Internal Medicine for Dental Treatments: Patients with Medical Diseases

Preface for the English Version
Preface
Contents
Part I: Symptomatology
	1: Respiratory/Infection Symptoms
		1	 Dyspnea
		2	 Shortness of Breath
		3	 Wheezing/Stridor
			3.1	 Wheezing from Narrowing of the Large Airway and Wheezing from Narrowing of the Small Airway
			3.2	 “Stridor” and “Wheeze”
			3.3	 Transient (Reversible) and Persistent (Irreversible) Wheezing
			3.4	 Inspiratory and Expiratory Wheezing
		4	 Cough
			4.1	 Symptoms
			4.2	 Pathogenesis and Developmental Mechanism
			4.3	 Classification and Differential Diseases
			4.4	 Clinical Examination and Diagnosis
			4.5	 Treatment
			4.6	 Cough Reflex and Aspiration
		5	 Sputum
			5.1	 What Is Sputum?
			5.2	 Causes of Sputum
			5.3	 Points of Examination
			5.4	 Sputum Examination
		6	 Fever
			6.1	 Body Temperature
			6.2	 Causes of Fever
			6.3	 Symptoms of Fever
			6.4	 Types of Fever
			6.5	 Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
		References
	2: Cardiovascular Symptoms
		1	 Shock [1, 2]
			1.1	 Diagnosis
			1.2	 Assessment of Causative Disease
			1.3	 Severity and Prognosis
			1.4	 Treatment
		2	 Edema [3–5]
			2.1	 The Pathophysiology of Edema
			2.2	 Differentiation of Edema
		3	 Cyanosis
			3.1	 Disease Overview
			3.2	 Pathology and Physiology
			3.3	 Classification
			3.4	 Differential Diagnosis
		4	 Palpitation
		5	 Chest Pain
		6	 Tachycardia, Bradycardia
			6.1	 Pulse
			6.2	 Tachycardia
			6.3	 Bradycardia
		7	 Hypertension and Hypotension
			7.1	 Blood Pressure Variation
		References
	3: Digestive Symptoms
		1	 Weight Loss/Weight Increase
			1.1	 Malignant Tumor
			1.2	 Endocrine and Hematologic Diseases and Chronic Infectious Diseases
			1.3	 Mental Illness
			1.4	 Chronic Diarrhea
			1.5	 Diseases of the Elderly
		2	 Jaundice
			2.1	 Indirect Type Predominant Hyperbilirubinemia
			2.2	 Hepatocellular Jaundice
			2.3	 Intrahepatic Bile Stasis
			2.4	 Obstructive Jaundice
			2.5	 Constitutional Jaundice
		3	 Nausea and Vomiting [1, 2]
			3.1	 Definitions
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Causal Disease
			3.4	 How to Proceed with the Diagnosis
			3.5	 Important Points of Physical Examination
		4	 Diarrhea
			4.1	 Overview
			4.2	 Disease [6–8]
			4.3	 Diagnosis and Treatment
			4.4	 Treatment
		5	 Anorexia and Nausea [9, 10]
			5.1	 Conditions in Which the Symptoms Appear
			5.2	 Differentiated Diseases
		6	 Dysphagia [11, 12]
			6.1	 Causes of Dysphagia
			6.2	 Symptoms of Dysphagia
			6.3	 Rehabilitation Treatment of Feeding and Swallowing Disorders
		References
	4: Neurological and Psychosomal Symptoms
		1	 Headache
			1.1	 Migraine
			1.2	 Tension-Type Headache
			1.3	 Cluster Headache
			1.4	 Headache Due to Cerebrovascular Disorder
			1.5	 Headache Due to Infection
		2	 Sleep Disorder
			2.1	 About Sleep
			2.2	 Sleep Disorders
				2.2.1	 Insomnia (Insomnia Disorder)
			2.3	 Considerations for the Use of Sleeping Pills
		3	 Syncope
			3.1	 Classification (Table 4.3)
				3.1.1	 Reflex Syncope
				3.1.2	 Syncope Due to Orthostatic Hypotension
				3.1.3	 Cardiac Syncope
			3.2	 Diseases That Can Easily Be Mistaken for Syncope: Epilepsy
		4	 Disturbance of Consciousness
			4.1	Level of Consciousness
			4.2	 Delirium
		5	 Convulsion
		6	 Dizziness: Vertigo
			6.1	 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
			6.2	 Vestibular Neuritis
			6.3	 Meniere’s Disease
			6.4	 Central Vertigo
			6.5	 Cardiovascular System-Related Dizziness
		7	 Higher Brain Dysfunction [22, 23]
			7.1	 Aphasia
			7.2	 Apraxia
				7.2.1	 Ideomotor Apraxia
				7.2.2	 Limb Kinetic Apraxia
				7.2.3	 Oral-Facial Apraxia
				7.2.4	 Dressing Apraxia
			7.3	 Agnosia
				7.3.1	 Visual Agnosia
				7.3.2	 Prosopagnosia
				7.3.3	 Cortical Deafness
				7.3.4	 Tactile Agnosia
			7.4	 Memory Disorder
		8	 General Malaise
			8.1	Concept
			8.2	Pathophysiology
			8.3	 Differentiated Diseases
			8.4	 Diagnosis and Examination
		References
	5: Endocrine/Renal/Blood/Other Symptoms
		1	 Dehydration
			1.1	 Introduction
			1.2	 Symptoms
			1.3	 Physical Findings to Be Confirmed
			1.4	 Causes
				1.4.1	 Poor Intake of Water and Salt
				1.4.2	 Loss of Water and Salt
			1.5	 Disease Classification
				1.5.1	 Hypertonic Dehydration
				1.5.2	 Isotonic Dehydration
				1.5.3	 Hypotonic Dehydration
			1.6	 Dehydration in Children
			1.7	 Dehydration in Elderly
			1.8	 Heat Attach and Dehydration
		2	 Hypoglycemia
			2.1	 Conditions in Which the Symptom Appears
			2.2	 Symptoms
			2.3	 Differential Diagnosis
				2.3.1	 Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia During Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
				2.3.2	 Insulinoma
				2.3.3	 Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome and Insulin Receptor Dysregulation
				2.3.4	 Hypoglycemia Associated with Endocrine Disorders
				2.3.5	 Postgastrectomy Syndrome
		3	 Anemia
