Intelligent Computing & Optimization: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Optimization 2022 (ICO2022)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Metaheuristics and Artificial Intelligence Applications
On Coupling a Content-Based Routing Process with a Multi-label Residual Convolutional Neural Network Text Classifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Understanding the Target Output
		2.2 Model Definition
		2.3 Input Data
		2.4 Implementation Process
	3 Experimental Results and Performance Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Solving a Generalized Network Design Problem Using the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 The Proposed Archimedes Optimization Algorithm
	4 Numerical Experimentation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Performance Assessment of Multi Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Permeate Flux of Disc Shaped Membrane
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Generation
		2.2 Formulation of Problem
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Concepts of Multi-linear Regression (MLR) Analysis
		3.2 Concepts of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
		3.3 Data Normalization
		3.4 Performance Index
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Development of Model
		4.2 Performance Evaluation of Models
	5 Conclusions
	References
Early Fall Prediction Using Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Limitations of the Existing Works
		1.2 Research Contributions
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Convolutional Neural Network for Feature Extraction
		2.2 RNN Architecture
		2.3 LSTM Architecture
		2.4 Optimally Design of RNN-LSTM
	3 Performance Evaluation and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Metaheuristic Solver for Problems with Permutative Representation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Problem Definitions
		3.2 Proposed Solver
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Adaptive Metaheuristics for Evaluation-Number Constrained Optimization Problems
	1 Introduction
	2 ECO Problems and Their Adaptive Metaheuristics
	3 Application to DE
		3.1 DE
		3.2 Preparation
		3.3 Experimental Conditions and Method
		3.4 Experimental Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
CovTexMiner: Covid Text Mining Using CNN with Domain-Specific GloVe Embedding
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Corpus Development
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Covid-19 Text to Feature Extraction
		4.2 CNN-Based Covid-19 Text Mining
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Bell Pepper Leaf Disease Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Data Augmentation
		3.3 Proposed Convolutional Neural Network Model
		3.4 Training the Model and Classification of Bell Pepper Leaf Disease
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 System Configuration
		4.2 Training, Validation and Test Datasets
		4.3 Hyperparameters of Our CNN Model
		4.4 Performance Matrix
		4.5 Effects of Epochs
		4.6 Effects of Batches
		4.7 Effects of Filters
		4.8 Effects of Pooling
		4.9 Performance Analysis
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Surrogate-assisted Genetic Algorithm for Multi-project Scheduling
	1 Introduction
	2 RCMPSP Model
	3 Surrogate-assisted Genetic Algorithm (SaGA)
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Parameter Tuning
		4.2 Performance Evaluation of the Proposed SaGA
		4.3 Performance of Individual Operator on SaGA\'s Performance
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Image Classification for Identifying Social Gathering Types
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 System Architecture and Design
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Dataset Pre-processing
	4 Implementation and Experimental Result
		4.1 Experimental Set-Up
		4.2 Experimental Result
		4.3 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Implementation of Basic Ant-Colony Optimization Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Network Model
		3.2 Algorithm
	4 Experimental Result
		4.1 Experiment
		4.2 Result
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Future Work and Conclusion
	References
Neural Network Model for Predicting the Resource Efficiency of the Defecosaturation Department of a Sugar Factory
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Analysis
	3 Methods
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Influence of COVID and AI on Teaching and Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Effect of AI on Education
	3 Benefits of AI on Education
	4 Problems Associated with AI in Education
	5 Feedback
	6 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on DOOH Advertising: Message-Persuasion Level Enhancement Using Illusion Board and Personalized Insights
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Methodology
		2.1 Handling Data Privacy and Data Ethics Concerns
		2.2 Value Proposition and KPI’S
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
SWINC: Secured Wireless Intelligent Network Using Cryptography
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Public Key Generation Process
		2.2 Sender Side
		2.3 Receiver Side
		2.4 Signature Generation Process
		2.5 Signature Verification Process
	3 ECDSA System Model
	4 Proposed Model
	5 Future Research Direction and Conclusion
	References
