Internet of Things: 5th The Global IoT Summit, GIoTS 2022, Dublin, Ireland, June 20–23, 2022, Revised Selected Papers

Preface
Organization
Contents
IoT Enabling Technologies
Overview of Drone Communication Requirements in 5G
	1 Introduction
	2 Applications of Drones
	3 Essential Parameters for Drone Communication and Navigation
		3.1 Government Rules and Regulations
		3.2 Technical Parameters
		3.3 3GPP Vision
	4 Related Work
	5 Role of 5G in Drone Applications
	6 Conclusion
	References
Accurate Indoor Positioning Based on Beacon Weighting Using RSSI
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Studies
	3 Proposed Method
	4 Implementation and Experimentation
	5 Results and Evaluation
	6 Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Adaptive Data-Driven Routing for Edge-to-Cloud Continuum: A Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Adaptive Data-Driven Routing Architecture for the ECC
		3.1 ECC Topology Setup
		3.2 Data Routing Mechanism
	4 Content-Based Publish/Subscribe for Adaptive Data-Driven Routing
	5 Case Study: Federated Learning for Digital Twins
	6 Evaluation Study
		6.1 Performance Evaluation Scenarios
		6.2 Evaluation Results
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Online Decentralized Frank-Wolfe: From Theoretical Bound to Applications in Smart-Building
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Our Contribution
		1.2 Related Work
	2 Conditional Gradient Based Algorithm
		2.1 Preliminaries and Notations
		2.2 An Algorithm with Exact Gradients
		2.3 Algorithm with Stochastic Gradients
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Prediction Performance
		3.2 Effect of Network Topology
		3.3 Effect of Decentralization
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
IntellIoT: Intelligent IoT Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Next Generation IoT Use Cases
		2.1 Autonomous Operation of Agriculture Vehicle Fleets
		2.2 Collaborative Intelligence for Remote Patient Monitoring
		2.3 Autonomous Collaboration of Production Machines
	3 A Next Generation IoT Framework: The IntellIoT Approach
		3.1 Distributed, Self-aware, Semi-autonomous IoT Applications
		3.2 Autonomy Defined by a Human-in-the-Loop
		3.3 Efficient, Reliable and Trustworthy Computation and Communication Infrastructure
		3.4 Bringing All Together - The IntellIoT High-Level Architecture
	4 State of the Art and Research Challenges
		4.1 Autonomy and Distributed Intelligence
		4.2 Next Generation IoT Computation and Communication Infrastructure
		4.3 Humans and Trust in Intelligent IoT
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
An Interoperable Framework for Heterogeneous IoT infrastructure to Unlock Data Value
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Proposed Framework Architecture
	4 Data Model
		4.1 Devices Information Model
		4.2 Interface Model
		4.3 OPC-UA Interfaces ObjectType for Sensor Device
	5 Provisioning Server for Fixable Device Connectivity
	6 Conclusion
	References
Task Offloading in Computing Continuum Using Collaborative Reinforcement Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Task Assignment Problem
		3.1 System Model
		3.2 Problem Definition
	4 RL-Based Task Offloading Algorithm
	5 Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Methodology
		5.2 Experiment Setup
		5.3 Metrics
		5.4 Compared Methods
		5.5 Experimental Results and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Assessing Efficiency Benefits of Edge Intelligence
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Devices, Models, and Frameworks
		2.2 Power and Energy Measurements
		2.3 Recognition Gradient
	3 Results
		3.1 Energy and Accuracy
		3.2 Energy-Precision Ratio
		3.3 Recognition Efficiency
		3.4 Cloud-Centric and Federated Learning
		3.5 Life Cycle Aspects
	4 Discussion, Summary, and Outlook
		4.1 Discussion
		4.2 Summary and Outlook
	References
IoT Applications, Services and Real Implementations
A Smart IoT Gateway Capable of Prescreening for Atrial Fibrillation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Existing Techniques for AF Detection
	2 Data Preparation
		2.1 Data Source
		2.2 Prepossessing
	3 Deep Learning Models
		3.1 Development
		3.2 Deployment
		3.3 Gateway
	4 Results
	5 Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Internet of Things with Web Technologies Solution for Flood Notification in São Paulo
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 System Architecture
		3.1 API, Sensors, and Web Server
		3.2 Notifications Web Application
		3.3 Public Website
		3.4 Administrative Web Interface
	4 Results
	5 Future Work
	References
Wi-Monitor: Wi-Fi Channel State Information-Based Crowd Counting with Lightweight and Low-Cost IoT Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
		2.1 CSI-Based Crowd Counting
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Problems
	4 System Design
		4.1 CSI Data Extraction
		4.2 Noise Removal
		4.3 DNN Model Building
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Scenario 1: In a Corridor
