Introduction to Formal Logic

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introducing Logic
	1.1: Defining ‘Logic’
	1.2: Logic and Languages
	1.3: A Short History of Logic
	1.4: Separating Premises from Conclusions
	1.5: Validity and Soundness
	Key Terms
Chapter 2 Propositional Logic Syntax and Semantics
	2.1: Logical Operators and Translation
	2.2: Syntax of PL: Wffs and Main Operators
	2.3: Semantics of PL: Truth Functions
	2.4: Truth Tables
	2.5: Classifying Propositions
	2.6: Valid and Invalid Arguments
	2.7: Indirect Truth Tables
	2.8: Notes on Translation with PL
	Key Terms
Chapter 3 Inference in Propositional Logic
	3.1: Rules of Inference 1
	3.2: Rules of Inference 2
	3.3: Rules of Equivalence 1
	3.4: Rules of Equivalence 2
	3.5: Practice with Derivations
	3.6: The Biconditional
	3.7: Conditional Proof
	3.8: Logical Truths
	3.9: Indirect Proof
	3.10: Chapter Review
	Key Terms
Chapter 4 Monadic Predicate Logic
	4.1: Introducing Predicate Logic
	4.2: Translation Using M
	4.3: Syntax for M
	4.4: Derivations in M
	4.5: Quantifier Exchange
	4.6: Conditional and Indirect Proof in M
	4.7: Semantics for M
	4.8: Invalidity in M
	4.9: Notes on Translation with M
	Key Terms
Chapter 5 Full First-Order Logic
	5.1: Translation Using Relational Predicates
	5.2: Syntax, Semantics, and Invalidity in F
	5.3: Derivations in F
	5.4: The Identity Predicate: Translation
	5.5: The Identity Predicate: Derivations
	5.6: Translation with Functions
	5.7: Derivations with Functions
	Key Terms
Appendix A: Fallacies  and Argumentation
Appendix B: The Logical Equivalence of the Rules  of Equivalence
Summary of Rules and Terms
Solutions to Selected Exercises
Glossary/Index