribution......Page 177
Water Treatment......Page 179
Wastewater Conveyance......Page 180
The Future......Page 181
Introduction......Page 186
The Nature of Analysis......Page 188
The Analysis Process......Page 189
Case Study: Creation of the Rational Method......Page 195
Construction Engineering Analysis Application-Gantt Charts......Page 197
Environmental/Water Resources Engineering Analysis Application-Open Channels......Page 198
Geotechnical Engineering Analysis Application-Soil Size Analysis......Page 200
Municipal Engineering Analysis Application-Stormwater Runoff......Page 203
Structural Engineering Analysis Application-Tension and Compression in Beams......Page 204
Transportation Engineering Analysis Application-Pavement Analysis......Page 206
Introduction......Page 211
The Design Process......Page 212
Problem (Need) Identification......Page 213
Collection of Background Information......Page 214
Development of Alternative Designs......Page 215
Evaluation of Designs......Page 216
Selection of Best Design......Page 217
Implementation of Solution......Page 219
Regulations......Page 220
Safety Factors......Page 221
Design Life......Page 222
Case Study: Chicago River Reversal......Page 223
Construction Engineering Design Application-Cut and Fill......Page 225
Environmental Engineering Design Application-Septic Systems......Page 227
Geotechnical Engineering Design Application-Footings......Page 231
Municipal Engineering Design Application-Land Development......Page 234
Transportation Engineering Design Application-Inlet Spacing......Page 236
Introduction......Page 242
The Need for Planning......Page 244
Infrastructure Planning......Page 248
Transportation Planning......Page 251
Land Use Planning......Page 254
Regional Planning......Page 257
Emergency Planning......Page 259
Population Projections......Page 261
Introduction......Page 267
Background......Page 268
Energy Trends and Predicting Demand......Page 269
Sources of Energy......Page 273
Environmental Impacts......Page 274
Energy as an Infrastructure Consideration......Page 277
Transportation Sector Energy Use......Page 278
Buildings......Page 279
Wastewater Treatment......Page 280
Landfills......Page 281
Introduction......Page 284
The Needs of the World......Page 287
Resource Demand......Page 292
Measures of Sustainability......Page 296
The Role of Civil and Environmental Engineers in Promoting Sustainability......Page 297
Sustainable Design......Page 298
Green Buildings......Page 299
Water Reuse......Page 302
Introduction......Page 307
The Relationship Between Infrastructure and the Economy......Page 309
Funding Local Projects......Page 310
Funding State and Federal Projects......Page 314
Consideration of Project Economics......Page 316
Introduction......Page 323
Environmental Protection......Page 324
Land Development......Page 329
Wastewater Treatment......Page 330
Dams......Page 331
The Good (Bad?) Ole Days......Page 332
Environmental Regulations......Page 333
Environmental Complexity......Page 335
Introduction......Page 340
Social Impact Assessment......Page 343
Displacement......Page 344
Neighborhood Cohesion......Page 345
Health......Page 348
Environmental Justice......Page 349
Introduction......Page 354
Ethics and Engineering......Page 355
Codes of Ethics......Page 357
Ethical Decision-Making Framework......Page 360
Case Study......Page 361
Corruption......Page 363
Introduction......Page 370
Economic Impacts and Infrastructure Security......Page 373
Critical Infrastructure......Page 374
Water Security......Page 376
Energy Security......Page 379
Transportation Security......Page 380
Risk Considerations......Page 382
Chapter 19: Other (No Less Important) Considerations......Page 386
Protecting the Public......Page 387
Protecting Operations and Maintenance Workers......Page 388
Protecting Construction Workers......Page 389
Maintenance Considerations......Page 393
Constructability Considerations......Page 394
Aesthetic Considerations......Page 398
Political Considerations......Page 399
Legal Considerations......Page 403
Torts......Page 404
Contracts......Page 405
Property Law......Page 406
Introduction......Page 411
Construction Engineering: Critical Path Method......Page 412
Environmental Engineering: Air Pollution......Page 413
Geotechnical Engineering: Katrina Floodwalls......Page 416
Structural Engineering: Deflection of Beams......Page 418
Transportation Engineering: Transportation Impact Study......Page 422
Introduction......Page 427
Construction Engineering: Concrete Mix and Formwork......Page 428
Environmental Engineering: Primary Treatment of Wastewater......Page 434
Geotechnical Engineering: Floodwalls......Page 437
Structural Engineering: Design of Structural Members......Page 440
Transportation Engineering: Horizontal Curves......Page 443
Chapter Opener Photo Credit......Page 449
Index......Page 451