Introduction to Information Systems

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
About the Author
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Information Systems and People
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Information Systems in Action
		Managing Operations
		Supporting Customer Interactions
		Making Decisions
		Collaborating on Teams
		Gaining Competitive Advantage
		Improving Individual Productivity
	2. The Nature of Information
		What Makes Information Valuable?
	3. The Components of an Information System
		People
		Technology
		Processes
		Data
	4. Information Systems, the Discipline
	5. Information Systems throughout the Organization
		Information Systems in Business
		Information Systems in Nonprofits and Government
		Inside the IT Department
		Collaborating on Information Systems
		Improving Your Own Productivity
	6. Promises, Perils, and Ethical Issues
		Privacy Breaches and Amplification Effects
	The Ethical Factor: Ethical Issues Surrounding Information Systems
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		1-19. Excel Application: Staff Planning Spreadsheet
		1-20. Access Application: Information Systems in Business
	Case Study #1: Nasdaq’s Information Challenges: Facebook’s Botched Public Opening and High-Frequency Trading
	Case Study #2: Breaking News: Twitter’s Growing Role in Emergencies and Disaster Communications
	E-Project 1: Analyzing the May 6 “Flash Crash” with Excel Charts
	E-Project 2: Gathering, Visualizing, and Evaluating Reports from Twitter and Other Sources During a Disaster
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 2: Information Systems and Strategy
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Porter’s Five Competitive Forces
		Threat of New Entrants
		Power of Buyers
		Power of Suppliers
		Threat of Substitutes
		Rivalry Among Existing Competitors
	2. Factors that Affect How the Five Forces Operate
		Disruptive Technology and Innovations
		Government Policies and Actions
		Complementary Services and Products in the Ecosystem
		Environmental Events and “Wildcards”
	3. The Value Chain and Strategic Thinking
		Extending the Value Chain: From Suppliers to the Firm to Customers
		Benchmarking Components of the Value Chain
	The Ethical Factor: Ethical Responsibility in an Extended Value Chain
		IT Benchmarks
	4. Competitive Strategies in Business
		The Role of Information Systems in Strategy
		Information Systems: Run, Grow, and Transform the Business
	5. Information Strategies and Nonprofit Organizations
		Fund-Raising
		Volunteering
		Information Strategies and Government
	6. Does I.T. Matter?
		Spending on Running, Growing, and Transforming
		Leveling UP!: A Strategic Analysis
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		2-19. Excel Application: IT Benchmarks
		2-20. Access Application: Telethon Call Reports
	Case Study #1: Can GameStop Survive with Its Brick-and-Mortar Stores?
	Case Study #2: The Battle for Net Neutrality
	E-Project 1: Identifying Company Strategy with Online Financial Chart Tools
	E-Project 2: Analyzing Media Download Times with Excel
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 3: Information and Communications Technologies: The Enterprise Architecture
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. The Hardware
		Input and Output
		Processing
		Storage
	The Ethical Factor: Ethical Implications of Big Data
	2. The Software
		Types of Software
		How Is Software Created?
