Introduction to Environmental Engineering , Third Edition

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 9
PREFACE......Page 17
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 21
PART ONE: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING......Page 23
CHAPTER ONE: Identifying and Solving Environmental Problems......Page 25
1.1 What is Environmental Engineering?......Page 26
1.2 Case Studies......Page 29
1.3 Sustainability and Cradle-to-Cradle Design......Page 45
PART TWO: FUNDAMENTALS......Page 53
CHAPTER TWO: Engineering Decisions......Page 55
2.1 Decisions Based on Technical Analyses......Page 56
2.2 Decisions Based on Cost-Effectiveness Analyses......Page 57
2.3 Decisions Based on Benefit/Cost Analyses......Page 64
2.4 Decisions Based on Risk Analyses......Page 68
2.5 Decisions Based on Alternatives Assessment......Page 76
2.6 Decisions Based on Environmental Impact Analyses......Page 82
2.7 Decisions Based on Ethical Analyses......Page 90
2.8 Continuity in Engineering Decisions......Page 100
CHAPTER THREE: Engineering Calculations......Page 108
3.1 Engineering Dimensions and Units......Page 109
3.2 Approximations in Engineering Calculations......Page 115
3.3 Information Analysis......Page 118
CHAPTER FOUR: Material Balances and Separations......Page 132
4.1 Material Balances with a Single Material......Page 133
4.2 Material Balances with Multiple Materials......Page 144
4.3 Material Balances with Reactors......Page 161
CHAPTER FIVE: Reactions......Page 173
5.1 Zero-Order Reactions......Page 175
5.2 First-Order Reactions......Page 177
5.3 Second-Order and Noninteger-Order Reactions......Page 182
5.5 Consecutive Reactions......Page 183
CHAPTER SIX: Reactors......Page 187
6.1 Mixing Model......Page 188
6.2 Reactor Models......Page 199
CHAPTER SEVEN: Energy Flows and Balances......Page 212
7.1 Units of Measure......Page 213
7.2 Energy Balances and Conversion......Page 214
7.3 Energy Sources and Availability......Page 220
CHAPTER EIGHT: Ecosystems......Page 232
8.1 Energy and Material Flows in Ecosystems......Page 233
8.2 Human Influence on Ecosystems......Page 242
PART THREE: APPLICATIONS......Page 263
CHAPTER NINE: Water Quality......Page 265
9.1 Measures of Water Quality......Page 266
9.2 Assessing Water Quality......Page 292
9.3 Water Quality Standards......Page 295
CHAPTER TEN: Water Supply and Treatment......Page 303
10.1 The Hydrologic Cycle and Water Availability......Page 304
10.2 Water Treatment......Page 316
10.3 Distribution of Water......Page 357
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Wastewater Treatment......Page 364
11.1 Wastewater......Page 365
11.2 Preliminary and Primary Treatment......Page 369
11.3 Secondary Treatment......Page 376
11.4 Tertiary Treatment......Page 401
11.5 Sludge Treatment and Disposal......Page 407
11.6 Selection of Treatment Strategies......Page 422
CHAPTER TWELVE: Air Quality......Page 431
12.1 Meteorology and Air Movement......Page 432
12.2 Major Air Pollutants......Page 437
12.3 Sources and Effects of Air Pollution......Page 445
12.4 Air Quality Standards......Page 468
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Air Quality Control......Page 476
13.1 Treatment of Emissions......Page 477
13.2 Dispersion of Air Pollutants......Page 487
13.3 Control of Moving Sources......Page 494
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Solid Waste......Page 502
14.1 Collection of Refuse......Page 503
14.2 Generation of Refuse......Page 508
14.3 Reuse and Recycling of Materials from Refuse......Page 511
14.4 Combustion of Refuse......Page 518
14.5 Ultimate Disposal of Refuse: Sanitary Landfills......Page 523
14.6 Reducing the Generation of Refuse: Source Reduction......Page 527
14.7 Integrated Solid Waste Management......Page 531
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Hazardous Waste......Page 540
15.1 Defining Hazardous Waste......Page 541
15.2 Hazardous Waste Management......Page 548
15.3 Radioactive Waste Management......Page 556
15.4 Sustainable Materials Management......Page 563
15.5 Hazardous Waste Management and Future Generations......Page 574
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Noise Pollution......Page 581
16.1 Sound......Page 582
16.2 Measurement of Sound......Page 587
16.3 Effect of Noise on Human Health......Page 590
16.4 Noise Abatement......Page 591
16.5 Noise Control......Page 594
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Ethics of Green Engineering......Page 601
17.2 Motivations for Practicing Green Engineering......Page 602
17.3 Conclusions......Page 608
INDEX......Page 611