Fall Detection System Based on Pose Estimation in Videos
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Methods
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Fall Detection Logic
		3.3 Evaluation Method
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Results
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoTs, Green IT and Cloud Computing
Detecting Spam SMS Using Self Attention Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 The Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Attention
		3.2 Activation Function
		3.3 Loss Function
		3.4 Model Selection
		3.5 Model Tuning
	4 Results and Observation
		4.1 SMS Dataset Description
		4.2 Performance Evaluation of Different Detection Models
		4.3 Hyper–parameters of Our Proposed Model
		4.4 Comparison
	5 Conclusion
	References
Sustainable and Profitable IT Infrastructure of Bangladesh Using Green IT
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Research Objective
		1.3 Research Questions
		1.4 Limitation of the Study
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Analysis Method
		3.3 Research Ethics
		3.4 Proposed Method
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Green Building
		4.2 Eco-Friendly Furniture
		4.3 Clean Energy Usage
		4.4 Energy-Efficient Electronics
		4.5 Efficient Hardware Usage
	5 Waste Management
		5.1 Green Finance and Investments
	6 Conclusion
		6.1 Challenges
		6.2 Research Findings
	References
Inter-application Communications Using Covert Channels in Android Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 File Handling Module
		3.2 Permission Extractor Module
		3.3 Covert Channel Detector Module
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Transfer Learning Based Method for Classification of Schizophrenia Using MobileNet
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Data Augmentation
		3.4 Transfer Learning
	4 Experimental Result
		4.1 Configuration of the System
		4.2 Training, Validation and Test Dataset
		4.3 Hyperparameters of Our Transfer Learning Model
		4.4 Matrices of Performance
		4.5 Result
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Cloud Computing in the Philippines: Adoption, Inhibition, and Trends
	1 Introduction
	2 Trends in Cloud Computing
		2.1 Global Domain
		2.2 Local Domain
	3 Applications of Cloud Computing
		3.1 Cloud Computing in Education
		3.2 Cloud Computing in Healthcare Industry
		3.3 Cloud Computing in Agriculture
		3.4 Cloud Computing in Big Data
		3.5 Cloud Computing in Banking and Finance
		3.6 Cloud Computing in Government
	4 Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cloud Computing in the Philippines
		4.1 Facilitating Factors
		4.2 Barriers and Constraints
	5 Impacts of Cloud Computing
		5.1 Economy and Industry
		5.2 Society
		5.3 Environment
	6 Policy Recommendations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Tomato Leaf Disease Classification Using Transfer Learning Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Data Perprocessing
		3.3 Data Augmentation
		3.4 Transfer Learning
	4 Experimental Result
		4.1 System Configuration
		4.2 Training, Validation and Test Datasets
		4.3 Hyperparameters of Our Transfer Learning Model
		4.4 Performance Matrices
		4.5 Result
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
SnTiEmd: Sentiment Specific Embedding Model Generation and Evaluation for a Resource Constraint Language
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Corpus Creation
		3.2 Embedding Model Training
		3.3 Embedding Model Evaluation
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Controlling Home Appliances Adopting Chatbot Using Machine Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System Architecture
		3.1 Text Preprocessing
		3.2 Extraction of Device Name
		3.3 Operation Extraction
		3.4 Store the Data
		3.5 Run the Operation
	4 Result
	5 Conclusions
	References
Masked Face Inpainting Using Generative Adversarial Network Based Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Mask Detection
		3.2 Face Region Generation
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Synthetic Dataset Generation
		4.2 Training Details
		4.3 Processing Examples of Face Inpainting
		4.4 Quantitative Evaluation
		4.5 Limitations
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Sustainable Approach Between Satellite and Traditional Broadband Transmission Technologies Based on Green IT
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methods and Procedures
		3.1 Comparative Analysis
		3.2 Consumer’s Point of View
		3.3 Proposed Methods to Make Broadband Internet Sustainable
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
UIT-ADF: A System for Android Device Forensics
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Device Communication Module
		3.2 Data Retrieval Module
		3.3 Report Generation Module
		3.4 System Activity Diagram
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Data Acquisition Results
		4.2 Results Comparison
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Emerging Technologies in the Philippines: Internet of Things (IoT)
	1 Introduction
	2 Trends in the Internet of Things in the Philippines
		2.1 Local Domain
	3 Factors Affecting IoT Adoption in the Philippines
		3.1 Facilitating Factors
		3.2 Obstacles and Limitations to Adoption
	4 Impacts of the Internet of Things
		4.1 Economy
		4.2 Industry, Manufacturing, and Labor
		4.3 Society
	5 Policy Recommendations
		5.1 Labor and Employment
