International Legal Argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice: The Rise of the International Judiciary

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Foreword......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 17
Table of cases......Page 19
Table of treaties......Page 32
Abbreviations......Page 41
PART 1 The Permanent Court of International Justice......Page 47
From arbitration to adjudication......Page 49
The significance of the Permanent Court......Page 60
From Buchrecht to practice......Page 69
PART 2 International legal argument......Page 81
Conceptions of the state......Page 83
The state as a national sovereign......Page 85
The state as an international law subject......Page 86
The state as an international co-sovereign......Page 87
Non liquet and Article 38 of the Statute......Page 103
Conclusions on non liquet and opinio juris......Page 108
Treaty and pacta sunt servanda......Page 117
A definition of state......Page 123
The national principle of self-containedness......Page 125
From self-containedness to the international law of coexistence......Page 126
Supervening state powers: common, substantive standards......Page 129
The dynamic structure......Page 134
The law of treaties......Page 138
Extending international law: the international law of cooperation and conceptions of the state......Page 141
Schools of treaty interpretation......Page 144
The openness of the international law of cooperation......Page 151
Recapitulation......Page 152
The national principle of self-containedness in treaty interpretation......Page 155
The international law of coexistence in treaty interpretation......Page 159
Problems of international legal argument......Page 160
The international community......Page 161
PART 3 International legal argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice......Page 173
Approach and material......Page 175
Structure of the remaining chapters......Page 178
The judges......Page 180
The preliminary session......Page 186
Outlook for the Permanent Court......Page 191
The International Labour Organization opinions......Page 193
The Nationality Decrees opinion......Page 195
The Eastern Carelia opinion......Page 206
Conclusions......Page 220
The case of a clear text......Page 221
The dissenting opinions......Page 223
The judgment......Page 225
Conclusions......Page 230
The basic structure of international legal argument: four more advisory opinions......Page 232
The test for jurisdiction......Page 237
Applying the compromissory clause......Page 243
Conclusions......Page 249
Conclusions......Page 252
President Huber......Page 256
The Mavrommatis case continued......Page 260
The Upper Silesia case......Page 261
The Mavrommatis case again......Page 270
Special agreements......Page 272
Conclusions......Page 274
Preliminary questions......Page 276
Principles of treaty interpretation......Page 278
The nature of the Council......Page 286
Judge Huber's presidency and the understanding of sovereignty......Page 288
The Permanent Court meets the  Buchrecht......Page 293
The division of the bench......Page 297
The majority's legal analysis......Page 303
Conclusions......Page 307
The aftermath of The Lotus......Page 309
The Danube opinion......Page 310
The River Oder case......Page 313
Direct effect of treaty rules......Page 316
Introduction......Page 319
Judge Hughes, the Loans cases and Judge Fromageot......Page 320
The Free Zones case, Judge Kellogg and Sir Cecil Hurst......Page 330
Conclusions......Page 338
President Adatci and other new judges......Page 346
Modification of the Rules......Page 351
Discontinuity......Page 354
The Customs Regime opinion......Page 362
The Employment of Women opinion......Page 370
Conclusions......Page 376
The Free City of Danzig......Page 378
The Memel Territory......Page 385
The Eastern Greenland case......Page 390
National law......Page 394
President Hurst and his time......Page 399
The Oscar Chinn case......Page 410
The Albanian Minority Schools opinion......Page 413
Changes on the bench......Page 414
The second Lighthouses case......Page 418
The Meuse case......Page 419
The Phosphates in Morocco case......Page 422
The Electricity Company case......Page 426
Judicial caution......Page 428
Conclusions......Page 430
PART 4 General conclusions......Page 437
International law as a complementary legal system......Page 439
The national lawyer......Page 444
The international lawyer......Page 446
First Ordinary Session (15 June–12 August 1922)......Page 451
Third Ordinary Session (15 June–15 September 1923)......Page 452
Fifth Ordinary Session (16 June–4 September 1924)......Page 453
Seventh Extraordinary Session (14 April–16 May 1925)......Page 454
Tenth Extraordinary Session (2 February–25 May 1926)......Page 455
Twelfth Ordinary Session (15 June–16 December 1927)......Page 456
Thirteenth Extraordinary Session (6 February–26 April 1928)......Page 457
Fourteenth Ordinary Session (15 June–13 September 1928)......Page 458
Seventeenth Ordinary Session (17 June–10 September 1929)......Page 459
Nineteenth Extraordinary Session (23 October–6 December 1930)......Page 460
Twenty–Third Extraordinary Session (5 November 1931–4 February 1932)......Page 461
Twenty–Fifth Extraordinary Session (18 April–11 August 1932)......Page 462
Twenty–Sixth Extraordinary Session (14 October 1932–5 April 1933)......Page 463
Twenty–Eighth Extraordinary Session (10 May–16 May 1933)......Page 464
Thirtieth Extraordinary Session (20 October–15 December 1933)......Page 465
Thirty–Fourth Ordinary Session (1 February–10 April 1935)......Page 466
Judicial Year 1936......Page 467
Judicial Year 1938......Page 468
Judicial Year 1939......Page 469
Judicial Year 1940......Page 470
Bibliography......Page 471
Index......Page 515