			3.1	 Conditions in Which the Symptom Appears
				3.1.1	 Iron Deficiency Anemia: IDA
				3.1.2	 Anemia of Chronic Disease: ACD
				3.1.3	 Hereditary Anemia
				3.1.4	 Megaloblastic Anemia
				3.1.5	 Hemolytic Anemia
				3.1.6	 Renal Anemia
				3.1.7	 Aplastic Anemia: AA
				3.1.8	 Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
				3.1.9	 Hematopoietic Tumor
			3.2	 Differential Diagnosis (Fig. 5.2)
		4	 Bleeding Tendency
			4.1	 Conditions in Which the Symptom Appears
			4.2	 Hemorrhagic Diseases Differentiated by Symptoms
				4.2.1	 Hemorrhagic Tendency, Mainly Subcutaneous and Mucosal Bleeding
				4.2.2	 Hemorrhagic Tendency Mainly Due to Organ Bleeding and Difficulty in Stopping Bleeding
		5	 Rash/Eruption [4–6]
		6	 Inspection/Palpation/Percussion/Auscultation
			6.1	 How to Proceed with the Examination
			6.2	 Head and Neck Examination
				6.2.1	 Skin and Nail Examination
				6.2.2	 Head Examination
				6.2.3	 Facial Examination
				6.2.4	 Eye Examination
				6.2.5	 Ear Examination
				6.2.6	 Nasal Examination
				6.2.7	 Examination of the Lips
				6.2.8	 Neck Examination
		7	 Interpretation of Chest Radiograph
			7.1	 Introduction
			7.2	 Basics of Plain Chest Radiographs
			7.3	 Basics of Image Reading
		References
Part II: Diseases
	6: Respiratory Diseases
		1	 Pneumonia [1]
			1.1	 Concept
			1.2	 Epidemiology
			1.3	 Cause and Classification
			1.4	 Symptoms
			1.5	 Clinical Examination
			1.6	 Treatment
			1.7	 Aspiration Pneumonia
				1.7.1	 Concept
				1.7.2	 Causes and Classification
				1.7.3	 Clinical Examination
				1.7.4	 Treatment
			1.8	 Pneumonia as an Opportunistic Infection
				1.8.1	 Pneumocystis Pneumonia
			1.9	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.9.1	 Oral Diseases and Prevention of Pneumonia and Aspiration Pneumonia
					Etiology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Symptoms
					Diagnostic Imaging
					Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia and Oral Care
		2	 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
			2.1	 Concept
			2.2	 Epidemiology
			2.3	 Pathogenesis
			2.4	 Diagnosis
			2.5	 Clinical Findings
			2.6	 Treatment
			2.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.7.1	 The Relationship Between Smoking and the Oral Cavity
					Effect on Periodontal Disease
					Effects on the Oral Mucosa
					New Types of Cigarettes (Noncombustible/Heated Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes)
				2.7.2	 Dental Treatment of Patients with COPD
					Pretreatment Evaluation
					Preparation
					Treatment Position
					Treatment Time
					Management by Intravenous Sedation
		3	 Bronchial Asthma
			3.1	 Concept
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Epidemiology
			3.4	 Categories
			3.5	 Symptoms
			3.6	 Mechanism of Pathogenesis
			3.7	 Clinical Examination and Diagnosis
			3.8	 Severity
			3.9	 Treatment
				3.9.1	 Chronic Phase
				3.9.2	 During an Acute Attack
			3.10	 Complications
			3.11	 The Latest Therapeutic Drugs
			3.12	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [9–14]
				3.12.1	 Bronchial Asthma and Dentistry
				3.12.2	 At the Time of Initial Examination
					Interview and Examination
					Prevention
					Triggers for Asthma Attacks
					Aspirin-Induced Asthma (AIA)
					Severity
					Treatment
					Management of Asthma Attacks
					Consultation with Attending Physicians
				3.12.3	 Dental Considerations in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
					Before Starting Dental Treatment
					Preventing Asthma Exacerbations
					During Treatment
					Local Anesthetics in Dentistry
				3.12.4	 How to Manage Asthma Attacks
				3.12.5	 How to Manage Patients with AIA
				3.12.6	 In Patients Taking Oral Steroids for a Long Time
				3.12.7	 Bronchial Asthma Medications and the Oral Environment
				3.12.8	 Summary
		4	 Pulmonary Tuberculosis
			4.1	 Epidemiology
			4.2	 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
			4.3	 Symptoms
			4.4	 Diagnostic Imaging
			4.5	 Examination of Sputum
			4.6	 Treatment
			4.7	 Contact Medical Examination
			4.8	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				4.8.1	 Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Dental Treatment
				4.8.2	 Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Dentistry
		5	 Sleep Apnea Syndrome
			5.1	 Disease Overview (Definition)
			5.2	 Pathophysiology
			5.3	 Epidemiology
			5.4	 Categories
			5.5	 Symptoms
			5.6	 Clinical Examinations
			5.7	 Treatment
			5.8	 Prognosis
			5.9	 Recent Findings
			5.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [42]
				5.10.1	 Indications for Dental Treatment
				5.10.2	 Dental Treatment Methods: Conservative and Surgical Treatment
		6	 Interstitial Lung Disease
			6.1	 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
				6.1.1	 Disease Overview
				6.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				6.1.3	 Epidemiology
				6.1.4	 Risk Factors
				6.1.5	 Symptoms