		5.2 Human Resource Development and Education
		5.3 Government Policy and Laws
		5.4 Research, Development, and Innovation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Planning Optimization of Cylinder Distribution via IoT
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Step 1: Optimization Model
		3.1 Formulation
		3.2 Simulation Results
	4 Step 2: Heuristic Algorithm
	5 Step 3: Distributors Can Visit Customers in Any week
		5.1 Models and Results
		5.2 Advancing the week on Which Our Algorithm Started
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Accounting Information System Security
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Accounting Information System Security Risks
		3.1 Confidentiality of Accounting Data
		3.2 Integrity of Accounting Data
		3.3 Availability of Accounting Data
		3.4 Mechanisms Used to Reduce the Accounting Data Security Risks
	4 Proposed an Accounting Information System Using Blockchain
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
An IoT Prototype for Monitoring Covid19 Patients Using Real Time Data from Wearable Sensor Through Android App
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Three-Layer Architecture IoT
	4 System Design
	5 System Implementation and Experimental Result
	6 Data Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Development and Evaluation of an IoT-Based Smart Medication Monitoring System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Medication Monitoring Framework
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Sustainable E-waste Management System and Recycling Trade for Bangladesh in Green IT
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials and Method
		3.1 Yousuf Enterprise
		3.2 Azizu Recycling and E-Waste Company
		3.3 Proposed Method
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoT Based Smart Human Traffic Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Hardware Architecture
		3.2 IoT Integration
		3.3 File Management System
		3.4 Pseudocode of the Proposed System
	4 Testing Results
		4.1 System Functionality
		4.2 Sensors and Camera Performance
		4.3 System Performance
	5 Conclusion
	References
Improved Virtualization to Reduce e-Waste in Green Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Research Questions
	4 Data Analysis
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Proposed Solutions
		5.2 Challenges
		5.3 Discussion
		5.4 Conclusion
	References
Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Virtual Machine Applications
Content Based Email Spam Classifier as a Web Application Using Naïve Bayes Classifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Pre-processing
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Training
		3.4 Prediction
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Experimental Result
		4.2 Evaluation of Framework
		4.3 Implement This Output as a Web Application
	5 Conclusion
	References
Classifying Sentiments from Movie Reviews Using Deep Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 The Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Prepare the Movie Reviews for Converting Vector
		3.2 Conversion of Movie Reviews into Numeric Values
		3.3 Movie Review Sentiment Classification
	4 Results and Observation
		4.1 IMDB Dataset for Movie Review Sentiment
		4.2 Performance of Various Machine Learning Algorithms
		4.3 Movie Review Sentiment Classification Using Neural Network
		4.4 Movie Review Sentiment Classification Using CNN
		4.5 Movie Review Sentiment Classification Using LSTM
		4.6 Performance Comparison
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fitwave: A Posture Correction System Based on Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work and Our Contributions
	3 Human Pose Estimation
	4 Technical Approach
		4.1 Architecture
		4.2 Movenet
		4.3 Pose Monitoring
	5 Exercise Classifier
		5.1 Architecture
		5.2 Dataset
		5.3 Training and Testing Results
	6 Future Work and Conclusions
	References
Malware Detection and Classification Using Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Background
		3.1 Types of Malware
		3.2 The Portable Executable (PE) File Format
		3.3 Malware Feature Types
	4 Methodology
		4.1 System Overview
		4.2 System Development Method
	5 Results and Performance Analysis
		5.1 Dataset Description
		5.2 Evaluation of Performance
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Solving a Transportation Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Presentation
	3 Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning
	4 The ERL-Based Approach
	5 Computational Experimentation
		5.1 Applying the EA on the Attention Weights
		5.2 Applying the EA on the Dynamic Convolutional Weights
		5.3 Applying the EA on the Static Encoder Convolutional Weights
		5.4 Applying the EA on the Decoder Weights
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Exploration of Online Fake News Through Machine Learning and Sentiment Analyses
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection and Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Logistic Regression
		3.3 Decision Tree
		3.4 Gradient Boosting
		3.5 Random Forest
		3.6 Sentiment Polarity and Subjectivity
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Sentiment Analysis from Dataset
		4.2 Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Models
	5 Future Research Direction and Conclusion
	References