		5.2 Scenario 2: In a Meeting Room
		5.3 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of a Next-Generation Interoperable Cognitive Port Solution
	1 Introduction
	2 Context, Motivation and Related Work
	3 Design of the Proposed Solution
		3.1 Data Access Component
		3.2 Data Processing Services
		3.3 Data Analytics Services and Cognitive Applications
	4 Use Case Driven Validation
		4.1 Provision of Data
		4.2 Data Analytics
	5 Future Work and Conclusions
	References
Conceptual Framework of Contact-Less Consumer Products Industry During and Post-pandemic Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Framework of Contact-Less Consumer Products Industry
		2.1 Physical Layer
		2.2 Digital Twins Layer
		2.3 Industrial Technologies Layer
		2.4 Contact-Less Remote Applications Layer
	3 Contact-Less Delivery Service for Consumer Products Industry During and Post-pandemic Era
	4 Open Challenges and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Blockchain for Economy of Scale in Wind Industry: A Demo Case
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Fastener Lifecycle: Events and Data-Points in the Blockchain
	2 Business and Sustainability Implications of Blockchain Technology in Large Scale Wind Turbine Setups
	3 Realization of Demonstrator in Controlled Environment
		3.1 Overall High-Level Architecture
		3.2 Demonstrator Realization and Code Snippet
	4 Conclusions
	References
Sleep Stage Detection on a Wearable Headband Using Deep Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Experimental Setup
	4 Sleep Stage Detection Model
		4.1 Data Preprocessing
		4.2 Deep Learning Model
		4.3 Model Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study on Energy Consumption Models for Drones
	1 Introduction
	2 Background: Drone Power Models
		2.1 D'Andrea Energy Model
		2.2 Dorling et al. Energy Model
		2.3 Stolaroff et al. Energy Model
		2.4 Kirchstein Energy Model
		2.5 Tseng Energy Model
	3 Data-Driven Model and Proposed LSTM Architecture
		3.1 Problem Statement
		3.2 Experimental Dataset
		3.3 System Architecture
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Evaluation
		4.2 Sensitivity Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
ConQeng: A Middleware for Quality of Context Aware Selection, Measurement and Validation
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivating Scenario
	3 Related Work
	4 ConQeng's Design and Process
	5 Implementation and Simulation Setup
	6 Evaluation and Results
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Automating Heterogeneous IoT Device Networks from Multiple Brokers with Multiple Data Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirements Analysis and Related Work
	3 The Role of IoT Directory in Snap4City Architecture
		3.1 Registration of IoT Devices on Internal Brokers
		3.2 Discovering and Registering IoT Devices from External Brokers
	4 Validation Experiments
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Persuasive System for Stress Detection and Management in an Educational Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Persuasive System
		2.1 Architecture
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Study Design
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Domain Generalization on Constrained Platforms: On the Compatibility with Pruning Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Single Domain Generalization
		2.2 Neural Network Pruning
	3 Experiments on Digit Recognition Benchmark
		3.1 Datasets and Setup
		3.2 Unstructured Pruning at Initialization
		3.3 Iterative Unstructured Pruning
		3.4 Iterative Structured Pruning
	4 Experiments on RealWorld HAR Dataset
		4.1 Datasets and Setup
		4.2 Impact of the Pruning Settings
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoT Security, Privacy and Data Protection
A Low-Overhead Approach for Self-sovereign Identity in IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Background
		3.1 Self-sovereign Identity
		3.2 Swarm
	4 Proposal
		4.1 Self-sovereign Identification and Communication of IoT Agents
		4.2 The Swarm DID Method
		4.3 Optimized DDo Serialization with CBOR-DI
		4.4 Secure Communication with DIoTComm
		4.5 Implementation
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 DID and DDo sizes
		5.2 Secure Envelope Overhead
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Analysis of Process Parameters for the Optimization of Specific Emitter Identification Under Rayleigh Fading
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Signal Collection, Detection & Pre-processing
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Filter Design
		3.2 Multipath Channel Model
		3.3 Nelder-Mead Channel Estimation and Equalization
		3.4 RF Fingerprint Generation
		3.5 Radio Classification
	4 Results
		4.1 Filter Analysis: Average Squared Error
		4.2 Filter Analysis: Average Percent Correct Classification
		4.3 Gabor Analysis Window Width
		4.4 Candidate Signal Set Analysis
		4.5 Parallel Optimization
