Introduction to Geospatial Technologies

About this Book
	Cover Page
	Title Page
	Copyright Page
	Dedication
	About the Author
	Contents in Brief
	Contents
	Preface
Part 1 Geospatial Data and GPS
	Chapter 1: It’s a Geospatial World Out There
		What Is Geospatial Technology?
		Who Uses Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 1.1: Industries Using Geospatial Technology
			Hands-On Application 1.2: Jobs in the Geospatial Field
		What Is Geospatial Data?
			Hands-On Application 1.3: The National Map
			Hands-On Application 1.4: Mapping Data Layers Online
			Hands-On Application 1.5: Examining Real Estate Values Online
			Hands-On Application 1.6: Geospatial Technology and Crime Mapping
		What Does All This Have to Do with Geography?
			Hands-On Application 1.7: The Geospatial Revolution Will Be Televised
			Hands-On Application 1.8: User-Generated Geospatial Content Online
		What Is Geolocation?
			Hands-On Application 1.9: Where Am I Right Now?
		What Is Google Earth?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 1.1: What Happens to Privacy in a Geospatial World?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Geospatial Apps
			Geospatial Technologies in Social Media
			Key Terms
		1.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 2: Where in the Geospatial World Are You?
		What Is a Datum?
			Hands-On Application 2.1: Replacing the NAD83 Datum
		What Is a Geographic Coordinate System?
			Hands-On Application 2.2: Great Circle Distance Calculations
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 2.1: Do You Really Need Printed Maps in a Digital World?
		How Can Real-World Data Be Translated onto a Two-Dimensional Surface?
			Hands-On Application 2.3: Examining the Effects of Different Map Projections
		What Is UTM?
			Hands-On Application 2.4: Converting from Latitude/Longitude to UTM
		What Is SPCS?
			Hands-On Application 2.5: Using the State Plane Coordinate System
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Projection and Coordinate System Apps
			Coordinate Systems and Projections in Social Media
			Key Terms
		2.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 3: Getting Your Data to Match the Map
		How Can You Align Different Geospatial Datasets to Work Together?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 3.1: What Happens When Measurements Don’t Match Up?
		What Is Georeferencing?
			Hands-On Application 3.1: David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
		How Can Data Be Georeferenced?
			Hands-On Application 3.2: Online Georeferencing Resources
		How Is Data Transformed to a Georeferenced Format?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 3.2: What Happens When the Georeferencing Is Wrong?
			Hands-On Application 3.3: Georeferenced Historical Maps and the Spyglass
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Georeferencing Apps
			Georeferencing in Social Media
			Key Terms
		3.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 4: Finding Your Location with the Global Positioning System
		Who Made GPS?
		What Does the Global Positioning System Consist Of?
		How Does GPS Find Your Position?
			Hands-On Application 4.1: Trilateration Concepts
		Why Isn’t GPS Perfectly Accurate?
		How Can You Get Better Accuracy from GPS?
		What Other GNSS Are There Beyond GPS?
		What Are Some Applications of GPS?
			Hands-On Application 4.2: Things to Do Before You Go Geocaching
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 4.1: What Happens if GPS Stops Working?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			GPS Apps
			GPS and GNSS in Social Media
			Key Terms
		4.1 Geospatial Lab Application
Part 2 Geographic Information Systems
	Chapter 5: Working with Digital Geospatial Data and GIS
		Hands-On Application 5.1: Using GIS Online
		Hands-On Application 5.2: GIS City Maps and Apps
		How Does GIS Represent Real-World Items?
		How Can You Represent the Real World as Continuous Fields?
			Hands-On Application 5.3: The National Map Advanced Viewer
		How Is Non-Spatial Data Handled by GIS?
		What Other Kind of Information Do You Need to Use GIS Data?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 5.1: What Happens When You Don’t Have Metadata?
		What Kinds of GIS Are Available?
			Hands-On Application 5.4: Esri News and Videos
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			GIS Apps
			GIS in Social Media
			Key Terms
		5.1 Geospatial Lab Application
		5.2 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 6: Using GIS for Spatial Analysis
		How Can Data Be Retrieved from a GIS for Analysis?