Challenges in Corpus Construction for Thai-English Machine Translation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Corpus Construction
		3.1 Corpus Text
		3.2 Text Extraction
		3.3 Text Alignment
	4 Issues and Challenges
		4.1 Corpus Text Issues
		4.2 Extraction Issues
		4.3 Alignment Issues
		4.4 Thai Word Segmentation
		4.5 Thai Sentence Segmentation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning Approach to 2D Capacitive Resistivity Imaging Inversion
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 CRI Synthetic Dataset Generation
		2.2 Deep Learning Model Training
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Empirical Study of Long-Term Effects of Applying Gamification Principles to an Introductory Programming Courses on a University Level
	1 Introduction
	2 Gamification in Education
	3 Research
	4 Conclusion
	5 Limitations
	References
Multi-class Short Text Classification Using Ensemble of Deep Learning Classifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Dataset Development
	4 Methodology
		4.1 ML Classifiers
		4.2 DL Classifiers
		4.3 BSTxtC: Proposed Short Text Classifier
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Results
		5.2 Error Analysis
		5.3 Comparison with Existing Methods
	6 Conclusion
	References
Reason Based Machine Learning Approach to Detect Bangla Abusive Social Media Comments
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Translation
		3.3 Data Annotation
		3.4 Overview of Our Text Corpus
		3.5 Text Preprocessing
		3.6 Feature Extraction
		3.7 Machine Learning Classifier
	4 Result and Analysis
		4.1 Count Vectorizer (Unigram)
		4.2 Count Vectorizer (Bigram)
		4.3 TF-IDF Vectorizer
		4.4 Features with Reason
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
A Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Currency Pair Forecasting
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Gathering and Understanding
		3.2 Data Preparation
		3.3 Modelling
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Evaluation of Model Performance Using MAE
		4.2 Performance of Deep Learning Models on Other Major Currency Pairs
		4.3 Model Choices Under Different Circumstances
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Improved CNN-Based Feature Extraction Algorithm for Identifying Pneumonia from Chest X-Ray Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Image Pre-processing
		3.2 Data Augmentation
		3.3 Hyper-parameters
		3.4 Proposed Model
	4 Experimental Result Analysis
		4.1 Performance Analysis in Term of Confusion Matrix
		4.2 Comparative Result Analysis in Term of Testing Accuracy and Testing Loss
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Academic Performance Prediction Based on Internal Assessment Using Educational Data Mining Techniques: Shifting the Paradigm
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Design
		3.2 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Developing a Classification CNN Model to Classify Different Types of Fish
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Architecture and Design
		3.2 Dataset Description
		3.3 Data Preprocessing
		3.4 Fish Classification
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Implementation
		4.3 Performance Evaluation
		4.4 Model Testing
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Bangladeshi Counterfeit Currency
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Training Phase
		3.2 Testing Phase
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Brain-DeepNet: A Deep Learning Based Classifier for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset
		3.2 Transfer Learning in InceptionV3 Model
		3.3 Transfer Learning in DesnseNet201
		3.4 Proposed Model ``Brain-DeepNet\'\'
		3.5 Hyperparameter Tuning
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Trash Image Classification Using Transfer Learning Based Deep Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Materials and Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Trash Classification Model
	4 Result and Observation
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Augmentation Techniques
		4.3 Performance Evaluation and Hyperparameters Tuning
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Comparative Performance of Tree Based Machine Learning Classifiers in Product Backorder Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Data Collection
	5 Pre-processing
	6 Feature Selection
	7 Imbalanced Learning with Random Undersampling
	8 Classification
		8.1 Random Forest
		8.2 Decision Tree
		8.3 Gradient Boosting
		8.4 Adaptive Boosting
	9 Experimental Result
	10 Conclusion
	References
A Research on Countering Virtual Machine Evasion Techniques of Malware in Dynamic Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 VM Creator Module
		3.2 VM Customizer Module
		3.3 Checker Module
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 The Configuration of the Test System
		4.2 Dataset
		4.3 Evaluating the System with Malware Samples in the Wild
	5 Conclusion
	References
Renewable Energy, Smart Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability
Applying the Process of Hierarchical Analysis to Assess Barriers to Agricultural Production Development in the Suburbs of Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Indirect Document Collection
		2.2 Questionnaire Survey
		2.3 Methods of Data Analysis and Processing
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Survey on the Reality of UA Production Types in the Suburbs of TDMC
