Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, : The handbook for construction professionals and students on NEBOSH and other construction courses

Front cover......Page 1
Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 16
About the authors......Page 17
List of principal abbreviations......Page 18
Illustrations credits......Page 20
1.1 Introduction......Page 30
1.2 Some basic definitions......Page 31
1.3 The legal framework for health and safety......Page 32
1.4 The legal system in England and Wales......Page 33
1.6 European Courts......Page 34
1.7 Sources of law (England and Wales)......Page 35
1.9 Levels of statutory duty......Page 36
1.10 The influence of the European Union (EU) on health and safety......Page 37
1.11 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974......Page 39
1.13 The main legal instruments relating to construction work......Page 42
1.14 Role and function of external agencies......Page 43
1.16 The health and safety problem in the construction industry......Page 44
1.17 Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management......Page 45
1.18 The framework for health and safety management......Page 48
1.19 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1......Page 50
2.2 Legal requirements......Page 52
2.3 Key elements of a health and safety policy......Page 53
2.4 Review of health and safety policy......Page 54
Appendix 2.1 – Health and Safety Policy checklist......Page 56
3.1 Introduction......Page 60
3.4 Employees’ responsibilities......Page 61
3.5 Organizational health and safety responsibilities......Page 62
3.6 Role and functions of health and safety and other advisers......Page 63
3.7 Persons in control of premises......Page 64
3.9 The supply chain......Page 65
3.10 Contractors......Page 67
3.11 Joint occupation of premises......Page 73
3.12 Cooperation with the workforce......Page 74
3.13 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3......Page 75
Appendix 3.1 – Typical organizational responsibilities......Page 76
Appendix 3.2 – Checklist for supply chain health and safety management......Page 78
4.2 Definition of a health and safety culture......Page 80
4.3 Safety culture and safety performance......Page 81
4.4 Human factors and their influence on safety performance......Page 82
4.5 Human errors and violations......Page 86
4.6 The development of a positive health and safety culture......Page 89
4.7 Effective communication......Page 90
4.8 Health and safety training......Page 91
4.9 Internal influences......Page 93
4.10 External influences......Page 94
4.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4......Page 96
5.2 Legal aspects of risk assessment......Page 98
5.4 Some definitions......Page 99
5.8 The management of risk assessment......Page 101
5.9 The risk assessment process......Page 102
5.10 Risk control measures......Page 103
5.14 Monitoring and review......Page 104
5.15 Special cases......Page 105
5.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5......Page 106
Appendix 5.1 – Hazard checklist......Page 107
Appendix 5.2 – Example of a risk assessment record......Page 108
6.2 Principles of prevention......Page 110
6.3 Hierarchy of risk control......Page 111
6.4 Controlling health risks......Page 114
6.5 Safe systems of work......Page 116
6.7 Permits to work......Page 119
6.8 Emergency procedures......Page 123
6.9 First aid at work......Page 124
6.10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6......Page 127
Appendix 6.1 – Fire notice......Page 128
Appendix 6.2 – Job safety analysis form......Page 129
Appendix 6.3 – Example of a safety method statement form......Page 130
Appendix 6.4 – Essential elements of a permit-to-work form......Page 131
7.1 Introduction......Page 132
7.2 General hazards and controls......Page 133
7.3 Initial site assessment......Page 135
7.4 Site controls......Page 136
7.5 Provision of welfare facilities......Page 139
7.6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7......Page 140
Appendix 7.1 – A typical set of site rules......Page 141
8.2 The Work at Height Regulations 2004 (WAHR)......Page 144
8.3 Construction hazards and controls from working at height......Page 146
8.4 Working above ground or where there is a risk of falling......Page 150
8.5 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8......Page 164
Appendix 8.1 – Inspection report form......Page 166
Appendix 8.3 – A checklist for a safety inspection of a scaffold......Page 168
Appendix 8.4 – Examples of safe systems of work used in roof work......Page 169
9.2 Excavations – hazards and control......Page 170
9.3 Confined spaces......Page 179
9.4 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9......Page 183
Appendix 9.1 – Inspection report for excavation......Page 184
Appendix 9.2 – An example of safe digging practice......Page 186
Appendix 9.3 – Typical excavation work risk assessment......Page 187
Appendix 9.4 – Typical confined spaces risk assessment......Page 188
10.1 Introduction......Page 190
10.3 Pre-demolition investigation and survey......Page 191
10.4 Demolition method statement......Page 192
10.5 Management of the demolition and general controls......Page 194
10.6 Specific issues......Page 195
10.7 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10......Page 197
Appendix 10.1 – Checklist for a safe system of work......Page 198
11.2 Hazards to pedestrians......Page 200
11.3 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards......Page 202
11.4 Hazards to the general public and the associated controls in construction activities, including street works......Page 205
11.5 Hazards in vehicle operations......Page 207
11.6 Control strategies for safe vehicle operations......Page 208
11.7 The management of vehicle movements......Page 209
11.8 Hazards and controls of vehicles on construction sites......Page 210
11.9 Managing occupational road safety......Page 211
11.10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11......Page 216
12.2 Suitability of work equipment and CE marking......Page 218
12.4 Information, instruction and training......Page 220
12.5 Maintenance and inspection......Page 221
12.6 Operation and working environment......Page 222
12.7 Users’ and hirers’ responsibilities......Page 223
12.8 Hand-held tools......Page 224
12.9 Mechanical machinery hazards......Page 226
12.10 Mobile work equipment......Page 228
12.12 Examples of machinery hazards......Page 230
12.13 Practical safeguards......Page 232
12.14 Other safety devices......Page 235
12.15 Application of safeguards to the range of machines......Page 236
12.17 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12......Page 243
13.2 Manual handling hazards and injuries......Page 244
13.3 Manual handling risk assessments......Page 246
13.4 Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment......Page 249
13.6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13......Page 258
Appendix 13.1 – Manual handling of loads assessment checklist......Page 260
