Introduction to Adsorption, Basics, Analysis, and Applications

Cover......Page 1
Front Matter......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Adsorption Versus Absorption......Page 8
Adsorption Versus Deep-Bed Filtration......Page 10
Operation Modes of Adsorption Processes......Page 11
References......Page 13
Adsorbents......Page 14
Adsorbent Materials......Page 15
Adsorption Equilibrium......Page 16
Adsorbent Characteristics......Page 17
Adsorbent Selection......Page 20
Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 24
Batch Adsorption......Page 25
References......Page 28
Adsorption Equilibrium Relationships, Isotherm Expressions, Their Determinations, and Predictions......Page 29
Pure Gas Adsorption Equilibrium......Page 32
Isotherm Expression Derived from Adsorption Thermodynamics......Page 34
The Langmuir Equation......Page 36
The BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) Isotherm Equation......Page 37
Isotherm Equations Based on the Potential Theory of Adsorption......Page 43
Other Isotherm Equations......Page 46
Representation of Adsorption Equilibrium Relationship by Separation Factor......Page 49
Adsorption of Gas Mixtures......Page 50
Extension of the Langmuir Equation to Multicomponent Adsorption......Page 51
The Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory......Page 52
Application of the Potential Theory for Calculations of Adsorption Equilibrium of Gas Mixtures......Page 56
Characteristics of Adsorption from Liquid Solution......Page 58
The Potential Theory of Adsorption from Solutions of Nonelectrolytes......Page 62
Extension of the IAS Theory for Calculating Multisolute Adsorption from Dilute Aqueous Solutions......Page 65
Selection of Isotherm Expression and Objective Function......Page 71
For adsorption from dilute liquid solutions of a single solute......Page 72
Least-Square Regression......Page 73
Effect of Linearization of Isotherm Expressions on Data Fitting......Page 78
Mistakes in Recent Adsorption Publications......Page 79
Prediction of Adsorption Isotherm......Page 80
Prediction of Pure Gas Adsorption Isotherm......Page 81
Empirical Correlations of the Henry Constant and Freundlich isotherm parameters......Page 84
Estimation of the Henry constant from the octanol-water partition coefficient......Page 86
Is There Equivalence Between Adsorption Isotherm and Ion Exchange Equilibrium Constant?......Page 89
References......Page 90
Further Reading......Page 91
Adsorbate Uptake and Equations Describing Adsorption Processes......Page 92
External Mass Transfer......Page 94
Intrapellet Mass Transfer......Page 95
External Mass Transfer Coefficients of Fixed (Packed) Beds......Page 98
External Mass Transfer Coefficient of Agitated Vessels......Page 102
Gases......Page 106
Pore Diffusion Coefficient, Dp......Page 107
Macroscopic Conservation Equation of Fluid Phase......Page 109
Batch Adsorption With Sufficient Agitation......Page 110
Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 111
Equations Describing Adsorbate Uptake by Adsorbent Pellet......Page 113
Governing Equations of Adsorption Processes-Adsorption Performance Models......Page 120
References......Page 122
Batch Adsorption Models and Model Applications......Page 124
Single Species Batch Adsorption of Systems with Linear Adsorption Equilibrium Relationship and Adsorbate Uptake Cont .........Page 125
Batch Adsorption of Infinite Bath......Page 126
Finite Bath Batch Adsorption......Page 131
Applications of Linear System Results......Page 133
The Model......Page 139
Adsorbate Uptake by a Single Mechanism......Page 144
The Concept of Pseudo Reaction Rate Constant......Page 145
A Special Case of the Mao et al. Model......Page 146
Model Applications, Identification of Adsorbate Uptake Mechanism and Determination of Rate Parameters......Page 147
The Models......Page 152
Theoretical Significance of Models......Page 153
References......Page 158
Fixed-Bed Adsorption Models and Fixed-Bed Design Calculations......Page 159
Terminologies of Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 163
The Model......Page 164
Extension of the Thomas Solution to Include Mass Transfer Effect......Page 169
Linear Isotherm Case, or r=1......Page 170
The Bohart-Adams Model, or r=0......Page 172
The Yoon-Nelson Model (Yoon and Nelson, 1984)......Page 173
Prediction of Adsorption Performance......Page 175
Determination of Adsorbate Uptake Rate Parameters/Uptake Mechanisms......Page 176
Constant Pattern Behavior of Breakthrough Curve of Fixed-Bed Adsorption......Page 181
Physical Significance of Constant Pattern Behavior......Page 182
Determination of Adsorption Zone Height......Page 185
Adsorbate Concentration Distribution and Breakthrough Curve Determination......Page 188
Estimation of Breakthrough Time and Calculation of Required Bed Height......Page 189
Calculation Based on the Degree of Saturation of Adsorbents......Page 198
Calculation Based on the Length of Unused Bed Concept......Page 199
The Bed Depth-Service Time Method......Page 201
References......Page 202
F......Page 204
Y......Page 205