		3.2 Evaluation of Factors Affecting the UA Development in the Suburbs of TDMC
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Salvia Officinalis L. Cultivation Using UV LEDs in Total Control Environment Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Time Series Forecasting of Solar Power Generation for 5.4 kW Off-Grid PV System: A Case Study in Al Mahmra, Lebanon
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Measurement Data
		2.3 Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN)
		2.4 QM and MLR Models
		2.5 Statistical Indices
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Estimating the PP using MLPNN
		3.2 Estimating the PP using QM and MLR
		3.3 Performance Evaluation of Proposed Models
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modeling the Influence of Quasi-Monochrome Phytoirradiators on the Development of Woody Plants in Order to Optimize the Parameters of Small-Sized LED Irradiation Chamber
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of Studies
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Engineering of the Portable Grain Drying Plant Using a Microwave Field
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Part
		2.1 Research Method
		2.2 Numerical Experiment
		2.3 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
Developing a Tool to Classify Different Types of Fruits Using Deep Learning and VGG16
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Architecture and Design
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Proposed Algorithms
		3.4 Model Architecture and Design
	4 Implementation and Experimental Result
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Experimental Result
		4.3 Implementation
		4.4 Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Phyto-Irradiation Automatic Control Modeling with Biological Feedback, Based on Fluorescence of Chlorophyll
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modeling of the Device Operating Principle for Electrical Stimulation of Grafting Establishment of Woody Plants
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of Studies
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
8–10-Gene Expression-Based Atom Search for Aquaponic Lettuce Evapotranspiration Optimization Based on Photosynthetic Light Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Artificial Light Properties Measurement
		2.2 Photosynthetic and Respiration Rate Measurement
		2.3 Multigene Symbolic Regression Genetic Programming (MSRGP)
	3 Bio-Inspired Evapotranspiration Optimization Models
		3.1 Genetic Algorithm
		3.2 Lichtenberg Algorithm
		3.3 Atom Search Optimization
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Artificial Light Properties and Light Spectrum
		4.2 Photosynthetic and Respiration Rates
		4.3 Optimized Artificial Light Properties
	5 Conclusion
	References
Monitoring and Intelligent Management of Agrophytocenosis Productivity Based on Deep Neural Network Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of Studies
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Sustainable Approach to Reduce Power Consumption and Harmful Effects of Cellular Base Stations
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Sleep Mode
		3.2 Solar and Wind Hybrid System
		3.3 Installation Site
	4 Result Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Towards Building a Sustainable System of Data Center Cooling and Power Management Utilizing Renewable Energy
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Infrastructural Design
		3.2 Materials and Experimental Settings
	4 Simulation Result and Discussion
		4.1 Simulation Result Analysis
		4.2 Feasibility Discussion with Experts
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Detection and Recovery of Node Failure in Fog-Based WiLD Network for Smart Farming
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Smart Agriculture System
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Comparison of Latency in Faulty Node Detection with Respect to the Available Node
		4.2 Comparison of Total No of Hops with Respect to Probability of Faulty Node
		4.3 Comparison of Latency in Failure Node Detection with Respect to Probability of Faulty Node
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of the Economic Efficacy of Models for Urban Agricultural Production in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Secondary Data Collection Method
		2.2 Primary Data Collection Method
		2.3 Data Analysis and Processing Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Current Status and Changes in Agricultural Land Use of TDMC
		3.2 TDMC\'S UA Models According to Survey Results
		3.3 Economic Efficiency of TDMC\'S UA Models
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Method for Correcting the Readings of CCD Arrays for Spectroscopy in the Visible and Near Infrared Range and Its Application in Plant Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives
	3 Solution Methods
	4 Practical Use
	5 Conclusion
	References
On Application of Solar Collectors in Dairy Farms
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Part
		2.1 Research Method
		2.2 Calculated Data
		2.3 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
Contribution of Academician D.S. Strebkov’s Scientific School to the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Agricultural Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Part