				6.1.6	 Clinical Examination
				6.1.7	 Treatment
				6.1.8	 Prognosis
				6.1.9	 Recent Findings
			6.2	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				6.2.1	 Cause of Interstitial Pneumonia and Its Relation to Dentistry
				6.2.2	 Dry Mouth Symptoms and Interstitial Pneumonia in Sjögren’s Syndrome
				6.2.3	 Dental Treatment of Patients with Interstitial Pneumonia
				6.2.4	 Home Oxygen Therapy and Dental Treatment and Oral Care
				6.2.5	 Oral Adverse Events of Pirfenidone
		References
	7: Endocrine Diseases
		1	 Hyperthyroidism
			1.1	 Hyperthyroidism [1–5]
				1.1.1	 Disease Overview
				1.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				1.1.3	 Epidemiology
				1.1.4	 Classification
				1.1.5	 Symptoms
				1.1.6	 Clinical Examination
				1.1.7	 Treatment
				1.1.8	 Prognosis
				1.1.9	 Recent Findings
			1.2	 Basedow’s Disease
				1.2.1	 Disease Overview
				1.2.2	 Epidemiology
				1.2.3	 Symptoms
				1.2.4	 Clinical Examination
				1.2.5	 Treatment
			1.3	 Thyroid Crisis
				1.3.1	 Disease Overview
			1.4	 Thyroid Hormone Regulation [6–8]
			1.5	 The Action of Thyroid Hormones [6]
			1.6	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.6.1	 Diseases Indicative of Hyperthyroidism [6–9]
					Basedow’s Disease (or Graves’ Disease)
					Hyperthyroidism Other Than Basedow’s Disease
					Thyroid Crisis
				1.6.2	 Dental Treatment of Patients with Hyperthyroidism [7, 9]
		2	 Hypothyroidism [1, 2, 10–12]
			2.1	 Hypothyroidism
				2.1.1	 Disease Overview
				2.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.1.3	 Epidemiology
				2.1.4	 Classification
				2.1.5	 Symptoms
				2.1.6	 Clinical Examination
				2.1.7	 Treatment
				2.1.8	 Prognosis
				2.1.9	 Recent Findings
			2.2	 Chronic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s Disease)
				2.2.1	 Disease Overview
				2.2.2	 Epidemiology
				2.2.3	 Symptoms
				2.2.4	 Clinical Examination
				2.2.5	 Treatment
				2.2.6	 Prognosis
			2.3	 Cretinism
				2.3.1	 Disease Overview
			2.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.4.1	 Diseases Indicating Hypothyroidism with Visiting of Dentistry
					Chronic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s Disease) [7–9]
					Cretinism [6]
				2.4.2	 Dental Treatment of Patients with Hypothyroidism [7–9]
		3	 Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction
			3.1	 Structure and Function of the Adrenal Gland
			3.2	 Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction
				3.2.1	 Primary Aldosteronism
				3.2.2	 Cushing’s Syndrome
				3.2.3	 Pheochromocytoma
			3.3	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.3.1	 Primary Aldosteronism (PA)
				3.3.2	 Cushing’s Syndrome
				3.3.3	 Congenital Adrenocortical Hyperplasia and Adrenogenital Syndrome
				3.3.4	 Pheochromocytoma
		4	 Adrenal Insufficiency
			4.1	 Introduction
			4.2	 Primary Hypoadrenalism (Addison’s Disease)
				4.2.1	 Definitions and Pathophysiology
				4.2.2	 Epidemiology
				4.2.3	 Classification
				4.2.4	 Symptoms
				4.2.5	 Clinical Examination
				4.2.6	 Treatment
				4.2.7	 Prognosis
				4.2.8	 Recent Findings
			4.3	 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)
				4.3.1	 Definitions and Pathophysiology
				4.3.2	 Epidemiology
				4.3.3	 Classification
				4.3.4	 Symptoms
				4.3.5	 Clinical Examination
				4.3.6	 Treatment
				4.3.7	 Prognosis
				4.3.8	 Recent Findings
			4.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				4.4.1	 Addison’s Disease: Primary Hypoadrenalism
				4.4.2	 Secondary Hypoadrenalism
				4.4.3	 Iatrogenic Adrenal Hypofunction
				4.4.4	 Adrenal Crisis (Acute Adrenal Insufficiency)
		References
	8: Cardiovascular Diseases
		1	 Myocardial Infarction
			1.1	 Disease Overview
			1.2	 Pathophysiology
			1.3	 Epidemiology
			1.4	 Categories
				1.4.1	 Classification by the Passage of Time
				1.4.2	 Classification by the Depth of the Lesion
				1.4.3	 Classification by Infarction Site
			1.5	 Symptoms
				1.5.1	 Subjective Symptoms
				1.5.2	 Objective Findings
			1.6	 Examinations
			1.7	 Treatment
				1.7.1	 General Treatment
				1.7.2	 Reperfusion Therapy
				1.7.3	 Daily Life Management
			1.8	 Prognosis
			1.9	 Recent Findings
			1.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.10.1	 Risk Assessment
					Myocardial Infarction
				1.10.2	 Perioperative Management
					Before Treatment (Surgery)
					During Dental Treatment (Surgery)
					Local Anesthetics
					Antithrombotic Therapy
					Postoperative Management
				1.10.3	 In Case of Chest Pain Attack
		2	 Angina Pectoris [6–8]
			2.1	 Classification by Developmental Mechanism
			2.2	 Classification by Mode of Onset
			2.3	 Classification by Clinical Course
			2.4	 Causes
			2.5	 Symptoms
			2.6	 Examinations
				2.6.1	 Electrocardiogram
				2.6.2	 Load Electrocardiogram
				2.6.3	 Holter Electrocardiogram
				2.6.4	 Blood Test
				2.6.5	 Echocardiography
