Interfacial Physical Chemistry of High-Temperature Melts

Preface to the Japanese edition
Preface to the English edition
1. Introduction
1.1 Interfacial physical chemistry
1.2 Interface-evolved world
1.3 Relation to engineering
2. Fundamentals of treating the interface
2.1 Interface
2.2 Thermodynamic treatment of the interface
2.2.1 Gibbs’s method
2.2.2 Surface tension
2.2.2.i) Thermodynamic interpretation of surface tension
2.2.2.ii) Surface tension and the position of the dividing surface
2.2.2.iii) Surface tension and radius of curvature
2.2.2.iv) Surface tension and binding energy
2.2.2.v) Surface tension and temperature
2.2.2.vi) Surface tension and surface stress
2.3 Mechanical treatment of interface
2.3.1 Mechanical interpretation of surface tension
2.3.2 Laplace’s equation
2.3.3 Marangoni effect
2.4 Interfacial phenomena at equilibrium
2.4.1 Adsorption
2.4.2 Wetting
2.4.2.i) Classification of wetting
2.4.2.ii) Measure of wetting
2.4.2.iii) Extension of wetting concept
2.4.3 Effect of curvature
2.4.3.i) Vapor pressure
2.4.3.ii) Heat of vaporization
2.4.3.iii) Melting point
2.4.3.iv) Solubility
2.4.3.v) Phase rule
2.4.4 Nucleation
2.4.4.i) Homogeneous nucleation
2.4.4.ii) Heterogeneous nucleation
2.5 Interfacial properties and phenomena at non-equilibrium
2.5.1 Interfacial properties
2.5.1.i) Surface tension
2.5.1.ii) Interfacial tension
2.5.1.iii) Wettability (contact angle)
2.5.2 Interfacial phenomenon
2.5.2.i) Nucleation rate
2.5.2.ii) Marangoni effect
2.5.2.iii) Dispersion
2.5.2.iv) Penetration
3. Interfacial property of high-temperature melts
3.1 Notes on measurement values
3.1.1 Measurement error
3.1.2 Difficulties in measurements
3.1.2.i) Surface tension of metal
3.1.2.ii) Surface tension of slag
3.1.2.iii) Interfacial tension between slag and metal
3.1.2.iv) Wettability (contact angle)
3.2 Surface/interfacial tension
3.2.1 Surface tension of metal
3.2.2 Surface tension of slag
3.2.3 Slag/metal interfacial tension
3.3 Wettability between metal and ceramics
3.3.1 Characteristics of wetting between molten metal and oxide
3.3.2 Effect of chemical composition of metal and oxide
3.3.3 Physical form and factor of surface
3.3.3.i) Surface roughness
3.3.3.ii) Structure of interface
3.4 Databook and review paper
3.4.1 Databook
3.4.2 Review
4. Interfacial phenomena of high-temperature melts and materials processing
4.1 Interfacial phenomena in the steel refining process
4.1.1 Wetting
4.1.1.i) Behavior of injected argon gas in continuous casting process
4.1.1.ii) Penetration† of slag and metal into refractory
4.1.2 Nucleation of alumina in aluminum deoxidation processes in molten steel
4.1.3 Others
4.1.3.i) Dispersion
4.1.3.ii) Adsorption
4.2 Marangoni effect in materials processing
4.2.1 Direct observation of Marangoni effect occurring in high-temperature melts
4.2.1.i) Marangoni convection due to temperature gradient
4.2.1.ii) Expansion and contraction of a slag droplet caused by electric potential change
4.2.1.iii) Motion of slag film caused by concentration gradient
4.2.2 Local corrosion of refractory
4.2.2.i) Oxide refractory
4.2.2.ii) Oxide-non-oxide composite refractory
4.2.3 Motion of fine particles in liquid under interfacial tension gradient
4.2.3.i) Motion of fine bubbles in aqueous solution under surface tension gradient
4.2.3.ii) Engulfment and pushing of fine particles at the solidification interface
4.2.3.iii) Clogging of immersion nozzle