		2.1 Research Method
		2.2 Hydro Energy
		2.3 Biogas Plants
		2.4 Solar Collectors
		2.5 Solar Photovoltaic Plants
		2.6 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	References
A Review of Extended Voltage Range DC-DC Converter Topologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Classification
		2.1 Conventional Transformer – Less Converters (Limited Voltage Gain)
		2.2 Improved Transformer – Less Converters (Extended Voltage Gain)
	3 Techniques for Extended Voltage Gain
		3.1 DC – DC Cascaded Converters
		3.2 DC – DC Interleaved Converters
	4 Conclusions
	References
Methodology and Modeling of the Application of Electrophysical Methods for Locust Pest Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of Studies
	3 Data and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developing an Energy Cost Calculator for Solar
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Material and Method
		3.1 Design
		3.2 Method
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Integrated Method for Operational Diagnostics of Functional Status of Electric Motors in Agriculture
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Part
		2.1 Research Method
		2.2 Numerical Experiment
		2.3 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusion
	References
Computing, Modeling and Optimization
QUBO Model Formulation Based on Petri Net Behavioral Description for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
		2.1 Ising and QUBO Models
		2.2 Basic Definition of Petri Nets
	3 QUBO Model Formulation of Petri Net Behavior
		3.1 QUBO Model of Firing Condition
		3.2 QUBO Model of State Equation
	4 Formulation Examples
		4.1 Traveling Salesman Problem
		4.2 Job-Shop Scheduling Problems
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Analysis for Generating Common d-Neighborhood on Planted Motif Search Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Specification
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 Performance
	5 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
	References
Solving the GAP by Cutting Its Relaxed Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Generalized Assignment Problem
	3 Relaxation of the GAP
		3.1 Balancing the Relaxed TP
		3.2 Solving the Relaxed Balanced Transportation Problem
		3.3 Iterations for Solving the GAP Model by Adding Cuts
	4 Illustration
	5 Computational Complexity Remarks
	6 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Recommendation Models for Matchmaking
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing Filtering Methods and Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 The Hybrid Recommendation Models
		3.2 The Mobile Application
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Inter-modal Attention Framework for Multimodal Offense Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Visual and Textual Feature Extractor
		3.2 Inter-modal Attention
		3.3 Baseline Methods
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Results
		4.2 Error Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Encoding and Decoding Technique to Compress Huffman Tree Size in an Efficient Manner
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Circular Leaf-Node and Siblings Leaf
		2.2 External Node, Internal Node, Node with 2 Internal Child Node, External Limb, Internal Limb
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Encoding Technique
		3.2 Proposed Decoding Algorithm
	4 Exploration of Space Complexity Analysis for the Recommended Method
		4.1 Best Case Complexity
		4.2 Worst Case Complexity
	5 Space Complexity Analysis
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Multicriteria Model and Information System for Higher Education Teacher’s Quality and Performance Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Overview
	3 Model Implementation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Spatial Features Enhancement on Facial Landmarks for Face Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Datasets
		2.2 RGB, BGR, and YUV Color Space
		2.3 RGB and BGR Color Spaces
		2.4 YUV Color Space
		2.5 Low-Pass Filter
		2.6 High-Pass Filter
		2.7 Proposed Method
	3 Material and Methods
		3.1 Measures of Image Quality
		3.2 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulated Annealing-MVDR Beamformer Based on Maximum Likelihood DOA Estimation
	1 Introduction
	2 Signal Model
	3 Maximum Likelihood DOA Estimator
	4 MVDR Beamformer
	5 Simulated Annealing-MVDR Beamformer
	6 Simulation Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
A Hybrid DC Algorithm for an Optimization Problem with Semi-continuous Variables and Cardinality Constraint
	1 Introduction
	2 General Description of the DC Algorithm
	3 Four Reformulations and Approximations of RP
		3.1 The First Reformulation of RP
		3.2 The Second Reformulation of RP
		3.3 The First Approximation of RP
		3.4 The Second Approximation of RP
		3.5 DCA-Based Heuristics
	4 A Hybrid Algorithm
	5 Computational Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Maximum Flow by Network Reconstruction Method
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
	2 Algorithm – Network Reconstruction Method
	3 Numerical Illustrations
	4 Computational Experiments
	5 Computational Complexity Remarks
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Modified TANYAKUMU Labelling Method to Solve Equality Generalized Travelling Salesman Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 TANYAKUMU Labelling Method for TSP
