International Trade: Free, Fair and Open?

CONTENTS......Page 8
1. 
Introduction......Page 10
Who sets the rules?......Page 12
What this book is about......Page 17
Trade at the OECD......Page 18
2. Growing Grapes in Scotland......Page 20
By way of introduction_02......Page 22
The invisible hand......Page 24
A helping hand?......Page 28
Rise and fall and rise again......Page 30
Graphic: Merchandise Exports as Per Cent of GDP......Page 32
Conclusion......Page 36
Box: Some key concepts......Page 35
Find Out More......Page 37
3. The State of World Trade......Page 38
Agriculture and food......Page 40
Graphic: trade to gdp ratios......Page 42
Other primary materials......Page 44
Manufactured products and components......Page 46
Box: Modelling trade flows......Page 48
Trade in services......Page 50
Graphic: Centrality Index......Page 52
Find Out More......Page 54
4. Protectionism? Tariffs and Other Barriers to Trade......Page 56
Tariff barriers......Page 58
Who gains from tariff reduction?......Page 60
Graphic: Welfare Gains in Trade Liberalisation Scenarios......Page 62
Prohibitions and quotas......Page 64
Customs fees......Page 66
Benefits from liberalising non-tariff barriers......Page 68
Box: Countries make good but different beer......Page 70
What can trade policy contribute to resolving the economic crisis?......Page 72
Conclusion......Page 74
Find Out More......Page 76
5. Trade Rounds and the World Trade Organization......Page 78
From the ITO to the WTO......Page 80
Box: Key dates in GATT/WTO history......Page 82
Negotiating in the WTO......Page 84
Box: Key concepts of the GATT/WTO system......Page 86
The scope of the multilateral system......Page 88
The Doha Round......Page 90
Find Out More......Page 92
6. Trade and Employment......Page 94
Moving jobs around......Page 96
Trends in employment and job security......Page 98
Trends in earnings......Page 100
How do international trade and investment affect OECD labour markets?......Page 102
Conclusion......Page 106
Find Out More......Page 108
7. Trade and the Environment......Page 110
Box: World public opinion on globalisation, trade and the environment......Page 112
Trade restrictions and the environment......Page 114
Box: Eco-labelling......Page 116
The environment in international tradeagreements......Page 118
Box: Multilateral environmental agreements......Page 120
Find Out More......Page 122
8. Trade and Development......Page 124
North-South or South-South trade: what matters for growth and development?......Page 126
South-South services trade......Page 128
Trade and poverty......Page 130
Box: Fairtrade......Page 132
Box: Aid for Trade......Page 134
Conclusion......Page 136
Find Out More......Page 138
9. Tradeand Growth......Page 140
Trade and the sources of economic growth......Page 142
Graphic: The ten US manufacturing sectors with fastest growing productivity......Page 144
Trade and R&D......Page 146
FDI, vertical specialisation and outsourcing......Page 148
Find Out More......Page 152
10. Trade and Innovation......Page 154
The four types of innovation......Page 156
Technology transfer and diffusion of innovation......Page 160
Graphic: Investment in Intellectual Assets as a Percentage of GDP......Page 162
Graphic: Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research  and Development......Page 164
Global value chains......Page 166
Conclusion......Page 168
Find Out More......Page 170
11. What’s in It for Me?......Page 172
Making things......Page 174
Selling things......Page 176
Buying things......Page 178
By way of conclusion......Page 180
Find Out More......Page 182
References......Page 184