		4.6 SEI Performance
		4.7 Comparison with State of the Art
	5 Conclusion
	References
Secure Image Data Storage and Transmission Using ESP32-Cam and Raspberry Pi with Steganography
	1 Introduction
		1.1 BPCS (Bit Plane Complexity Segmentation)
		1.2 LSB (Least Significant Bit)
		1.3 Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform
		1.4 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
		1.5 RGB (Red, Green and Blue)
	2 Literature Review
	3 Construction
	4 Result
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Scope
	References
Modelling of Resource-Aware Information Flows for Resource Constraint IoT Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Information Exchange Model
		3.1 Information Flow F
		3.2 Devices and Resources Concept
		3.3 Performance Concept
		3.4 Security Specification and Configuration Concept
	4 High-level Security Policy Language (HSPL) to IEM Transformation
		4.1 Element Identification
		4.2 Grouping Modes
		4.3 Resource Annotation
	5 Implementation
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
IRIS Advanced Threat Intelligence Orchestrator- A Way to Manage Cybersecurity Challenges of IoT Ecosystems in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Data Sources in Smart Cities
		1.2 State of the Art of Tools Used into SOAR
		1.3 SOAR Solutions
		1.4 SOAR Benefits
	2 Specifications of Advance Threat Intelligence Orchestrator
		2.1 Orchestrator’s Subcomponents
		2.2 Technologies
		2.3 Failed SSH Login Scenario
		2.4 Stakeholders Communication Through Orchestrator
	3 Conclusions
	References
Federated Learning-Based IoT Intrusion Detection on Non-IID Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Internet of Things
		2.2 Federated Learning
		2.3 Intrusion Detection
	3 A Data Sharing Strategy for IoT IDS Based on Federated Learning
	4 Evaluation Methodology
		4.1 Data Description
		4.2 Experimental Setup
		4.3 Evaluation Metrics
	5 Experimentation Result
		5.1 Federated Learning in IoT Intrusion Detection Baseline Scenarios
		5.2 Clusters of Trust vs Globally Shared Data
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Holistic Approach for IoT Networks’ Identity and Trust Management – The ERATOSTHENES Project
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Internet of Things, Status and Applications
		1.2 Risk Impediments to IoT Evolution
		1.3 The ERATOSTHENES Project
	2 Industrial Requirements over Digital Identity and Trust
		2.1 Industrial Orientation of ERATOSTHENES
	3 ERATOSTHENES IoT Lifecycle Approach for Trust and Identity Management
	4 Upcoming Work and Next Steps
	References
ARCADIAN-IoT - Enabling Autonomous Trust, Security and Privacy Management for IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 ARCADIAN-IoT Framework
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Horizontal Planes
		3.3 Vertical Planes
	4 Reference Use Cases
		4.1 Domain A: Emergency and Vigilance Using Drones
		4.2 Domain B: Grid Infrastructure Monitoring
		4.3 Domain C: Medical IoT for Remote Monitoring of Patients
		4.4 Common Trust, Security and Privacy Management Challenges
	5 Conclusions
	References
IoT Pilots, Testbeds and Experimentation Results
GAIA 5G: A Multi-access Smart-Campus Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 GAIA 5G: A Smart-Campus Architecture
		3.1 Technical Description
	4 Use Cases
		4.1 5G Connectivity
		4.2 NFV Management
		4.3 Cybersecurity
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoT Device for Reduction of Roe Deer Fawn Mortality During Haymaking
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Structure
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Available Methods for Detection and Rescue of Fawns
		2.2 Auditory and Visual Sensitivity of Roe Deer
	3 Implementation
		3.1 Network Overview
		3.2 Wireless Communication
		3.3 Web Application
		3.4 Design of Field Effectors
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Scaring Effectiveness
	5 Conclusion
	References
Latency and Energy Consumption of Convolutional Neural Network Models from IoT Edge Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 System Setup and Methodology
		2.1 Hardware
		2.2 Convolutional Neural Network Models and Classification Patterns
		2.3 Measurements
	3 Results
		3.1 Edge Processing
		3.2 Cloud Processing
		3.3 Edge Versus Cloud Processing
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Industry-Academia Cooperation: Applied IoT Research for SMEs in South-East Sweden
	1 Introduction
	2 The Applied IoT Lab
	3 Education and Industry-Academic Cooperation
		3.1 Workshops
		3.2 Pilot Cases
	4 Lessons Learned
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experiment to Scope Low Carbon Electricity Based Additive Manufacturing with IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Deploying the Experimental Setup
	3 Results
		3.1 Energy Consumption Data
	4 Discussion
		4.1 CO2 Emissions Data for Integration
		4.2 Limitations
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index