		2.1 Definitions
		2.2 Steps of TANYAKUMU Labelling Method for TSP
	3 Equality Generalized Travelling Salesman Problem
		3.1 Modified TANYAKUMU Labelling Method to Solve E-GTSP
	4 Numerical Illustrations
		4.1 Illustrative Example 1: Symmetric E-GTSP Problem
		4.2 Solution
		4.3 Illustrative Example 2: Asymmetric E-GTSP Problem
		4.4 Solution
	5 Algorithm Computational Complexity
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
A Transfer Learning Approach to Detect Face Mask in COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Characteristics
		3.2 Preprocessing
		3.3 Data Augmentation
		3.4 Transfer Learning
		3.5 Performance Metrics
		3.6 VGG Model Architecture
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Classification of Facemask Using VGG-16
		4.2 Performance Metrics
		4.3 K-Fold Cross Validation
		4.4 Comparison of VGG-16 with Other Models
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Color and Image Analysis Approach in Determination of Soluble Copper in Water Using Tannic Reaction Analysis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Determination of Soluble Copper in Water
		1.2 Color Reaction Analysis Using Image Processing
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Phase 1: Preliminary Data Gathering Method
		2.2 Phase 2: Experimental Data Gathering for Soluble Copper Using Image Processing
		2.3 Phase 2: Experimental Data Gathering for Soluble Copper using Image Processing
		2.4 Phase 4. Algorithm Evaluation and Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Reaction of Tannins to Varying Soluble Copper Concentrations
		3.2 System Development
		3.3 Evaluation and Algorithm Testing
	4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Hybrid Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Using the Angle and Sigma Compared with 4 Benchmark Function
	1 Introduction
	2 SFLA and Benchmark Function
		2.1 Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA)
		2.2 Four Benchmark Functions
	3 The Proposed Method
		3.1 The Hybrid SFLA
		3.2 The Angle (θ) is the First Parameter of the Hybrid SFLA
		3.3 The Sigma (σ) is the First Parameter of the Hybrid SFLA
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Parameters Setting
		4.2 Experimental Setting
		4.3 The Comparison Graph
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Maximum Value-at-Risk
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Minimum and Maximum Value-at-Risk
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Solution
		3.1 Overall Procedure
		3.2 Theoretical Basis
		3.3 Acceptance/Rejection Criterion
		3.4 Data
	4 Results
		4.1 Informal Validation
	5 Discussion
	References
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization for a Feature Selection Problem with Stability Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on PSO
	3 Fitness Functions
		3.1 Filter Evaluations (FE)
		3.2 Wrapper Evaluations (WE)
	4 Proposed HPSO Algorithm
	5 Stability and Convergence Analysis
		5.1 Stability Analysis
		5.2 Convergence Analysis
	6 Results and Discussions
		6.1 Musk 1 [2]
		6.2 Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Social, Economics, Management and Emerging Technology
Factors Influencing the Development of Digital Citizenship on Social Media Platforms: Narrative Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Background of the Study
	3 Review of Literature
		3.1 Social Media Platforms
		3.2 Knowledge of Digital Citizenship
		3.3 Factors that Influence Digital Citizenship on the Social Media Platforms
		3.4 Digital Citizenship Education
	4 Research Methodology
	5 Discussion of the Findings
	6 The Implications of the Study and Recommendation for Future Study
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Policy Framework for Improving E-Waste Management in Bangladesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection Methods
		3.2 E-Waste Incineration
		3.3 E-Waste Trade
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Financial Inclusion on Social and Economic Well-Being of Households: A Case of Kaski District, Nepal
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Financial Inclusion and Its Dimensions
		2.2 Impact of Financial Inclusion
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Data Analysis and Results
		4.1 Socio-demographic Characteristics
		4.2 Structural Equation Modelling
	5 Conclusion
	6 Research Limitations and Future Directions
	References
Minimizing E-Waste Through Improved Virtualization
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Method
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Hotel Recommendation Using Collaborative, Content Based and Knowledge Based Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Collaborative Filtering
		3.2 Content-Based Approach
		3.3 Hybrid Recommendation Approach
		3.4 Knowledge-Based Approach for Cold-User
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 The Hotel Dataset
		4.2 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Reinforcement Learning Based Graphical User Interface to Solve the Permutation Flow Shop Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Q-Learning Model
	3 Empirical Parameters Tuning
	4 Graphical User Interface
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Significance of Digitalization of the Construction Sector
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Construction Industry Being Digitalized