				2.6.6	 Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy
				2.6.7	 Coronary Angiography CT (Fig. 8.2)
				2.6.8	 Coronary Angiography (CAG)
			2.7	 Treatment
			2.8	 Drug Therapy
			2.9	 Invasive Treatment
				2.9.1	 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
				2.9.2	 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG)
			2.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		3	 Heart Failure
			3.1	 Concepts and Definitions
			3.2	 Epidemiology, Causes, and Pathogenesis
			3.3	 Classification
			3.4	 Symptoms
			3.5	 Examination and Diagnosis
			3.6	 Treatment
			3.7	 Point of Dental Treatment for Patients with Heart Failure (from the Viewpoint of Cardiologist)
			3.8	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		4	 Infective Endocarditis
			4.1	 Disease Overview
			4.2	 Pathophysiology
			4.3	 Epidemiology
			4.4	 Classification
			4.5	 Symptoms (Table 8.8) [14–16]
			4.6	 Clinical Examinations (Table 8.8) [14–16]
				4.6.1	 Blood Culture
				4.6.2	 Echocardiographic Examination
			4.7	 Treatment
				4.7.1	 Medical Treatment
				4.7.2	 Surgical Treatment
			4.8	 Prognosis
			4.9	 Recent Findings
			4.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				4.10.1	 Dental Treatment at High Risk of Causing Bacteremia
				4.10.2	 Risk Groups for Infective Endocarditis and Appropriate Administration of Antimicrobials
				4.10.3	 Current Status and Future
		5	 Hypertension
			5.1	 Abnormal Blood Pressure
				5.1.1	 Essential Hypertension and Secondary Hypertension
				5.1.2	 Hypertensive Emergency: Hypertensive Urgency
			5.2	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		6	 Cardiac Arrhythmias
			6.1	 Mechanism of Development
			6.2	 Tachyarrhythmias
				6.2.1	 Sinus Tachycardia
				6.2.2	 Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) (Fig. 8.10)
				6.2.3	 Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (Fig. 8.11)
				6.2.4	 Atrial Flutter (AFL) (Fig. 8.12)
				6.2.5	 Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) (Fig. 8.13)
				6.2.6	 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome (Fig. 8.14)
				6.2.7	 Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) (Fig. 8.15)
				6.2.8	 Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) (Fig. 8.16)
				6.2.9	 Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) (Fig. 8.17)
			6.3	 Bradyarrhythmias
				6.3.1	 Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS)
				6.3.2	 Atrioventricular Block (AV Block)
			6.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		7	 Cardiovascular Medicine
			7.1	 Antithrombotic Drugs
				7.1.1	 Anticoagulants
				7.1.2	 Antiplatelet Agents
			7.2	 Antihypertensive Drug
			7.3	 Antianginal Drugs
			7.4	 Antiarrhythmic Drugs
			7.5	 Heart Failure Drugs/Hypertensive Drugs
			7.6	 Assisted Circulatory Devices Mainly Used in Acute Heart Hailure
				7.6.1	 Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping (IABP)
				7.6.2	 Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)/Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support (PCPS)
				7.6.3	 Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)
			7.7	 Other Latest Cardiovascular Medicine
				7.7.1	 Biventricular Pacing (Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: CRT)
				7.7.2	 Catheter Treatment of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
				7.7.3	 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
				7.7.4	 Transcatheter Mitral Valve Clipping
			7.8	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		References
	9: Cerebrovascular Diseases
		1	 Intracranial Hemorrhage
			1.1	 Brain Hemorrhage
			1.2	 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
			1.3	 Chronic Subdural Hemorrhage
			1.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.4.1	 Clinical Consideration in Dentistry
				1.4.2	 Treatment Planning and Treatment Considerations in Dentistry
				1.4.3	 Safe Use of Local Anesthesia in Patients with Hypertension to Reduce the Risk of Brain Hemorrhage: With Special Attention to the Dose of the Vasoconstrictor Adrenaline
		2	 Brain Infarction and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
			2.1	 Brain Infarction
			2.2	 Characteristics of Clinical Types
				2.2.1	 Lacunar Infarction
				2.2.2	 Atherothrombotic Infarction
				2.2.3	 Cardioembolic Infarction
			2.3	 Treatment of Brain Infarction
				2.3.1	 Acute Phase Treatment
				2.3.2	 Chronic Phase Drug Treatment
				2.3.3	 Surgical Treatment of Chronic Brain Infarction
			2.4	 Transient Ischemic Attack
			2.5	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.5.1	 Clinical Consideration in Dentistry
				2.5.2	 Treatment Planning and Treatment Considerations in Dentistry
		References
	10: Digestive Diseases
		1	 Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer [1–3]
			1.1	 Introduction
			1.2	 Pathophysiology
				1.2.1	 H. pylori
				1.2.2	 NSAIDs and Low-Dose Aspirin
				1.2.3	 Non-H. pylori and Non-NSAIDs