Appendix 13.2 – A typical risk assessment for an excavator to be used for lifting......Page 263
Appendix 13.3 – A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment......Page 264
14.2 Principles of electricity and some definitions......Page 266
14.3 Electrical hazards and injuries......Page 268
14.4 General control measures for electrical hazards......Page 273
14.5 The selection and suitability of equipment......Page 274
14.6 Inspection and maintenance strategies......Page 276
14.7 Portable electrical appliances testing......Page 277
14.8 Protection against contact with live overhead power lines......Page 280
14.9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 14......Page 281
15.1 Introduction......Page 282
15.2 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO) – Requirements......Page 283
15.3 Basic principles of fire......Page 285
15.4 Methods of extinction......Page 286
15.6 Principles of heat transmission and fire spread......Page 287
15.7 Common causes of fire and consequences......Page 289
15.8 Fire risk assessment......Page 290
15.9 Fire detection and warning......Page 296
15.10 Means of escape in case of fire......Page 297
15.11 Principles of fire protection in buildings......Page 299
15.12 Provision of fire-fighting equipment......Page 300
15.13 Maintenance and testing of fire-fighting equipment......Page 301
15.15 Fire procedures and people with a disability......Page 302
15.16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 15......Page 303
Appendix 15.1 – Fire risk assessment as recommended in Fire Safety Guides published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2006......Page 304
Appendix 15.2 – Example form for recording significant findings as published in 2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government......Page 305
16.2 Forms of chemical agent......Page 306
16.4 Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks......Page 307
16.5 Routes of entry to the human body......Page 308
16.6 Health hazards of specific agents......Page 312
16.7 Requirements of the COSHH Regulations......Page 315
16.8 Details of a COSHH assessment......Page 316
16.9 The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations......Page 320
16.11 Maintenance and emergency controls......Page 326
16.12 Control of asbestos......Page 327
16.13 Environmental considerations......Page 329
16.14 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16......Page 331
17.2 Task and workstation design......Page 334
17.3 Work environment issues......Page 342
17.4 Noise......Page 343
17.5 Heat and radiation hazards......Page 349
17.6 The causes and prevention of workplace stress......Page 352
17.7 The causes and prevention of workplace violence......Page 354
17.8 The effects of alcohol and drugs......Page 357
17.9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 17......Page 358
18.1 Introduction......Page 360
18.2 Reasons for incident/accident investigation......Page 361
18.3 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated?......Page 362
18.4 Investigations and causes of incidents......Page 363
18.5 Legal recording and reporting requirements......Page 365
18.7 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data......Page 367
18.9 Pratice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 18......Page 369
Appendix 18.1 – Injury report form......Page 371
Appendix 18.2 – Information for insurance/compensation claims......Page 373
19.2 The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance......Page 376
19.3 Why measure performance?......Page 377
19.4 What to measure......Page 378
19.6 Proactive or active monitoring – how to measure performance......Page 379
19.9 Report writing......Page 382
19.10 Review and audit......Page 384
19.11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 19......Page 387
Appendix 19.1 Workplace inspection exercises......Page 388
Appendix 19.2 – Checklist of items to be covered in a construction site inspection......Page 389
20.2 The legal framework......Page 394
20.3 List of Acts and Regulations summarized......Page 395
20.4 Health and Safety at Work etc Act (HSW Act) 1974......Page 397
20.5 Environmental Protection Act 1990......Page 399
20.6 The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991......Page 404
20.7 Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002......Page 407
20.8 Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 as amended in 1998......Page 413
20.9 Draft Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006......Page 415
20.10 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002......Page 423
20.11 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997......Page 426
20.12 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 1994 and Amendment Regulations 2000......Page 428
20.13 Draft Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2006......Page 433
20.15 Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996......Page 440
20.16 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996......Page 444
20.17 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2005 Amendment......Page 445
20.18 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002......Page 449
20.19 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992......Page 452
20.20 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989......Page 454
20.21 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998......Page 456
20.22 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005......Page 458
20.23 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981......Page 466
20.25 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999......Page 467
20.26 Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002......Page 469
20.27 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998......Page 471
20.28 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999......Page 475
20.29 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992......Page 477
20.30 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005......Page 480
20.31 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992......Page 484
20.32 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except part IV)......Page 486
20.33 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995......Page 491
20.34 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977......Page 493
20.35 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996......Page 494
20.36 Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992......Page 497
20.37 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005......Page 500
20.38 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992......Page 502
20.39 Work at Height Regulations 2005......Page 505
20.40 Other relevant Regulations in brief......Page 509
21.3 Planning for study......Page 514
21.7 Revision......Page 515
21.9 How does memory work?......Page 516
21.10 How to deal with exams......Page 518
21.11 The examiners’ reports......Page 519
21.13 References......Page 520
Index......Page 522