		1.2 What are the Important Features of Digitalization in General?
		1.3 Objectives
	2 Motivation
	3 Literature Review
	4 Main Focus of the Paper Along with Issues and Problems
	5 Methodology
	6 Some Advanced Digital Solutions
	7 Result and Discussion
	8 Major Advantages of Digitalization
	9 Major Shortcomings of Digitalization and Challenges
	10 Conclusion
	References
Load-Pull Methodology to Characterize GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMTs)
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment, Setup and Calibration
		2.1 Equipment
		2.2 Setup
		2.3 Calibration
	3 Experimental Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of 4D SME Entrepreneurial Marketing Model: The Perspective of Nepalese MSMEs
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Instruments and Methods
	4 Analysis of Results and Discussion
		4.1 MSME Situation in Nepal
		4.2 Assessment of Four Dimensions
		4.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis
		4.4 Evaluation of Performance Measures
		4.5 EFA Factors and Performance Indicators
	5 Conclusion
	References
Training Tracker: A Training Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Study
	3 Problem Analysis
		3.1 Survey Report on Training Management System
		3.2 SWOT Analysis
	4 Feasibility Analysis
		4.1 Technical Feasibility
		4.2 Economical Feasibility
	5 System Overview and Modeling
	6 Conclusion
	References
Designing a Sustainable E-Waste Management Framework for Bangladesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Designed Frameworks
		4.1 The Flow of E-Waste in the Framework
		4.2 The E-Waste Collection and Exchange Framework
		4.3 E-Waste Reuse Framework
		4.4 E-Waste Recycling Framework
		4.5 E-Waste Dumping Framework
		4.6 Government Requirements for Proper E-Waste Management
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Role of Emerging Technologies in Digital Tourism Business Ecosystem Model for Nepal
	1 Introduction
	2 Tourism Status in Nepal
		2.1 Tourism and Technology Statistics
		2.2 The Tourism Governance Model
		2.3 The Business Landscape of Nepal Tourism
	3 The Digital Perspective: An Ecosystem Approach
	4 Emerging Technologies and Digital Tourism Ecosystem
	5 Conclusion
	References
Is RDBMS or NoSQL Better Suited for MIS?: A Comparative Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Management Information System (MIS)
		3.2 Data Description
	4 Relational Database (RDBMS)
	5 NoSQL Databases
	6 Comparative Analysis of NoSQL & RDBMS
	7 Results and Observations
	8 Future Research Direction and Conclusion
	References
uitXkernel: Android Kernel Forensic for Security Analysis Purposes
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Kernel Extractor
		3.2 Symbol Table Extractor
		3.3 Assembly Convertor
		3.4 System Calls Extractor
		3.5 Analyzer
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Evaluate the Proposed System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Lossy Compression Effect on Color and Texture Based Image Retrieval Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Image Database
		2.2 Processing and Evaluation
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Euclidean Distance Measure
		3.2 Chi2 Distance Measure
	4 Conclusion
	References
Bangla Song Suggestion Using Face Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 System Architecture
		4.1 Face Detection and Recognition
		4.2 Emotion Detection
		4.3 Music Feature
	5 Evaluation and Result
	6 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Re-assessing the Role of the Statistician in the Era of Big Data: A Business Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Big Data and Analytics
		2.2 Big Data and the Statistician
		2.3 Data-Driven Organizations and Collaboration
		2.4 Data Science and Statistics: Complementary Disciplines
		2.5 Conceptual Framework
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Findings
		4.1 The Survey Among Organizations from Different Industries in the Western Cape
		4.2 Interviews with Business Consultants Regarding Big Data
	5 Discussions
		5.1 Generation of Big Data
		5.2 The Collection of Data
		5.3 The Storing of the Data
		5.4 The Cleaning of the Data
		5.5 The Analysis of the Data
		5.6 The Interpretation of the Insights from the Data
		5.7 The Dissemination of the Insights to the Business
		5.8 The Impact of the Insights on Business Decision Making
	6 Conclusions
	References
Analysis and Forecasting of Final Household Expenditure in South Africa Using Box-Jenkins – ARIMA Model
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Objecitves
		1.3 Literature Review
		1.4 Methods
		1.5 Results
		1.6 Discussion
		1.7 Limitations of the Study
		1.8 Recommendations
	References
Author Index