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ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Simon Baughen
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9781845680091, 0415448107
ناشر: Routledge/Cavendish
سال نشر: 2023
تعداد صفحات: 400
[401]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 19 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب International Trade and the Protection of the Environment به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب تجارت بین المللی و حفاظت از محیط زیست نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحات ناشر
Publisher Description
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Table of Cases, Awards and Reports Table of Abbreviations Introduction 1: Trade and Environment Within the GATT 1.1 Article I. Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 1.2 Article III. National Treatment 1.2.1 Article III.2. Internal Taxes and Charges 1.2.2 Article III.4. ‘Laws, Regulations and Requirements’ 1.3 Article XI. Quantitative Restrictions on Imports 1.4 Article XX 1.4.1 US–Reformulated Gasoline 1.4.2 US–Shrimp/Turtle 1.4.3 EC–Asbestos 1.5 Article XXIII:1(b) 1.6 The WTO Agreements and MEAs 1.6.1 Jurisdictional Overlap 1.6.2 Substantive Conflict 2: The WTO Side Agreements (1). The TBT and SPS Agreements 2.1 The TBT Agreement 2.2 The SPS Agreement 2.2.1 EC–Beef Hormones 2.2.2 Australia–Salmon 2.2.3 Japan Varietals 3: Genetically Modified Organisms and The WTO Agreements 3.1 The Cartagena Protocol 3.2 Regulation of GMOs Within The EU 3.3 EC–Biotech 3.4 The Aftermath of the Decision 3.5 Conclusion 3.5.1 Jurisdictional Overlap Between the WTO Agreements and MEAs 3.5.2 Jurisdictional Overlap Between the WTO Agreements 3.5.3 The Ability of Members to Base Environmental Regulation on PPM Criteria 3.5.4 The Evidential Threshold Applicable to the Justification of Measures on Grounds of Health or Environmental Protection 3.5.5 The Administrative Obligations Imposed on Members in Designing and Implementing Measures 4: The WTO Side Agreements (2). GATS, TRIMS and TRIPS 4.1 GATS 4.1.1 Article VI. Domestic Regulation 4.1.2 Article XVI. Market Access 4.1.3 Article XVII. National Treatment 4.1.4 General Exceptions 4.2 TRIMS 4.3 The TRIPS Agreement. The Impact of IP Rights on Environmental Protection 4.3.1 Farmers’ Rights 4.3.2 Traditional Knowledge 4.3.3 Pharmaceuticals 5: Trade and The Environment Within the EC 5.1 Quantitative Restrictions on Imports and Exports. Articles 28 and 29 5.2 Harmonisation and National Measures. The General Principles 5.2.1 Article 95. Internal Market Harmonisation 5.2.2 Article 175. Environmental Harmonisation 5.3 The Two Justifications for Violating Arts 28 and 29 5.3.1 Article 30 5.3.2 The ‘Rule of Reason’ and Mandatory Requirements 5.3.3 Proportionality 5.4 Distinctly and Indistinctly Applicable Measures 5.5 Extra Territoriality 5.6 MEAs and The EC 5.7 Conclusion 6: Investor Protection and Environmental Regulation (1). Customary International Law and The European Convention on Human Rights 6.1 Customary International Law on Expropriation 6.1.1 Defining Expropriation 6.1.2 What Property can be Subject to an Expropriation? 6.1.3 Causation 6.1.4 Assessing the Quantum of an Expropriation Claim 6.2 The European Convention on Human Rights. Article 1 of the First Protocol 6.2.1 ‘Deprivation of Possessions’ Claims 6.2.2 ‘Control of Use’ Claims 7: Investor Protection and Environmental Regulation (2). NAFTA, Chapter Eleven 7.1 Threshold Issues of Definition 7.2 Articles 1102 and 1103 – National Treatment and Most-Favoured-Nation Principles 7.3 Treatment in Accordance With International Law – Article 1105 7.3.1 Initial Interpretations of Art 1105 7.3.2 The Free Trade Commission’s Interpretation of Art 1105 7.3.3 Subsequent Interpretations of Art 1105 7.4 Performance Requirements – Article 1106 7.5 Article 1110. Expropriation 7.5.1 What Constitutes Expropriation or a Measure ‘Tantamount to Expropriation’? 7.6 Exceptions to Chapter Eleven Obligations 7.6.1 Article 1114. Environmental Measures 7.6.2 Article 1112 7.6.3 Article 103 7.6.4 Article 104 7.7 Quantum 7.8 Recent US Responses to NAFTA Jurisprudence 7.9 Conclusion 8: Multinational Corporations and Environmental Liability (1). US Litigation: Jurisdictional Issues 8.1 Establishing Jurisdiction Over the Defendant 8.2 Forum Non Conveniens 8.2.1 Identifying an Available Alternative Forum 8.2.2 Balancing the Private Interest and Public Interest Factors 8.2.3 Forum Non Conveniens and Environmental Claims 8.2.4 Forum Non Conveniens and Human Rights Claims 8.3 Other Grounds for Declining Jurisdiction 8.3.1 Foreign Sovereign Immunity 8.3.2 Indispensible Parties 8.3.3 Act of State 8.3.4 Political Question 8.3.5 Comity 9: Multinational Corporations and Environmental Liability (2). US Litigation: Substantive Law 9.1 Claims Under the ATCA 9.1.1 Environmental Claims and ATCA 9.1.2 Private Actor Liability Under International Law 9.1.3 Private Actor Liability Under s 1983 9.2 Other Statutory Avenues for Human Rights Claims 9.2.1 Torture Victims Protection Act 1991 9.2.2 USC, s 1331 9.2.3 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organisations Act 9.3 Tort Claims 9.3.1 Alter Ego 9.3.2 Agency 9.3.3 Single Economic Entity 9.3.4 Direct Liability 9.4 The Chain of Attribution in the Unocal Litigation 9.5 Applicable Law 10: Actions Against Multinational Corporations Before English Courts 10.1 Establishing Jurisdiction 10.2 Declining Jurisdiction 10.2.1 Forum Non Conveniens 10.2.2 Act of State 10.2.3 Sovereign Immunity 10.3 Tort Liability 10.3.1 Derivative Liability. ‘Piercing the Veil’ 10.3.2 Derivative Liability. Agency 10.3.3 Direct Liability 10.3.4 How Would the English Courts Have Dealt With the Bhopal Disaster? 10.3.5 ‘Soft Law’ International Instruments and Direct Liability 10.4 Civil Liability in Respect of Violations of Customary International Law 10.5 Applicable Law 10.6 Conclusion 11: Alternative Approaches to Transnational Pollution 11.1 International Regulation of Ship-Source Pollution 11.1.1 MARPOL 11.1.2 Enforcement Jurisdiction Under International Law 11.2 Civil Liability Conventions on Oil Pollution 11.2.1 Liability Regime 11.2.2 Recoverable Damage 11.2.3 Jurisdiction 11.2.4 Compulsory Insurance 11.3 Other International Civil Liability Conventions 11.4 EC Environmental Liability Directive 20004 11.5 Conclusion Index