			1.3	 Symptoms
			1.4	 Diagnosis
				1.4.1	 Endoscopic Diagnosis
				1.4.2	 Diagnosis of H. pylori Infection
			1.5	 Treatment
			1.6	 Prognosis
			1.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		2	 Acute/Chronic Hepatitis (Viral Hepatitis) [8, 9]
			2.1	 Disease Concept (Definition)
			2.2	 Pathophysiology
			2.3	 Epidemiology
			2.4	 Categories
			2.5	 Symptoms
			2.6	 Clinical Examination
			2.7	 Treatment
				2.7.1	 HBV
				2.7.2	 HCV
			2.8	 Prognosis
				2.8.1	 Acute Viral Hepatitis (HAV to HEV)
				2.8.2	 Chronic Viral Hepatitis (HBV, HCV)
			2.9	 Recent Findings
			2.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [10–13]
				2.10.1	 Associated with Hepatitis Occurring in the Jaw and Mouth Region: Signs of Liver Dysfunction
				2.10.2	 Points to Keep in Mind During Dental Treatment
					General Considerations
					Control of Hospital Infection
		3	 Liver Cirrhosis [14–16]
			3.1	 Concept and Pathophysiology
			3.2	 Epidemiology and Etiology
			3.3	 Clinical Classification
			3.4	 Clinical Symptoms
			3.5	 Clinical Examinations
			3.6	 Treatment and Prognosis
			3.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.7.1	 Gingival Bleeding Tendency
				3.7.2	 Dental Treatment Plan
				3.7.3	 Complications
				3.7.4	 Selecting a Safe Local Anesthetic
		4	 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
			4.1	 Concept of the Disease
			4.2	 Pathophysiology
			4.3	 Epidemiology
			4.4	 Categories
			4.5	 Endoscopic Classification
			4.6	 Clinical Symptoms
			4.7	 Clinical Examination
			4.8	 Diseases That Need to Be Differentiated from GERD
			4.9	 GERD Treatment
			4.10	 Prognosis
			4.11	 Recent Findings
			4.12	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				4.12.1	 Masticatory Dysfunction
				4.12.2	 Acid Erosion by Acid Regurgitation
				4.12.3	 Salivary Hyposecretion and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
				4.12.4	 The Relationship Between Brachycephaly and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
		5	 Inflammatory Bowel Disease [25–31]
			5.1	 Ulcerative Colitis
				5.1.1	 Disease Overview
				5.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				5.1.3	 Epidemiology
				5.1.4	 Classification
				5.1.5	 Symptoms
				5.1.6	 Clinical Examinations
				5.1.7	 Treatment
				5.1.8	 Latest Findings
			5.2	 Crohn’s Disease
				5.2.1	 Disease Overview
				5.2.2	 Pathophysiology
				5.2.3	 Epidemiology
				5.2.4	 Classification
				5.2.5	 Symptoms
				5.2.6	 Clinical Examinations
				5.2.7	 Treatment
			5.3	 Intestinal Behçet’s Disease
				5.3.1	 Disease Overview
				5.3.2	 Epidemiology
				5.3.3	 Symptoms
				5.3.4	 Clinical Examinations
				5.3.5	 Treatment
				5.3.6	 Latest Findings
			5.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		6	 Gastrointestinal Polyposis
			6.1	 Concept
			6.2	 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
				6.2.1	 Disease Overview
				6.2.2	 Pathophysiology
				6.2.3	 Epidemiology
				6.2.4	 Classification
				6.2.5	 Symptoms
				6.2.6	 Clinical Examination
				6.2.7	 Treatment
				6.2.8	 Prognosis
				6.2.9	 Recent Findings
			6.3	 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
				6.3.1	 Disease Overview
				6.3.2	 Pathophysiology
				6.3.3	 Epidemiology
				6.3.4	 Symptoms
				6.3.5	 Clinical Examination
				6.3.6	 Treatment
				6.3.7	 Prognosis
				6.3.8	 Recent Findings
			6.4	 Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
				6.4.1	 Disease Overview
				6.4.2	 Pathophysiology
				6.4.3	 Epidemiology
				6.4.4	 Classification
				6.4.5	 Symptoms
				6.4.6	 Clinical Examination
				6.4.7	 Treatment
				6.4.8	 Prognosis
				6.4.9	 Recent Findings
			6.5	 Cowden’s Disease
				6.5.1	 Disease Overview
				6.5.2	 Pathophysiology
				6.5.3	 Epidemiology
				6.5.4	 Symptoms
				6.5.5	 Clinical Examination
				6.5.6	 Treatment
				6.5.7	 Prognosis
				6.5.8	 Recent Findings
			6.6	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				6.6.1	 Familial Adenomatosis of the Colon
				6.6.2	 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
				6.6.3	 Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
				6.6.4	 Cowden’s Disease
		References
	11: Malignant Diseases
		1	 Lung Cancer/Bone Metastasis
			1.1	 Concept and Pathophysiology
			1.2	 Epidemiology
			1.3	 Classification
			1.4	 Symptoms
				1.4.1	 Symptoms Caused by the Primary Tumor
				1.4.2	 Symptoms Caused by Compression and Invasion of Adjacent Neighboring Organ
				1.4.3	 Symptoms Due to Distant Metastasis
			1.5	 Clinical Examination and Diagnosis
			1.6	 Treatment
				1.6.1	 Small-Cell Lung Cancer
				1.6.2	 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
			1.7	 Prognosis
			1.8	 Recent Findings
		2	 Gastric Cancer
			2.1	 Concept
			2.2	 Pathophysiology
			2.3	 Symptoms
			2.4	 Diagnosis
			2.5	 Prevention and Screening
			2.6	 Treatment
		3	 Colorectal Cancer [6–9]
			3.1	 Concept
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Epidemiology
