Introduction to Antenna Analysis Using EM Simulators With DVD ROM (Artech House Microwave Library)

CONTENTS......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
1.1.1 Circuit with Two Parallel Lines......Page 16
1.1.3 Antennas at the Edge of a Substrate......Page 17
1.2 Just Exactly What Is the Antenna?......Page 18
1.2.1 Television Antennas......Page 19
1.2.2 Antenna in a Radio-Synchronized Clock......Page 20
1.2.3 Is the Coil of a Radio-Synchronized Clock an Antenna?......Page 21
1.3.1 The Yagi Antenna......Page 22
1.3.2 Electromagnetic Simulation for Antennas......Page 24
1.3.3 Fundamental Forms of Antennas......Page 40
1.4.1 Boundary Between Near Field and Far Field......Page 44
2.1.2 Hertz’s Receiving Equipment......Page 46
2.1.3 Simulation of Hertz’s Transmitting Equipment......Page 48
2.1.4 Transforming Parallel Plate Capacitors into Antennas......Page 51
2.1.5 Simulation of Hertz’s Receiving Equipment......Page 52
2.1.6 Experiments by Dr. Nagaoka......Page 55
2.2 The Development of Various Antennas......Page 56
2.2.1 Appearance of Marconi......Page 57
2.2.2 History of Ungrounded Antennas......Page 58
2.2.3 Aperture Antennas......Page 59
2.2.4 The Role of Ground......Page 61
2.3.2 Radiation from a Dipole Antenna......Page 65
2.3.3 Magnetic Field Near the Dipole Antenna......Page 67
2.3.4 Electromagnetic Field and the Electromagnetic Wave......Page 68
2.3.5 Difficulty of Near-Field Problems......Page 69
2.4.1 Antennas on PCB......Page 70
2.4.2 Antennas Created by Using EM Simulators......Page 71
2.4.3 Design of Electric Field Detection Type Antennas......Page 72
2.4.4 Simulation of a Small Loop for an Integrated
Circuit Tag Antenna......Page 73
3.1.1 Standing Wave on a Linear Dipole Antenna......Page 78
3.1.3 A Dipole Antenna on a Substrate......Page 80
3.1.4 Parameterization......Page 81
3.1.5 Examining the Impedance......Page 84
3.2.1 Simulation for a Quad Antenna......Page 86
3.2.2 What Is a Magnetic Loop Antenna?......Page 87
3.2.3 Simulation of the Small Loop Antenna......Page 90
3.2.4 Matching the Small Loop to 50Ω......Page 92
3.3.1 Fundamentals of a Reflector......Page 94
3.3.2 Fundamentals of a Director......Page 96
3.3.3 Simulation of the Yagi-Uda Antenna......Page 97
3.4.1 A 50-Ohm Dipole Antenna......Page 103
3.4.2 What is a BALUN?......Page 105
3.4.3 What is the Matched Load?......Page 107
3.5 Instruments for Measurement of Input Impedance......Page 108
4.1.2 Wavelength Shortening Effect of Dielectrics......Page 112
4.1.3 Investigating Wavelength Shortening Effect in
an MSL......Page 115
4.2 Fundamentals of an Inverted L Antenna......Page 117
4.2.1 What Is an Inverted L Antenna?......Page 118
4.3 Fundamentals of a Patch Antenna......Page 124
4.3.1 A Patch Antenna for Global Positioning Systems......Page 125
4.3.2 Electromagnetic Field Around a Patch Antenna......Page 126
4.3.3 Determining Dimensions of a Patch Antenna......Page 129
4.3.4 A Patch Antenna on a Substrate......Page 132
4.3.5 Matching Method 1......Page 134
4.3.6 Fine Adjustment of a Feed Point......Page 137
4.3.7 Matching Method 2......Page 139
4.4 Effects of Dielectric Materials......Page 142
4.4.1 Effective Permittivity of Microstrip Lines......Page 144
4.5 Effect of Magnetic Materials......Page 146
4.5.1 Characteristics of Magnetic Materials......Page 147
5.1.1 Two Parallel Lines Turn into Antennas......Page 148
