International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain

Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Contributors......Page 15
Overview......Page 17
PART I MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES......Page 35
1 Determinants of Migration, Destination, and Sector Choice: Disentangling Individual, Household, and Community Effects......Page 37
2 Remittances, Poverty, and Investment in Guatemala......Page 69
3 Remittances and Poverty in Migrants’ Home Areas: Evidence from the Philippines......Page 97
4 Beyond Remittances: The Effects of Migration on Mexican Households......Page 139
PART II BRAIN DRAIN, BRAIN GAIN, BRAIN WASTE......Page 165
5 International Migration by Education Attainment, 1990 –2000......Page 167
6 Brain Gain: Claims about Its Size and Impact on Welfare and Growth Are Greatly Exaggerated......Page 217
7 Educated Migrants: Is There Brain Waste?......Page 243
8 Skilled Immigrants, Higher Education, and U.S.Innovation......Page 261
Index......Page 277
1.1 Labor Migrants as Percentage of Mexican Village Populations, by Migrant Destination,1980 –2002......Page 39
1.2 Labor Migrants as Percentage of Mexican Village Populations, by Migrant Destination and Sector of Employment,1980 –2002......Page 49
3.1 Exchange Rates in Selected Locations of Overseas Filipinos, July 1996 to October 1998......Page 103
4.1 Estimated Probability of a Household Head Migrating, by Household Consumption Level at Different Deciles of the Community Migration Prevalence Distribution......Page 150
6.1 Brain Gain, Brain Drain, and Net Brain Gain......Page 221
6.2 Endogenous Migration Probability......Page 222
6.3 Group Heterogeneity......Page 224
6.4 Brain Drain and LDC\'s Growth......Page 235
7.1 Distribution of aj......Page 244
7.2 Migration Patterns from Select Countries......Page 249
7.3 Migration Patterns from Select Countries for People with Tertiary Education......Page 250
7.4 Tertiary Education at Home and among Immigrants to the United States, 1990s......Page 251
7.5 Composition of Migrants to Europe and the United States by Education......Page 252
7.6 Portion of Migrants with Tertiary Education Who Obtain Skilled Jobs, 1990s Arrivals......Page 254
8.1 Skilled Immigrants......Page 263
8.3 Foreign Students......Page 264
8.4 H1B Beneficiaries by Country, 2003......Page 270
1.1 Descriptive Statistics......Page 44
1.2 Variable Means by Migrant Destination and Sector of Employment......Page 46
1.3 One-and Two-Destination Multinomial Logit Model Results......Page 50
1.4 Two-Destination, Two-Sector Multinomial Logit Model Results......Page 52
1.5 Estimated Marginal Effects on Migration Probabilities......Page 58
1.6 Estimated Marginal Effects on Migration-Sector Probabilities......Page 59
1.7 Baseline Probability for Each Migration Destination-Sector Regime......Page 60
2.1 Summary Data on Nonremittance Households and Remittance-Receiving Households, Guatemala, 2000......Page 72
2.2 Multinomial Logit Model for Guatemala......Page 76
2.3 Household Income Estimates (Selection Corrected) for Guatemala......Page 78
2.4 Regression to Estimate Predicted Per Capita Household Expenditure (Excluding Remittances)......Page 81
2.5 Predicted Per Capita Expenditures for Nonremittance Households and Remittance-Receiving Households, Guatemala, 2000......Page 83
2.6 Effect of Remittances on Poverty for Nonremittance Households and Remittance-Receiving Households, Guatemala, 2000......Page 85
2.7 OLS Regression Analysis of Household Expenditure in Guatemala, without Remittance Variables......Page 88
2.8 OLS Regression Analysis of Household Expenditure in Guatemala, with Remittance Variables......Page 90
2.9 Marginal Budget Shares on Expenditure for Nonremittance Households and Remittance-Receiving Households, Guatemala, 2000......Page 92
3.1 Locations of Overseas Workers from Sample Households......Page 101
3.2 Characteristics of Overseas Workers from Sample Households......Page 102
3.3 Descriptive Statistics for Households with Overseas Migrants......Page 110
3.4 Descriptive Statistics for Households without Overseas Migrants......Page 112
3.5 Impact of Migrant Exchange Rate Shocks, 1997–8......Page 118
3.6 Impact of Region-Level Migrant Exchange Rate Shocks on Nonmigrant Households,1997–8......Page 124
3.7 Impact of Region-Level Migrant Exchange Rate Shocks, 1997–8......Page 127
3.8 Impact of Migrant Exchange Rate Shocks on Child Human Capital and Entrepreneurship,1997–8......Page 130
4.1 The Impact of Migration on Health Outcomes and Health Inputs......Page 145
4.2 The Impact of Migration on Maternal Health Knowledge......Page 147
4.3 Network Size and Probability of Migration......Page 149
4.4 The Impact of Migration on Consumption Inequality in ENADID Communities......Page 152
4.5 Impact of Migration on Years of Schooling......Page 156
5.1 Data Sources......Page 178
5.2 International Mobility by Educational Attainment — An Overview......Page 180
5.3 Data by Country Group in 2000......Page 186
5.4 Top 30 Skilled Immigration Countries 2000......Page 191
5.5 Net Brain Gain in OECD Countries in 1990......Page 194
5.6 Net Brain Gain in OECD Countries in 2000......Page 198
6.1 Impact of the Brain Drain on Education......Page 236
7.1 Country-Level Determinants of Probability of Obtaining A Skilled Job, 1990s......Page 257
7.2 Country-Level Determinants of Probability of Obtaining A Skilled Job, 1990s, with European Migration Policy Indicators......Page 258
8.1 The Impacts of Foreign Graduate Students and Skilled Immigrants on Patent Applications and Grants, 1965–2001......Page 268