			3.4	 Categories
			3.5	 Symptoms
			3.6	 Clinical Examinations
				3.6.1	 Fecal Occult Blood Test
				3.6.2	 Colonoscopy
				3.6.3	 Enterography
				3.6.4	 CT, MRI, PET Scan
				3.6.5	 Capsule Endoscopy, CT Colonography
				3.6.6	 Blood Test
			3.7	 Treatment
			3.8	 Prognosis
			3.9	 Recent Findings
		4	 Perioperative Period
			4.1	 Check the Stage of the Cancer
			4.2	 Confirmation of Treatment Plan
			4.3	 Oral Environment
			4.4	 Radiation Therapy
			4.5	 Drug Therapy
			4.6	Susceptibility to Infection
		References
	12: Metabolic Diseases
		1	 Diabetes Mellitus
			1.1	 An Overview of Diabetes Mellitus
			1.2	 Hormones Associated with Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels
				1.2.1	 Insulin
				1.2.2	 Glucagon
				1.2.3	 Incretins
			1.3	 Epidemiology
			1.4	 Classification
				1.4.1	 Etiological Classification (Table 12.1) [2, 3]
				1.4.2	 Pathophysiological Classification
			1.5	 Symptoms
			1.6	 Blood Tests
			1.7	 Diagnosis
			1.8	 Complications
				1.8.1	 Acute Complications
				1.8.2	 Chronic Complications
			1.9	 Treatment
				1.9.1	 Objective
				1.9.2	 Actual Treatment
			1.10	 Hypoglycemia
			1.11	 Metabolic Syndrome
			1.12	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.12.1	 Precautions on Dental Treatment
				1.12.2	 On the Use of Local Anesthetics and Epinephrine
				1.12.3	 Oral Complications
				1.12.4	 What to Do in a Situation Where It Is Better to Extract a Tooth Even with a High HbA1c
		2	 Dyslipidemia
			2.1	 General Statement of Lipid Metabolism
			2.2	 Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia
			2.3	 Pathogenesis of Dyslipidemia
			2.4	 Symptoms of Dyslipidemia
			2.5	 Management Goals for Dyslipidemia
			2.6	 Treatment of Dyslipidemia
			2.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.7.1	 Dyslipidemia and Oral Diseases
					Dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis
					Relationship between periodontal disease and arteriosclerotic disease
		3	 Osteoporosis [31–33]
			3.1	 Concept of the Disease
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Epidemiology
			3.4	 Classification
			3.5	 Symptoms
			3.6	 Clinical Examination
			3.7	 Diagnosis
			3.8	 Treatment
			3.9	 Prognosis
			3.10	 Precautions in Dental Treatment: About RANKL
			3.11	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.11.1	 Osteoporosis Is Increasing
				3.11.2	 Problems of Osteoporosis and Dental Treatment
				3.11.3	 Osteoporosis Medication and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ)
				3.11.4	 Common Sites and Risk Factors for ONJ
				3.11.5	 Not All Osteoporosis Drugs Cause ONJ
				3.11.6	 Frequency of ONJ
				3.11.7	 Drug Cessation
				3.11.8	 Dental Treatment of Patients Taking BP or the Other Anti-resorptive Agents
		4	 Amyloidosis [36–39]
			4.1	 Overview
			4.2	 Cause and Classification
			4.3	 Clinical Image
			4.4	 Examination and Diagnosis
			4.5	 Treatment and Prognosis
			4.6	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		References
	13: Kidney Diseases
		1	 Nephritis [1–3]
			1.1	 Acute Glomerulonephritis
				1.1.1	 Definition
				1.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				1.1.3	 Epidemiology
				1.1.4	 Symptoms
				1.1.5	 Clinical Examination
				1.1.6	 Treatment
				1.1.7	 Prognosis
			1.2	 Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
				1.2.1	 Definition
				1.2.2	 Pathophysiology
				1.2.3	 Epidemiology
				1.2.4	 Symptoms
				1.2.5	 Clinical Examination
				1.2.6	 Treatment
				1.2.7	 Prognosis
			1.3	 Chronic Glomerulonephritis
				1.3.1	 Definition
				1.3.2	 Pathophysiology
				1.3.3	 Epidemiology
				1.3.4	 Classification
					IgA Nephropathy
			1.4	 Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
				1.4.1	 Pathophysiology
				1.4.2	 Symptoms
				1.4.3	 Clinical Examination
				1.4.4	 Treatment and Prognosis
		2	 Acute Renal Failure [4–7]
			2.1	 Disease Overview
			2.2	 Pathophysiology
			2.3	 Epidemiology
			2.4	 Categories
				2.4.1	 Prerenal
				2.4.2	 Renal
				2.4.3	 Postrenal
			2.5	 Symptoms
			2.6	 Laboratory Examination
			2.7	 Treatment
			2.8	 Prognosis
			2.9	 Recent Findings
		3	 Chronic Renal Failure [8–10]
			3.1	 Disease Overview
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Epidemiology
			3.4	 Symptoms
			3.5	 Clinical Examination
				3.5.1	 Urinalysis
				3.5.2	 Blood Test
				3.5.3	 Diagnostic Imaging
				3.5.4	 Evaluation of Renal Function
			3.6	 Treatment
				3.6.1	 Lifestyle Guidance and Diet Therapy
				3.6.2	 Blood Pressure Control
				3.6.3	 Anemia Management
				3.6.4	 Others
			3.7	 Prognosis
			3.8	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.8.1	 Oral Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure
				3.8.2	 Problems and Drug Metabolism During Dental Treatment
		References
	14: Hematologic Diseases
		1	 Anemia [1–3]
			1.1	 Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia (Table 14.1)