5.1.3 Conditions for a Pure Traveling Wave......Page 151
5.2.1 The Tapered Slot Antenna......Page 154
5.3 Fundamentals of a Bow Tie Antenna......Page 158
5.3.2 Finite Length Biconical Antenna......Page 159
5.3.3 The Impact of Truncating a Traveling Wave Antenna......Page 161
5.3.4 Simulation of a Bow Tie Antenna......Page 162
5.3.5 Skeleton-Type Bow Tie Antenna......Page 163
5.3.6 A Thinner Element Frame......Page 166
5.3.7 Miniaturization Using Triangular Antennas......Page 169
5.3.8 Flare Angle and Bandwidth......Page 173
5.3.9 A Thin Element Triangular Antenna......Page 174
6.1.1 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction......Page 178
6.1.2 Self-Inductance of a Coil......Page 179
6.1.4 Coupling Coefficient Between Reader–Writer’s
Coil and the Tag Coil......Page 181
6.1.5 Finding the Coupling Coefficient κ Using
Sonnet Lite......Page 183
6.1.6 13.56-MHz Antenna (Coil)......Page 184
6.2.1 Application of an RFID Tag......Page 188
6.2.2 Half-Wavelength Dipole Antenna for the UHF Band......Page 189
6.2.3 Broadband Techniques......Page 190
6.2.4 Changing the Element Location......Page 193
6.3.1 UHF RFID Tags......Page 197
6.3.2 Buddhist Cross-Shaped RFID Tag......Page 199
6.4 Radiation of Circular Polarization from Patch
Antenna......Page 200
6.4.2 Right-Handed and Left-Handed Polarization......Page 201
6.5 Prediction of Communication Distance......Page 202
6.5.1 Communication Distance of UHF RFID Tags......Page 203
7.1.1 Definition of Radiation Efficiency......Page 206
7.1.2 Measuring Radiation Efficiency......Page 207
7.1.3 A Method for Calculating Efficiency Using EM
Simulators......Page 209
7.1.4 Radiation Efficiency of Patch Antennas......Page 211
7.2 Antenna Gain......Page 214
7.2.1 Definition of Antenna Gain......Page 215
7.2.2 What Is the Actual Gain?......Page 217
7.2.3 Measuring the Antenna Gain......Page 218
7.2.4 Does Higher Gain Mean Higher Performance?......Page 219
7.2.5 How a Reflector Influences Directivity......Page 221
7.2.6 Standing Waves Between Two Metal Walls......Page 223
7.3.1 Definition of the Bandwidth......Page 224
7.3.2 Design of a Wideband Dipole Antenna......Page 226
7.3.3 A Wideband Patch Antenna......Page 228
7.3.4 Wideband Double Patch......Page 230
7.3.5 Parallel Configuration of Patch Antennas......Page 233
7.3.6 Wideband Short-Circuit Patch Antenna......Page 237
7.4.1 Small Antennas and Three Parameters......Page 241
8.1.1 What Is a Pulse Excitation?......Page 242
8.1.2 Log-Periodic Antennas......Page 244
8.1.3 Design Example of a Log-Periodic Antenna......Page 245
8.1.4 Self-Complementary Antennas......Page 246
8.1.5 Unbalanced Half-Trapezoid Dipole Antenna......Page 249
8.2.1 Dipole Antenna with Mesh Elements......Page 254
8.2.2 An Embedded Antenna for Receiving Digital
Terrestrial Television......Page 256
8.3.1 Meander Line Monopole Antenna......Page 259
8.3.2 Meander Line Monopole Antenna with Ground
Conductor......Page 260
8.3.4 Influence of Surrounding Dielectric Objects......Page 265
8.3.5 Design of Matching Circuits......Page 267
8.4.1 Input Impedance of Integrated Circuits......Page 271
8.4.2 Matching Method for IC Including Reactance......Page 272
8.4.3 Changing the Shape of Dipole Elements to Achieve
a Match......Page 273
8.5.1 Small Embedded Antennas Have a Bright Future......Page 276
Appendix......Page 280
About the Authors......Page 282
Index......Page 284