			Hands-On Application 6.1: Building SQL Queries in GIS
		How Can You Perform Basic Spatial Analysis in GIS?
			Hands-On Application 6.2: Working with Buffers in GIS
		How Can Multiple Types of Spatial Analysis Operations Be Performed in GIS?
			Hands-On Application 6.3: The Land Transformation Model
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 6.1: The Land Transformation Model
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Spatial Analysis Apps
			Spatial Analysis in Social Media
			Key Terms
		6.1 Geospatial Lab Application
		6.2 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 7: Using GIS to Make a Map
		Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 7.1: Why Is Map Design Important?
		How Does the Scale of the Data Affect the Map (and Vice Versa)?
			Hands-On Application 7.1: Powers of 10—A Demonstration of Scale
		What Are Some Design ElementsIncluded in Maps?
		How Is Data Displayed on a GIS Map?
			Hands-On Application 7.2: Presidential Election Thematic Maps
			Hands-On Application 7.3: The Census Data Mapper
		What Kinds of Colors Are Best to Use with GIS Maps?
			Hands-On Application 7.4: ColorBrewer Online
		How Can GIS Maps Be Exported and Distributed?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Cartography Apps
			Cartography in Social Media
			Key Terms
		7.1 Geospatial Lab Application
		7.2 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 8: Getting There More Quickly with Geospatial Technology
		Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 8.1 What Happens When Maps Are Incorrect?
		How Do You Model a Network for Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 8.1: The U.S. Census TIGERweb
		How Is Address Matching Performed?
			Hands-On Application 8.2: Geocoding Using Online Resources
		How Are Shortest Paths Found?
			Hands-On Application 8.3: Online Mapping and Routing Applications and Shortest Paths
			Hands-On Application 8.4: Finding the Best Route for Multiple Stops
		How Are Networks Used in Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 8.5: Examining Google Street View
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 8.2: What Security, Privacy, and Other Issues Does Google Street View Entail?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Geocoding and Shortest Path Apps
			Geocoding and Shortest Paths in Social Media
			Key Terms
		8.1 Geospatial Lab Application
Part 3 Remote Sensing
	Chapter 9: Remotely Sensed Images from Above
		How Did Aircraft Photography Develop?
			Hands-On Application 9.1: World War II Aerial Photography Online
		What Are Unmanned Aircraft Systems?
			Hands-On Application 9.2: No-Fly Zones for UAS
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 9.1: What Is the Difference between Flying a UAS for Commercial Purposes and for Recreational Purposes?
		What Are the Different Types of Aerial Photos?
			Hands-On Application 9.3: Viewing Aerial Photography Online
			Hands-On Application 9.4: Examining CIR Photos
			Hands-On Application 9.5: Oblique Imagery on Bing Maps
		How Can You Interpret Objects in an Aerial Image?
		How Can You Make Measurements from an Aerial Photo?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			UAS Apps
			Aerial Imagery in Social Media
			Key Terms
		9.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 10: How Remote Sensing Works
		Hands-On Application 10.1: Viewing Remotely Sensed Imagery Online
		Hands-On Application 10.2: Viewing Imagery over Time
		What Is Remote Sensing Actually Sensing?
			Hands-On Application 10.3: Wavelengths and the Scale of the Universe
		What Is the Role of the Atmosphere in Remote Sensing?
		What Happens to Energy When It Hitsa Target on the Ground?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 10.1: How Does Remote Sensing Affect Your Privacy?
		How Can Spectral Reflectance Be Used in Remote Sensing?
		How Do You Display a Digital Remotely Sensed Image?
			Hands-On Application 10.4: Color Tools Online: Color Mixing
			Hands-On Application 10.5: Comparing True Color and False Color Composites
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Remote Sensing Apps
			Remote Sensing in Social Media
			Key Terms
		10.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 11: Images from Space
		How Do Remote Sensing Satellites Collect Data?
			Hands-On Application 11.1 Examining Satellite Orbits in Real Time
		What Are the Capabilities of a Satellite Sensor?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 11.1: What Effect Does Satellite Remote Sensing Have on Political Borders?
		What Is a Landsat Satellite, and What Does It Do?