				1.1.1	 Iron-Deficiency Anemia
				1.1.2	 Sideroblastic Anemia
				1.1.3	 Thalassemia
			1.2	 Macrocytic Anemia (Table 14.2)
				1.2.1	 Megaloblastic Anemia
				1.2.2	 Non-megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia
			1.3	 Normocytic Normochromic Anemia (Table 14.3)
				1.3.1	 Aplastic Anemia
				1.3.2	 Hemolytic Anemia
				1.3.3	 Secondary Anemia
			1.4	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.4.1	 Types of Anemia
					Iron-Deficiency Anemia
					Megaloblastic Anemia
					Aplastic Anemia
		2	 Leukemia
			2.1	 Disease Overview, Pathogenesis, and Symptoms
			2.2	 Causes of Leukemia
			2.3	 Epidemiology
			2.4	 Classification
				2.4.1	 Classification of Acute Leukemia
				2.4.2	 Classification of Chronic Leukemia
			2.5	 Symptoms
				2.5.1	 Acute Leukemia
				2.5.2	 Chronic Leukemia
			2.6	 Clinical Examination
				2.6.1	 Blood Test
				2.6.2	 Bone Marrow Examination
				2.6.3	 Imaging Tests (X-Ray, CT, Etc.)
			2.7	 Treatment
				2.7.1	 Chemotherapy
				2.7.2	 Irradiation Therapy
				2.7.3	 Intrathecal Therapy
				2.7.4	 Transplantation Therapy
			2.8	 Prognosis
			2.9	 Recent Findings
			2.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [3]
				2.10.1	 Types of Leukemia
				2.10.2	 GVHD
		3	 Hemophilia
			3.1	 Disease Overview
			3.2	 Pathophysiology
			3.3	 Epidemiology
			3.4	 Classification
			3.5	 Symptoms [6, 7]
			3.6	 Clinical Examination
			3.7	 Treatment
			3.8	 Inhibitor-Possessing Hemophilia and Its Treatment
			3.9	 Physical Treatment
			3.10	 Prognosis
			3.11	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.11.1	 Clinical Examination
				3.11.2	 Precautions for Dental Treatment
		4	 Malignant Lymphoma (ML)
			4.1	 Disease Concept
			4.2	 Pathophysiology
			4.3	 Epidemiology
			4.4	 Classification
			4.5	 Symptoms
			4.6	 Clinical Examination
			4.7	 Treatment
				4.7.1	 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
				4.7.2	 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
				4.7.3	 Follicular Lymphoma
				4.7.4	 Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
			4.8	 Prognosis
			4.9	 Recent Findings
			4.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [5, 19, 20]
				4.10.1	 Malignant Lymphoma Arising in the Oral Cavity
				4.10.2	 Treatment
		References
	15: Immune System Diseases
		1	 Rheumatoid Arthritis [1–4]
			1.1	 What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
			1.2	 Pathoetiology
			1.3	 Epidemiology
			1.4	 Pathophysiology
			1.5	 Symptoms of RA
			1.6	 Diagnosis
			1.7	 Clinical Examination
			1.8	 Imaging Findings of RA
			1.9	 Treatment
			1.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.10.1	 Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint [5–9]
				1.10.2	 Methotrexate-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disease (MTX-LPD) and RA Drug-Induced Stomatitis
		2	 Collagen Disease [10–13]
			2.1	 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: SLE
				2.1.1	 Disease Overview
				2.1.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.1.3	 Epidemiology
				2.1.4	 Symptoms
				2.1.5	 Clinical Examination
				2.1.6	 Treatment
				2.1.7	 Prognosis
			2.2	 Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)
				2.2.1	 Disease Overview
				2.2.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.2.3	 Epidemiology
				2.2.4	 Classification
				2.2.5	 Symptoms
				2.2.6	 Clinical Examination
				2.2.7	 Treatment
				2.2.8	 Prognosis
			2.3	 Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis: PM/DM
				2.3.1	 Disease Overview
				2.3.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.3.3	 Epidemiology
				2.3.4	 Symptoms
				2.3.5	 Clinical Examination
				2.3.6	 Treatment
				2.3.7	 Prognosis
			2.4	 Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS)
				2.4.1	 Disease Overview
				2.4.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.4.3	 Epidemiology
				2.4.4	 Classification
				2.4.5	 Symptoms
				2.4.6	 Clinical Examination
				2.4.7	 Treatment
				2.4.8	 Prognosis
			2.5	 Mikulicz’ Disease
			2.6	 Behçet’s Disease (BD)
				2.6.1	 Disease Overview
				2.6.2	 Pathophysiology
				2.6.3	 Epidemiology
				2.6.4	 Symptoms
				2.6.5	 Clinical Examination
				2.6.6	 Treatment
				2.6.7	 Prognosis
			2.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.7.1	 Dental Treatment Problems Caused by Collagen Disease Itself
					Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
					Systemic Scleroderma
					Sjögren’s Syndrome
				2.7.2	 Dental Treatment Problems Caused by Collagen Disease Drugs
					Infectious Disease Problems
					The Problem of Steroid Coverage
					Problems with Osteoporosis Drugs
					Problems in Antithrombotic Therapy
				2.7.3	 Precautions for Implant Treatment in Patients with Xerostomia
		3	 Allergic Disease
			3.1	 General Discussion
				3.1.1	 Type I Allergy
				3.1.2	 Type II Allergy
				3.1.3	 Type III Allergy
				3.1.4	 Type IV Allergy
				3.1.5	 Type V Allergy
			3.2	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				3.2.1	 Allergies Related to Dentistry
					Oral Allergy Syndrome [17]
					Allergy to Local Anesthetics
					Allergy to Dental Materials (Metal)
		References
	16: Neurological Diseases
		1	 Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
			1.1	 Definition
			1.2	 Pathophysiology
			1.3	 Epidemiology
			1.4	 Classification
			1.5	 Symptoms
				1.5.1	 Cognitive Dysfunction
				1.5.2	 Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: BPSD
				1.5.3	 Others
			1.6	 Clinical Examination
				1.6.1	 Psychological Test
				1.6.2	 Blood Test
				1.6.3	 Neuroimaging
			1.7	 Diagnosis
			1.8	 Treatment
				1.8.1	 Drug Therapy
				1.8.2	 Non-Drug Therapy
			1.9	 Prognosis
			1.10	 Recent Findings
			1.11	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.11.1	 Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s Disease
				1.11.2	 Dysphagia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
				1.11.3	 Dental Treatment and Oral Care for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
		2	 Epilepsy [27–29]
			2.1	 What Is Epilepsy?
			2.2	 Epidemiology
			2.3	 Classification
			2.4	 Interview for Epilepsy Diagnosis
			2.5	 Diseases that Need to be Differentiated from Epilepsy (Table 16.3)
			2.6	 Procedure for the Diagnosis of Epilepsy [29]
			2.7	 What to Do During an Epileptic Seizure
			2.8	 Drug Treatment of Epilepsy
			2.9	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [30–34]
				2.9.1	 Oral Cavity of Epileptic Patients
				2.9.2	 Confirmations Before Dental Treatment
				2.9.3	 Precautions for Dental Treatment
				2.9.4	 What to Do During an Epileptic Seizure
		3	 Parkinson’s Disease
			3.1	 Introduction
			3.2	 Pathogenic Factors
			3.3	 Parkinson’s Disease Clinical Syndrome
			3.4	 Diagnosis
			3.5	 Treatment
			3.6	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [37–39]
				3.6.1	 Oral Cavity of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
				3.6.2	 Confirmations Before Dental Treatment
				3.6.3	 Precautions for Dental Treatment
					In the Treatment Room
					Clinic Hours
					Local Anesthetics
					During Dental Treatment
				3.6.4	 Oral Management
		4	 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [40, 41]
