Intelligence and State Surveillance in Modern Societies

Cover......Page 1
INTELLIGENCE AND STATE SURVEILLANCE IN MODERN SOCIETIES......Page 2
INTELLIGENCE AND STATE SURVEILLANCE IN MODERN SOCIETIES: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 10
List of Tables......Page 12
Foreword......Page 14
Acknowledgment......Page 17
Nature and Structure of Intelligence: An Introduction......Page 18
Historical Evolution of Intelligence......Page 19
Dual Conceptualizations of Intelligence......Page 21
The Intelligence Process......Page 24
Limitations of Intelligence......Page 28
Structure of the Book......Page 31
1 “Intelligence Knowledge” Management......Page 36
Existing Conceptual Approaches......Page 37
National Security Intelligence......Page 39
Law Enforcement Intelligence......Page 41
Risk Management and Intelligence Knowledge......Page 42
Knowledge Management Applied to Intelligence and Surveillance Activities......Page 44
Limitations Related to Knowledge Management in Intelligence Networks......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 49
2 National Security Intelligence in the Five Eyes Countries......Page 50
National Security Intelligence in Australia......Page 51
National Security Intelligence in Canada......Page 56
National Security Intelligence in New Zealand......Page 62
National Security Intelligence in United Kingdom......Page 66
National Security Intelligence in the United States......Page 71
National Security Intelligence Cooperation Between Five Eyes Members......Page 78
Conclusion......Page 83
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Militarization......Page 86
Militarization of National Security Intelligence......Page 89
Strategy......Page 90
Structure......Page 94
Practice......Page 97
Targets......Page 100
Policy......Page 102
Strategy......Page 103
Structure......Page 106
Practice......Page 107
Convergence of Military and Intelligence in the Five Eyes......Page 109
Conclusion......Page 111
4 Criminal Intelligence......Page 112
Establishing Basic Knowledge......Page 113
Detecting Criminal Activity......Page 114
Predicting Criminal Activity......Page 115
Guiding Decisions and Operations......Page 116
Australia......Page 117
Canada......Page 121
New Zealand......Page 124
United Kingdom......Page 126
United States......Page 129
Criminal Intelligence and International Police Cooperation......Page 132
Conclusion......Page 136
Evolution of Intelligence-Led Policing......Page 138
Evolution of Criminal Environment......Page 141
Hostility of the Environment......Page 142
Legal Environment......Page 144
Status of Organizations Tasked With Criminal Intelligence Activities......Page 147
Organizational Structure......Page 148
Organizational Culture, Roles, and Statuses......Page 151
Conclusion......Page 155
6 Cyber Threats, Intelligence Operations, and Mass Surveillance......Page 156
Actors......Page 157
Cyberspace......Page 160
Intensity of Cyber Intelligence Operations......Page 163
National Cyber Surveillance Programs......Page 166
Transnational Cyber Surveillance Programs......Page 172
Law Enforcement and Cyber Intelligence......Page 173
The Rise of Cybersecurity Risk in Emerging Economies: The Case of Latin America......Page 176
Conclusion......Page 179
7 Intelligence and Surveillance Technologies......Page 182
A Conceptual Approach to Surveillance Technology......Page 183
Sight......Page 184
Hearing......Page 192
Touch......Page 195
Scent......Page 197
Taste......Page 199
Software Surveillance Technology......Page 201
Disruptive Technology and the Emergence of a New Collection Discipline......Page 204
Conclusion......Page 206
The Growth of the Private Security Sector......Page 208
The Role of Private Sector in the Production of Intelligence......Page 210
Extension of Intelligence Functions......Page 212
Privatization of Intelligence Functions......Page 213
AEGIS......Page 214
Booz Allen Hamilton......Page 215
CSRA Inc.......Page 216
Leidos......Page 217
SAIC......Page 218
Limits to Intelligence Outsourcing......Page 219
Conclusion......Page 222
9 Ethical Challenges in Intelligence Operations......Page 224
Utilitarian Approach......Page 225
Realist Approach......Page 226
Deontological Approach......Page 227
Just Intelligence Approach......Page 228
Ethics Applied to Intelligence Collection and Analysis......Page 229
Intelligence Management......Page 230
Intelligence Collection Methods......Page 234
Intelligence Analysis......Page 235
Whistleblowing and Violation of Secrecy......Page 237
Ethical Codes of Conduct in Intelligence......Page 244
Conclusion......Page 247
References......Page 250
Index......Page 264