Introduction to Clinical Psychology: Science, Practice, and Ethics

Cover
Title Page
Dedication
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Part One Introduction and Foundations
	1 Definition and Training
		Definition
		Characteristics of Clinical Psychology
			Emphasis on Science
			Emphasis on Maladjustment
			Emphasis on the Individual
			Emphasis on Helping
		Activities and Work Settings of Clinical Psychologists
			Research
			Teaching
			Psychotherapy
			Assessment
			Consultation
			Administration
		Distinguishing Clinical Psychology from Related Professions
			Psychiatry
			Counseling Psychology
			School Psychology
			Social Work
			Other Related Professions
		Training in Clinical Psychology
		Undergraduate Preparation
		Graduate Training
		Post-Doctoral Training
		Continuing Professional Education in Psychology
		Ethics and the Development of a Clinical Psychologist
	2 History and Recent Developments
		Ancient Roots
		Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: Laying the Groundwork for Clinical Psychology
			Understanding of Mental Disorders
			Measurement of Individual Differences
			Emergence of Scientific Psychiatry
			Hysteria and the Ascendance of Psychological Determinism
		The Birth of a Discipline: 1890–1910
		Childhood: World War I through World War II
			Assessment
			Theory
			Professional Developments
		Adolescence: Post WWII and the Development of an Identity
		Adulthood: Milestones and Growing Pains
			Training
			Psychotherapy
			Psychological Testing
			Professional Practice
			Specialization
			Growth
		Concluding Remarks
	3 Psychological Models in Clinical Psychology
		The Role of Theoretical Models
			How Models Help
			Dangers of Models
		Psychoanalysis
			Development
			Key Assumptions
			Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Current Status
		Interpersonal Models
			Development
			Key Assumptions
			Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Current Status
		Humanism
			Development
			Key Assumptions
			Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Current Status
		The Behavioral Model
			Development
			Key Assumptions
			Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Current Status
		The Cognitive Model
			Development
			Key Assumptions
			Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Current Status
	4 Biological Models in Clinical Psychology
		Development
			Electricity and the Nervous System
			Phrenology
			The Case of Phineas Gage
		Key Assumptions
			The Brain and the Nervous System
			Brain Structure and Function
			Behavioral Genetics
			Family, Twin, and Adoption Studies
		Influences on Clinical Psychology
			Medical Imaging Techniques
		Current Status
			Integrating Biological and Psychological Models
			Biological and Behavioral Processes
Part Two Psychological Assessment
	5 General Issues in Psychological Assessment
		Stage I: Planning the Assessment
			Classification
			Description
			Prediction
		Stage II: Data Collection
		Stage III: Processing Assessment Data
			Clinical Judgment
			Computer-Assisted Assessment
		Stage IV: Communicating Assessment Findings
			Goals
			Writing Style
			Organization of the Report
		Concluding Comment: Testing versus Assessment
	6 Clinical Interviewing
		Types of Clinical Interviews
			Intake
			Case History
			Diagnostic
			Mental Status Exam
			Crisis
		The Importance of Rapport
		Communication Strategies
			Verbal Strategies
			Nonverbal Strategies
			Listening Skills
		Diagnostic Interviewing
			Structured Interviews
			Research on Diagnostic Interviewing
		Interviewing with Children
			Developmental Considerations
			Interview Techniques
		Issues of Cultural Diversity in Clinical Interviewing
	7 Intellectual and Educational Assessment
		Intelligence
			Definition
			Theories of Intelligence
			Measurement
		Interpretation of Individually Administered Tests of Intelligence
		Screening Measures
		Issues and Controversies
			Correlates of IQ
			Heritability of IQ
			Malleability of IQ
			Intellience over the Life Span
		Educational Assessment
			Tests of Aptitude and Test of Achievement
			Tests of Aptitude
			Tests of Achievement
			Learning Disabilities
	8 Personality Assessment
		Projective Methods
			Rorschach
			Thematic Apperception Test
			Projective Drawings
		Objective Methods
			MMPI/MMPI-2/MMPI-A
			The Millon Scales
			NEO-Personality Inventory
		The Place of Personality Assessment in Contemporary Clinical Psychology
	9 Behavioral Assessment
		Conceptual Basis
		Typical Procedures
		Traditional Approaches to Assessment
			Syndrome-Based Diagnosis
			Empirically Based (Dimensional) Classification
			Traditional Psychodynamic Approaches
		Defining Features of Behavioral Assessment
			Development of Behavioral Assessment
			Current Views
		Functional Analysis
			Problem Description
			Identifying Controlling Variables
			Adaptive Significance of the Problem Behavior
			Selection of Treatment
			Evaluation of Treatment Progress and Outcome
		Behavioral Assessment Methods
			Behavioral Interviews
			Structured Interviews
			Questionnaires
			Behavior Rating Scales
			Analogue Techniques
			Self-Monitoring
			Direct Observation
			Psychophysiological Recording Methods
		Assessment of Dysfunctional Cognitions
			Self-Statements
			Automatic Thoughts and Cognitive Schemas
			Irrational Beliefs
Part Three Intervention
	10 Psychotherapy: Research Issues and Efficacy
		What Is Psychotherapy?
