Intercultural Competence for College and University Students: A Global Guide for Employability and Social Change

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Boxes
List of Thought Boxes
1 What Is Intercultural Competence and Why Do We Need It?
	Diversity: Why Is It so Important?
	Diversity: How Is It Valuable?
	Inequalities: Why Worry About Them?
	Cultural Conflicts: How Are They Related to Intercultural Competence?
	Intercultural Competence: What if I Think I Already Am Interculturally Competent?
		“I’ve Lived Abroad”
		“I’ve Travelled Extensively”
		“I’ve Studied Foreign Languages”
		“I am From a Bi- or Multicultural Background”
		“I am a Minority Group Member”
		“I’m Already Open Minded and Don’t Hold Stereotypes and Prejudices”
		“I Have Friends From Other Cultures”
	Contents: What Is in This Book?
	Uses: How Might This Book Be Helpful?
	References
2 What Is Culture?
	Culture: How Is It Defined?
	Levels of Culture: How Do I Know if It Is Deep or Shallow?
	Deep Culture: What Are the Common Values?
		Context: High Versus Low
		Identity: Individualism Versus Collectivism
		Holding Power: Small Versus Large Distance
		Uncertainty Avoidance: Risk Taker Versus Risk Avoider
		Gender Roles: Masculinity Versus Femininity
		Time Orientation: Long-Term Versus Short-Term
		Freedom: Indulgence Versus Restraint
		Can These Broad Categories Really Help Us to Understand Cultural Values?
	Identity: What Are My Cultural Values?
	Identity: How Is It Personal Versus Social?
	References
3 How Do We React to Cultural Difference?
	Prejudice: What Is It?
	Stereotypes: How Do We Group Individuals?
		Why Do We Stereotype?
		Can Stereotypes Ever Be Useful?
	Emotions: How Do We Feel About People?
	Behaviors: How Do We Discriminate by Treating Others Differently?
		Sexism
		Racism
		Other “-isms”
	Prejudices: Why Do We Develop Them?
		Conformity to Norms
		Social Identity Theory
		Power and Privilege
		Blaming the Victim
		Realistic Group Conflict Theory and Other Explanations
	Reducing Prejudice: How Do We Do It?
	References
4 How Do We Define Intercultural Competence?
	Terminology: What’s in a Term?
	Building Blocks: How Do We Define and Explain Intercultural Competence?
	Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: How Are They Incorporated into Intercultural Competence?
	Interactions: How Is Intercultural Understanding Achieved?
	Development: What Are the Important Milestones in Developing Intercultural Competence?
		Denial
		Defense
		Minimization
		Acceptance
		Adaptation
		Integration
		How Is the Developmental Process Relevant to Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills?
	Context: How Will Those Around Me Influence My Development?
	Exceptions to the Rule: What Are My Limits?
	Intercultural Recognition: How Do I Know if It Is an Intercultural Interaction?
	Prioritization: Which Competencies Are Most Important?
	Evaluation: How Do I Know How Interculturally Competent I Am?
	Action Planning: How Can I Identify Steps to Enhance My Intercultural Competence?
	Culturally Distinct Models of Intercultural Competence: Are There Other Ways to Look at This?
	References
5 How Can We Develop Intercultural Competence While at College or University?
	Developing Intercultural Competence at College/University: Where Do I Begin?
	Initiatives Fostering the Development of Intercultural Competence: What Are They?
	Internationalization: How Are Colleges and Universities Internationalizing?
		Study or Work Abroad
		Domestic and International Student Integration
		Culture-Related Clubs and Societies
		Intercultural Courses/Training for Students
		Training for Staff/Intercultural Courses
	Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: How Are Universities Ensuring Equality and Inclusion and Promoting Diversity?
	The Same or Different: What Are the Synergies Between Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion and Internationalization?
	Off Campus: What Are the Opportunities?
	Other Possibilities: How Else Might Intercultural Competence Be Developed?
	Learning a Foreign Language: How Can It Help?
	Intercultural (Global) Citizenship and Education for Democratic Citizenship: How Are They Related to Intercultural Competence?
	References
6 What Are Critical Incidents and How Can We Get the Most Out of Them?
	Critical Incidents: How Do I Identify Them?
	Critical Incidents: How Can I Learn from Them?
		Sample Analysis of a Critical Incident
	Making Lemonade Out of Lemons: How Do I Turn Negatives into Positives?
	Mediating Misunderstandings: What Are Common Misunderstandings and How Can I be an Intercultural Mediator?
	Competencies for Critical Incidents: Which Are the Most Important?
		Critical Cultural Self-awareness
		Critical Thinking
		Empathy
	References
7 What Are the Links Between Intercultural Competence and Career Development?
	Intercultural Competence and Careers: Do Cultural Differences Really Matter?
	Equality, Diversity, Inclusion: What Changes are Organizations Making?
	Intercultural Competence and Employability: How Can I Use IC to Enhance My Career Prospects?
		Adjusting Your Job Search
		Researching Organizations
		Identifying Competencies
		Resume Considerations
		Preparing for Interviews
		Getting Career Advice
	References
8 How Can We All Be Intercultural Leaders?
	Using Intercultural Competence to Create Change: How Do I Go About Doing It?
	Intercultural Leadership: What Does It Mean?
	Intercultural Leaders: How Do I Become One?
	Debunking Myths: Aren’t Leaders just Born?
	Towards Social Change in Organizations and the Wider World: What Is Organizational Cultural Competence?
	Towards Social Change in Organizations and the Wider World: What Is Corporate Social Responsibility?
	No Conclusion: Instead, What Is Your Plan for the Intercultural Adventure?
	References
Appendix A Intercultural Competence Self-assessment
Appendix B Intercultural Action Plan
Appendix C Intercultural Citizenship Self-assessment
Appendix D Critical Incident Analysis
Index