	3. Networks and Telecommunications
		Transmission Media and Protocols
		Networking Basics
		Network Protocols
		Strategy and Competition in Telecommunications
	4. The Enterprise Architecture
		Trends in Enterprise Architectures
		Guiding the Enterprise Architecture
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		3-21. Excel Application: Analyzing Growth in Computer Storage Capacities
		3-22. Access Application: Managing ICT Assets with a Database
	Case Study #1: Google Glass and Wearable Technologies
	Case Study #2: Rolling Out Its 4G Network, Sprint Corporation Competes with Rivals
	E-Project 1: Voluntary Distributed Computing
	E-Project 2: Using Excel to Analyze Cost Effectiveness for 4G Rollouts
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 4: Databases and Data Warehouses
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. The Nature of Information Resources
		Structured, Unstructured, and Semi-Structured Information
		Metadata
		The Quality of Information
	2. Managing Information: From Filing Cabinets to the Database
		Tables, Records, and Fields
		The Rise and Fall of File Processing Systems
		Databases and Database Management Systems
	3. Developing and Managing a Relational Database
		Planning the Data Model
		Accessing the Database and Retrieving Information
	The Ethical Factor: Ethical Issues in Database Design: The Case of Ethnic Identification
		Managing and Maintaining the Database
	4. Multiple Databases and the Challenge of Integration
		Shadow Systems
		Integration Strategies and Master Data Management
	5. Data Warehouses and Big Data
		Building the Data Warehouse
		The Challenge of Big Data
		Strategic Planning, Business Intelligence, and Data Mining
	6. The Challenges of Information Management: The Human Element
		Ownership Issues
		Databases Without Boundaries
		Balancing Stakeholders’ Information Needs
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		4-29. Excel Application: Managing Catering Supplies
		4-30. Access Application: DD-Designs
	Case Study #1: UK Police Track Suspicious Vehicles in Real Time with Cameras and the License Plate Database
	Case Study #2: How eBay Scales Its Database Architecture with SQL and NoSQL
	E-Project 1: Identifying Suspects with a License Plate Database: Constructing Queries with Access
	E-Project 2: Building a Database for Customer Records
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 5: Information Systems for the Enterprise
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Finance Management
		Components of Financial Information Systems
		Financial Reporting, Compliance, and Transparency
	2. Human Capital Management
		Components of Human Capital Management Systems
		HCM Metrics
	3. Managing the Supply Chain
		Supply Chain Fundamentals
	The Ethical Factor: Ethics and Talent Management
		Measuring Performance in Supply Chains
		Information Systems and Technology for Supply Chain Management
	4. Customer Relationship Management
		CRM Goals and Metrics
		CRM Strategies and Technologies
	5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Bringing It All Together
		ERP Components
		ERP Integration Strategies
		Implementation Issues
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		5-13. Excel Application: Performance Bicycle Parts
		5-14. Access Application: VSI Consultants
	Case Study #1: Salesforce.com: Taking CRM to the Cloud
	Case Study #2: Winning the War for Talent: The Mandarin Oriental’s Talent Management System
	E-Project 1: CRM for Human Services Agencies
	E-Project 2: Evaluating Employment and Recruitment Websites
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 6: The Web, Social Media, E-Commerce, and M-Commerce
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Developing a Web Strategy
		Choosing a Goal
		Naming the Website
	2. Building the Website
		Website Design
	The Ethical Factor: Website Accessibility: Why Is Progress So Slow?
		Software Development Strategies for the Web
	3. E-Commerce
		The Online Transaction and E-Commerce Software
		E-Commerce Security
		E-Commerce Trust
	4. Mobile Devices and M-Commerce
		Why Mobile Matters
		Designing Websites and Apps for Mobile Devices
		M-Commerce and Mobile Payments
	5. Digital Marketing
		Search Engine Optimization
		Social and Mobile Marketing
	6. Web 2.0 and Beyond
		Crowdsourcing and Collective Intelligence
		Expanding Data and Sensory Input: The Internet of Things
		The Learning Web
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		6-18. Website Application: Heritage Dogs