			The Psychotherapy Client
			The Psychotherapist
			The Psychotherapy Relationship
		Research Issues
			Goals of Psychotherapy Research
			Psychotherapy Research Studies
			Psychotherapy Research Designs
			Analogue Research
			Validity of Psychotherapy Research
		Does Psychotherapy Work?
			Eysenck’s Challenge and Meta-Analysis
			Empirically Supported Treatments
			Efficacy versus Effective Research
			Are All Psychotherapies the Same?
		Concluding Comments
	11 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
		Psychoanalysis
			Background and Basic Principles
			The Technique of Freudian Analysis
			The Course of a Therapeutic Analysis
		Psychoanalytic Theory since Freud
			Carl Jung’s Analytical Psychotherapy
			Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology
			The Neo-Freudians
			The Ego Psychologists
			The Object Relations Theorists
			Brief Psychodynamic Theory
			Interpersonal Psychotherapy
		The Place of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in Contemporary Clinical Psychology
	12 Humanistic, Experiential, and Family Therapies
		Humanistic Psychotherapy
			Existential Psychotherapies
			Gestalt Therapy
			Client-Centered Therapy
		Eclectic Treatment Combinations
			A Three-Stage Model of Helping
			Process-Experiential Therapy
		Family Therapy
			Systems Perspective
			Development of Family Therapy
			Schools of Family Therapy
			Criticisms
		Group Therapy
			Group Analytic Psychotherapy
			Behavior Therapy in Groups
			Humanistic Group Therapy
			Common Features of Group Therapy
	13 Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
		Behavior Therapy Techniques
			Anxiety-Reduction Methods
			Operant Learning Techniques
			Applied Behavior Analysis
			Social Skills and Problem-Solving Training
		Cognitive Modification Procedures
			Cognitive-Behavior Modification
			Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy
			Cognitive Therapy
			Cognitive Restructuring
			Coping and Problem Solving
		Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Specific Applications
			Panic Disorder
			Phobias
			Generalized Anxiety Disorder
			Conditioning Theories of Anxiety
			Cognitive Theories of Anxiety
			Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
		Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Holistic Approaches
Part Four Specializations in Clinical Psychology
	14 Clinical Neuropsychology
		Discovering Brain-Behavior Relationships: A Brief History
		Development of Clinical Neuropsychology
		A Map of the Human Brain: Structure and Function
		Causes of Brain Dysfunction
			Trauma
			Cerebrovascular Disease
			Degenerative Diseases
			Tumors
			Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Nutritional Deficits
		Clinical Neuropsychology as a Specialty Area
		Neuropsychological Assessment
			Comprehensive Batteries
			Individualized Neuropsychological Assessment
			Putting It All Together
		Rehabilitation
		Training and Certification
	15 Clinical Health Psychology
		Definitions
		Models of Illness and Health
			Biopsychosocial Model
		Clinical Health Psychology: A Brief History
		Prevention and Health Promotion
			Stress and Illness
			Behavior and Health
		Illness
			Diabetes Mellitus
			Headache
			Cancer
		Training and Certification in Health Psychology
		Career Opportunities in Clinical Psychology
	16 Forensic Psychology
		Definitions
		Psychology and Law: A Wary Alliance
		Expert Witnesses
		Psychology and Criminal Law
			Competence to Stand Trial
			Other Competencies in the Criminal Process
			The Insanity Defense
			Sentencing
		Civil Commitment
			Civil Commitment Laws
			Civil Commitment Procedures
		Child Abuse and Neglect
		Child Custody in Divorce
		The Power and Perils of Testifying in Court
		Training and Certification in Forensic Psychology
Epilogue: Conclusions and Future Directions
	Emphases in Clinical Psychology: A Review
		Emphasis on Science
		Emphasis on Maladjustment
		Emphasis on the Individual
		Emphasis on Helping
	Future Directions
		Increased Specialization
		Decrease in Adherence to Theoretical Models
		Splitting of Science and Practice
		Shrinking Psychotherapy Market
	Concluding Comment: A Focus on Ethics
Appendix A: American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct
Appendix B: A Review of Statistical and Psychometric Concepts
References
Index