			4.1	 Concepts and Definitions
			4.2	 Pathophysiology
			4.3	 Epidemiology
			4.4	 Symptoms
				4.4.1	 Subjective Symptoms
				4.4.2	 Objective Symptoms
			4.5	 Clinical Examination
				4.5.1	 Needle Electromyogram
				4.5.2	 Peripheral Nerve Conduction Test
				4.5.3	 MRI
			4.6	 Classification
			4.7	 Treatment
			4.8	 Recent Findings
			4.9	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
		References
	17: Neuropsychiatry Diseases
		1	 Schizophrenia
			1.1	 Concept, Definition, and Pathophysiology
			1.2	 Symptoms
				1.2.1	 Hallucinations
				1.2.2	 Delusion
				1.2.3	 Disturbance of Self-Awareness
				1.2.4	 Obstacles to Thought Path
				1.2.5	 Abnormalities of Mood
				1.2.6	 Impairment of Motivation
				1.2.7	 Neurocognitive Dysfunction
			1.3	 Treatment
			1.4	 Medical Considerations in Dental Interventions
			1.5	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.5.1	 Dentist Issues
				1.5.2	 Points to Keep in Mind During Dental Treatment
					Dental Caries
					Denture
				1.5.3	 Nagasaki University Hospital
				1.5.4	 Summary
		2	 Depression/Bipolar Disorder
			2.1	 Disease Overview
			2.2	 Pathophysiology
			2.3	 Epidemiology
			2.4	 Classifications
			2.5	 Symptoms
			2.6	 Clinical Examination
			2.7	 Treatment
				2.7.1	 Depression
				2.7.2	 Bipolar Disorder
			2.8	 Prognosis
				2.8.1	 Depression
				2.8.2	 Bipolar Disorder
			2.9	 Recent Findings, etc.
			2.10	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.10.1	 Epinephrine–Phenothiazine Interaction
		3	 Alcoholism and Drug Dependency
			3.1	 About Dependence Syndrome
			3.2	 Diagnosis of Dependence Syndrome and Alcohol Dependence (Table 17.2)
			3.3	 Major Physical Diseases Comorbid with Alcohol Dependence (Table 17.3)
			3.4	 Primary Care for Dependency
			3.5	 Medical Considerations in Dental Interventions
				3.5.1	 Alcohol Dependence and Poor Oral Hygiene
				3.5.2	 Withdrawal Syndrome Due to Discontinuation of Alcohol Use or Substance Use, and Substance Use
				3.5.3	 How to Proceed with Treatment According to the Condition
				3.5.4	 Comorbid Physical Complications
				3.5.5	 Medication During Dental Anesthesia and Surgery
				3.5.6	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
					Alcoholism
					Drug Dependence
		References
	18: Infectious Diseases
		1	 Microbial Substitution
			1.1	 Disease Overview and Pathophysiology
			1.2	 Epidemiology
			1.3	 Symptoms
			1.4	 Clinical Examination and Diagnosis
			1.5	 Treatment and Infection Control
			1.6	 Recent Findings
		2	 AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
			2.1	 Introduction
			2.2	 Disease Overview
			2.3	 Pathophysiology
			2.4	 Epidemiology
			2.5	 Symptoms and Diagnosis
			2.6	 Classification
			2.7	 Infection Control
			2.8	 Treatment
			2.9	 Prognosis
			2.10	 Recent Findings
			2.11	 Conclusion
			2.12	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				2.12.1	 Dental Treatment of Patients with AIDS (HIV Infection)
				2.12.2	 Precautions for Dental Treatment
		References
	19: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
		1	 Pregnancy and Lactation
			1.1	 Establishment of Pregnancy
				1.1.1	 Pregnancy
			1.2	 Physiology of Pregnancy
				1.2.1	 Material Metabolism
				1.2.2	 Changes in the Cardiovascular System
				1.2.3	 Circulating Blood Volume
				1.2.4	 Blood Pressure
				1.2.5	 Urinary System
				1.2.6	 Digestive System
				1.2.7	 Endocrine System
				1.2.8	 Blood Changes
			1.3	 Diseases in Early Pregnancy
				1.3.1	 Hyperemesis Gravidarum
				1.3.2	 Miscarriage
				1.3.3	 Ectopic Pregnancy
				1.3.4	 Maternal Viral Infection
			1.4	 Pregnancy Complications
				1.4.1	 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
					Pathophysiology and Factors of HDP
					Classification by Symptom
					Maternal Management and Treatment
					Fetal Management
					Indications for Cesarean Section in HDP
				1.4.2	 Gestational Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Poor Blood Glucose Control
			1.5	 Postpartum Depression
			1.6	 Lactation
				1.6.1	 Relationship Between Sex Hormones and Mammary Glands
				1.6.2	 Hormones Involved in the Structure and Function of the Mammary Gland
				1.6.3	 Maternal Infections and Lactation
				1.6.4	 Medication and Breastfeeding
			1.7	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective [27–32]
				1.7.1	 Timing Suitable for Dental Treatment (Dental Surgery)
				1.7.2	 Effects of Dental Radiation
				1.7.3	 Influence of Dental Medication: Antibiotics and Analgesics (NSAIDs)
					Antibiotics
					Analgesics
				1.7.4	 Local Anesthesia
				1.7.5	 Oral Lesions Due to Pregnancy
					Pregnancy Gingivitis
					Pregnancy Epulis
					Herpes Gestationis (Pemphigoid Gestationis)
				1.7.6	 Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
		References
	20: Organ Transplantation (Bone Marrow Transplantation, Liver Transplantation)
		1	 Organ Transplantation
			1.1	Introduction
			1.2	 The History of Transplantation Medicine
			1.3	 Organ Donation
			1.4	 Rejection
			1.5	 GVHD
			1.6	 Bone Marrow Transplantation and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
				1.6.1	 Bone Marrow Transplantation
				1.6.2	 Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
			1.7	 Liver Transplantation
				1.7.1	 Indications for Liver Transplantation
					1. Children
					2. Adults
				1.7.2	 Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation
				1.7.3	 Living Partial Liver Transplantation
			1.8	 Notes from Dentistry Perspective
				1.8.1	 Pre- and Posttransplant Oral Status and Response
					Before Transplantation
					Treatment of Stomatitis After Pretreatment (Chemotherapy, Total-Body Irradiation) and During Transplantation Therapy
					Oral Care After Transplantation
		References