		6-19. Excel Application: Heritage Dogs Website Metrics
		6-20. Access Application: Springfield Animal Shelter
	Case Study #1: Mobile Payments and the Digital Wallet
	Case Study #2: LinkedIn: The Social Network and E-Marketplace for Professionals
	E-Project 1: Examining Top M-Commerce Sites
	E-Project 2: Exploring Linkedin’s Web Analytics
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 7: Business Intelligence and Decision Making
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Levels of Decision Making
		Operational Level
		Tactical Level
		Strategic Level
	2. Sources of Business Intelligence
		Transactional Databases, Data Warehouses, and Internal Data Sources
		External Data Sources and Big Data
	The Ethical Factor: The Ethics of Tagging Faces in Photos
	3. Data Mining and Analytics
		Analyzing Patterns, Trends, and Relationships
		Simulating, Optimizing, and Forecasting
		Artificial Intelligence
	4. Achieving Success with Digital Analytics
		Capturing Digital Metrics
		Analyzing Data and Achieving Success
	5. Putting It All Together: Dashboards, Portals, and Mashups
		Dashboards
		Portals
		Mashups
		Business Intelligence: The Human Element
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		7-17. Excel Application: Analyzing Revenue and Expenses for City Hospital Seminars
		7-18. Access Application: Marketing City Hospital Seminars
	Case Study #1: Cracking Fraud with Government’s Big Data
	Case Study #2: TV and Twitter: How Nielsen Rates Programs with “Social TV”
	E-Project 1: Detecting Suspicious Activity in Insurance Claims
	E-Project 2: Analyzing Nielsen TV Ratings with Excel
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 8: Collaborating with Technology
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. The Evolution of Collaborative Technologies
		Email Technology, Contacts, and Calendars
		Discussion Forums
		Instant Messaging and Texting
		Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
		Web Conferencing
		Interactive Video
		Shared Workspaces
	2. Web 2.0 Collaborative Technologies
		Blogs
		Wikis
		Social Networking
		Microblogging
		Virtual Worlds and Virtual Reality
	3. Unified Communications
		Capabilities for Unified Communications
		Universal Dashboards
	4. The Human Element and Collaborative Technologies
		Psychological Characteristics of Online Environments
	The Ethical Factor: Flash Mobs and Free Speech: Should Police Block Mobile Messaging Services?
		Managing Online Impressions
		Group Dynamics in Virtual Teams
		Making Virtual Teams Work
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		8-15. Excel Application: Going Green!
		8-16. Access Application: Cloud 9
	Case Study #1: Telepresence Robots Support Remote Collaboration
	Case Study #2: The Pros and Cons of Telecommuting
	E-Project 1: Estimating Breakeven Pricing for Telepresence Robots Using a Spreadsheet
	E-Project 2: Estimating Savings for Virtual Work Using an Excel Model
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 9: Knowledge Management and E-Learning
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. The Nature of Intellectual Capital
		Types of Intellectual Capital
		Types of Knowledge
		Managing Intellectual Capital
	2. Knowledge Management Strategies and Technologies
		Identify the Goal
		Locate the Sources
		Capture the Knowledge
		Organize, Share, and Value Knowledge
	3. Knowledge Management: Pitfalls and Promises
		The Human Element: Why Share Knowledge?
		Incentives for Knowledge Sharing
	The Ethical Factor: Knowledge Sharing in Fast-Paced Industries: The Case of Formula One Racing
		Technology Hurdles and Content Issues
		The Semantic Web
		Practical Tips for Launching a Knowledge Management Project
	4. E-Learning
		Comparing E-Learning Approaches
	5. Creating an E-Learning Program
		Course Development
		Learning Objects
		Content Authoring Tools
		Collaboration Tools
		Strategies to Prevent Cheating
		Learning Management Systems
	6. E-Learning in Education
		Differences Between Corporate and Education E-Learning
		Comparing E-Learning and Classroom Learning
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		9-15. Excel Application: Top Talent
		9-16. Access Application: Top Talent
	Case Study #1: Lynda.com: How an E-Learning Entrepreneur Rides Waves of Change
	Case Study #2: Diplopedia: Managing State Department Knowledge with a Wiki
	E-Project 1: Exploring the World of Online Courses
	E-Project 2: Managing the Human Element on Wikipedia with Technology