			Hands-On Application 11.2 Viewing Landsat Imagery with LandsatLook Viewer
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 11.2 What Happens if Landsat Imagery Is No Longer Free to Use?
			Hands-On Application 11.3 Google Earth Engine and Applications of Landsat Imagery
			Hands-On Application 11.4 Viewing Sentinel-2 Imagery Online
		What Satellites Have High-Resolution Sensors?
			Hands-On Application 11.5 Viewing High-Resolution Satellite Imagery
		How Can Satellites Be Used for Monitoring Earth?
			Hands-On Application 11.6 Crowdsourcing Satellite Imagery
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Satellite Imagery Apps
			Satellite Imagery in Social Media
			Key Terms
		11.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 12: Studying Earth’s Climate and Environment from Space
		What Satellites and Sensors Are Used for Studying Climate and the Environment?
			Hands-On Application 12.1 NASA’s Earth Observatory
			Hands-On Application 12.2 NASA Eyes on the Earth
		How Is Environmental Monitoring Performed Using Remote Sensing?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 12.1 What if We Lose the Capability for Large-Scale Study and Monitoring of Earth’s Climate and Environment?
			Hands-On Application 12.3 NASA Worldview
			Hands-On Application 12.4 The VIIRS View Spinning Marble
		How Do Satellites Take Earth’s Temperature?
			Hands-On Application 12.5 NASA Global Maps
		How Do Satellites Monitor Earth’s Atmosphere and Air Quality?
		How Do Satellites Monitor the Oceans and Water Quality?
			Hands-On Application 12.6 Examining the State of the Ocean
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Earth-Observing Mission Apps
			Earth-Observing Missions in Social Media
			Key Terms
		12.1 Geospatial Lab Application
Part 4 Geospatial Applications
	Chapter 13: Digital Landscaping
		How Can Terrain Be Represented Using Contours and Topographic Maps?
			Hands-On Application 13.1 The Historical Topographic Map Explorer
			Hands-On Application 13.2 US Topos as GeoPDFs
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 13.1 If Everything’s Digital, Do We Still Need Printed Topographic Maps?
		How Can Geospatial Technology Represent a Digital Terrain Model?
		What Is a DEM?
			Hands-On Application 13.3 U.S. Elevation Data and The National Map
		How Can Digital Terrain Models Be Utilized?
			Hands-On Application 13.4 Terrain and Imagery Examples in Google Earth
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Terrain and Topography Apps
			Digital Terrain in Social Media
			Key Terms
		13.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 14: See the World in 3D
		How Can Objects Be Modeled in 3D Using Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 14.1 SketchUp Free
			Hands-On Application 14.2 Cesium and 3D Maps
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 14.1 What Is the Advantage of Using 3D Design?
		How Can Large-Scale 3D Design Be Performed?
			Hands-On Application 14.3 3D Buildings and Structures in Google Earth
			Hands-On Application 14.4 3D CityEngine Web Scenes
		How Can You View Geospatial Data in Immersive 3D?
			Hands-On Application 14.5 VR Google Earth
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			3D Visualization Apps
			3D Visualization in Social Media
			Key Terms
		14.1 Geospatial Lab Application
	Chapter 15: Life in the Geospatial Cloud and Other Current Developments
		How Is the Cloud Used with Geospatial Technology?
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 15.1 Who Owns Geospatial Data?
		What Is ArcGIS Online?
			Hands-On Application 15.1 The Living Atlas of the World
			Hands-On Application 15.2 Esri Story Maps
		Who Is Involved with Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 15.3 AmericaView and the StateView Programs
		How Is Geospatial Technology Used in K–12 Educational Efforts?
			Hands-On Application 15.4 Educational Resources and Lesson Plans
		What Types of Educational Opportunities Are Available with Geospatial Technology?
			Hands-On Application 15.5 Degree Programs and Certificates for Geospatial Technology
			Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology 15.2 What’s Next for Geospatial Technologies?
		Chapter Wrap-Up
			Geospatial Cloud and Organizational Apps
			Geospatial Organizations and the Geospatial Cloud in Social Media
			Key Terms
		15.1 Geospatial Lab Application
Glossary
Index