Intraoperative neurophysiology : a comprehensive guide to monitoring and mapping

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Share Intraoperative Neurophysiology: A Comprehensive Guide to Monitoring and Mapping, Second Edition
Part I: The Basics
	Chapter 1: Neurophysiologic Tests in the Operating Room
		I. Introduction
		II. Electroencephalogram
		III. Short-Latency Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs)
		IV. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
		V. Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs)
		VI. Free-Run and Triggered EMG (fEMG and tEMG)
		VII. Nerve-to-Nerve Recordings (NAPs)
		VIII. Combinations of Tests
		IX. Safety Issues
		References
	Chapter 2: Anesthesia and Intraoperative Neurophysiology
		I. Introduction
		II. General Effects of  Anesthetics on Neurophysiologic Tests
		III. Anesthetic Agents and Their Specific Effects on Neurophysiologic Tests
		IV. Assessing the Depth of Anesthesia
		V. The Concept of Anesthetic Fade
		VI. Physiological Parameters and Their Impact on Neurophysiologic Tests
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 3: The Trouble of Troubleshooting
		I. Introduction
		II. Troubleshooting Electrodes
		III. System Settings, Software, and Hardware
		IV. 60 Hz and Related Noise
		Conclusions
		References
Part II: Cerebrum
	Chapter 4: EEG Monitoring During Carotid Endarterectomy
		I. Introduction
		II. Surgical Techniques for CEA
		III. Principles for Monitoring of Carotid Endarterectomies
		IV. Methods
		V. Interpretation
		References
	Chapter 5: Neurophysiologic Monitoring During Cardiac and Thoracic Aortic Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. Neurologic Complications
		III. Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
		IV. Cerebral Neuroprotection
		V. Neurophysiologic Monitoring
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 6: Intraoperative Electrocorticography in Epilepsy Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. Historical Perspective
		III. The Controversial Role of ECoG in Epilepsy Surgery
		IV. Indications
		V. Methodology
		VI. Interpretation
		VII. Anesthesia Considerations
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 7: Electrocorticography in Nonepilepsy Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. Indications
		III. Methodology
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8: An Introduction to Functional Mapping
		I. Maximal Resection
		II. Maximal Safe Resection: Functional Mapping Methods
		References
	Chapter 8A: Mapping and Monitoring of Motor and Primary Somatosensory Functions
		I. Functional Anatomy
		II. Central Sulcus Localization
		III. Motor Mapping and Monitoring via Electrical Stimulation
		IV. Primary Somatosensory Function Mapping and Monitoring
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8B: Mapping and Monitoring of Language and Parietal Functions
		I. Introduction
		II. Anatomy of Language and Parietal Functions
		III. Planning
		IV. Methodology
		V. Performing the Procedure and Interpreting the Results
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8C: Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping of the Visual Pathways
		I. Introduction
		II. Anatomy of Visual Pathways
		III. Monitoring
		IV. Mapping the Visual Pathways
		V. Anesthesia Considerations
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 9: Surgical Clipping of Cerebral Aneurysms: General Surgical Approach and the Role of Neuromonitoring
		I. Introduction
		II. Operative Approach, Critical Steps, and the Role of IOM
		III. Assessing the Adequacy of Blood Flow and of Aneurysmal Clipping
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Deep Brain Stimulation
		I. Introduction
		II. Methodology: General Approach
		III. Subthalamic Nucleus
		IV. Globus Pallidus Internus
		V. Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus
		Conclusions
		References
Part III: Brainstem
	Chapter 11: Neurophysiologic Mapping and Monitoring of Cranial Nerves and Brainstem
		I. Introduction
		II. Anatomy and Pathophysiology
		III. Techniques
		IV. Anesthesia Considerations
		V. Safety Considerations
		VI. Applications
		VII. Limitations
		VIII. Future Directions
		Conclusions
		References
Part IV: Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots
	Chapter 12: Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Resection
		I. Introduction
		II. The Role of Intraoperative Neurophysiology
		III. A Historical Perspective
		IV. Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping: A Step-by-Step Approach
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 13: Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Resection
		I. Introduction
		II. IDEM Tumors
		III. Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of IDEM Tumors
		IV. Postoperative Complications and Outcome
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 14: Decompressive Surgery of the Spine
		I. Introduction
		II. Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring: A Step-by-Step Approach
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 15: Spine Deformity Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. Surgical Indications
		III. The Nuts and Bolts of Deformity Surgery
		IV. The Role of Intraoperative Neurophysiology
		V. Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring: A Step-by-Step Approach
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 16: Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring in Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair
		I. Introduction
		II. The Vascularization of the Spinal Cord
		III. Operative Techniques
		IV. Delayed Neurological Events and Surgical Outcomes
		Conclusions
		References
Part V: Peripheral Nerve
	Chapter 17: Intraoperative Neurophysiology in Peripheral Nerve Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. The Main Roles of Intraoperative Neurophysiology
		III. Types of Nerve Injury Based on the Extent of Structural Damage and Mechanisms of Occurrence
		IV. Surgical Management of Posttraumatic Nerve Injury
		V. Nerve Tumor Surgery
		VI. Minimally Invasive Surgery
		VII. Examples of Common Clinical Scenarios
		VIII. Anesthesia Considerations
		Conclusions
		References
Part VI: Special Topics
	Chapter 18: Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping in Pediatric Population
		I. Introduction
		II. Development and Maturation of the Nervous System Pathways
		III. Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping Techniques
		IV. IONM and Anesthetic Considerations in Pediatric Population
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 19: Preoperative Functional Mapping for Epilepsy Surgery
		I. Introduction
		II. Historical Perspective
		III. Methodology
		IV. Procedure and Results
		V. Functional Mapping
		VI. Pediatric Functional Mapping
		VII. Safety Concerns
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 20: Questions and Answers
		Questions
		Answers
Index