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 10: Ethics, Privacy, and Security
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Ethics
		Ethical Frameworks
		Ethics and the Law
		Ethical Issues and Information and Communications Technologies
	2. Information Ethics
		Intellectual Property and Digital Rights Management
		Plagiarism
	3. Privacy
		Trading Privacy for Convenience and Freebies
		Anonymity
		Surveillance
		“The Right to Be Forgotten”
	4. Information Security
		Risk Management
		Identifying Threats
	The Ethical Factor: Ethical Dilemmas in a Distributed Denial of Service Attack
		Assessing Vulnerability
		Administrative Security Controls
		Technical Security Controls
		Information Security and Cloud Computing
	5. The Human Element in Information Ethics, Security, and Privacy
		Cognitive Issues and Productivity
		Social Engineering and Information Security
		Security Awareness and Ethical Decision Making
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		10-20. Excel Application: Citywide Community College
		10-21. Acess Application: Citywide Community College
	Case Study #1: Zynga Kills Petville and Angers Virtual Pet Owners
	Case Study #2: Community Policing on the Internet: Spamhaus Targets Worldwide Spammers
	E-Project 1: Tracking the Trackers: Investigating How Third-Party Cookies Steer the Ads You See
	E-Project 2: Analyzing Spammers by Country Using Excel Pivot Tables
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 11: Systems Development and Procurement
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. Systems Development Life Cycle
		Planning
		Analysis
		Design Phase
		Development Phases
		Testing Phase
		Implementation
		Maintenance
	2. Software Development Strategies
	The Ethical Factor: Developing Systems That Promote Ethical Decision Making and Social Responsibility
		Waterfall Software Development
		Iterative Methods
		Agile Methods
	3. Comparing Software Development Approaches
		Type of Proj
		Organizational Culture
		Is Waterfall Dead?
	4. Software Procurement: The “Buy” Strategy
		Pros and Cons of Build and Buy
		The Procurement Process
		Adaptation and Customization
	5. The Human Element in Systems Development and Procurement
		Working in Teams
		The Role of Senior Management
		Working with Consultants
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		11-19. Excel Application: Jay’s Bikes
		11-20. Access Application: Managing a Recipe Collection
	Case Study #1: Baby Steps toward Scrum: How BabyCenter.com Made the Cultural Transition to Agile Software Development
	Case Study #2: Extreme Programming at the U.S. Strategic Command
	E-Project 1: Watching Babycenter.com Change over Time with the Internet Archive
	E-Project 2: Analyzing Software Defect Rates Using Excel
	Chapter Notes
Chapter 12: Project Management and Strategic Planning
	Learning Objectives
	Introduction
	1. What is a Project?
		Projects Versus Processes
		The Triple Constraint: Time, Cost, and Scope
	2. Project Management
		The Five Project Management Processes
		The Role of the Project Manager
	The Ethical Factor: Code of Ethics for Project Managers
	3. Project Management Software
		Managing Time
		Managing People and Resources
		Managing Costs
	4. Why Projects Succeed and Why They Fail
		Why Do Projects Fail?
		Success Factors for Project Management
	5. Strategic Planning for Information Systems
		Vision, Principles, and Policies
		Project Portfolio Management
		Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
		Technology and Industry Trends
	6. Planning for the Future: The Human Element
		Cognitive Biases and Strategic Planning
		The Black Swan
	Online Simulation
	Chapter Summary
	Key Terms and Concepts
	Chapter Review Questions
	Projects and Discussion Questions
	Application Exercises
		12-24. Excel Application: Creating a Gantt Chart with Excel
		12-25. Access Application: Apprentice Project Managers
	Case Study #1: Predicting the Future: Gartner’s Research Informs Strategic Planning
	Case Study #2: JetBlue and WestJet: A Tale of Two Software Implementations
	E-Project 1: Checking on Gartner’s Predictions
	E-Project 2 Analyzing Airline Performance with Excel Pivot Tables
	Chapter Notes
Case Studies
	Case Study #1: Facebook and Instagram: Privacy Challenges
	Case Study #2: Enabling the Sharing Economy: The Case of Uber Technologies
	Case Study #3: Apple: Can the Company Pull Off Another Disruptive Innovation?
	Case Study #4: Managing the Federal Government’s IT Project Portfolio
Glossary
Index
Back Cover