Intellectual Founders of the Republic: Five Studies in Nineteenth-Century French Republican Political Thought

TITLE PAGE......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 12
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS......Page 13
Introduction: Revisiting the Intellectual Transformation of Nineteenth-Century France......Page 14
Revisiting the Origins of Modern French Republicanism......Page 15
New Thinking About Nineteenth-Century France......Page 17
Some Remarks about Method: Intellectual History and Political Theory......Page 22
Political and Social History......Page 26
Five Intellectual Founders: Biographical Presentation and Key Themes......Page 29
French Republicanism in Historical and Comparative Contexts......Page 32
1: Between Positivism and Republicanism: Emile Littre and the Founding of the Third Republic......Page 36
Auguste Comte, the Infallible Master......Page 38
European Cosmopolitanism and the Prophecy of Peace......Page 43
Humanity as the Emblem of Spiritual Reform......Page 45
Order and Progress in the Temporal Sphere: Positivist Politics......Page 48
Littre's Break with Comtian Positivism......Page 53
The Philosophical and Theoretical Bases of Littre's Republicanism: The Cult of 1789......Page 58
An Ambiguous Anti-Bonapartism......Page 62
The Moral Necessity of Socialism......Page 64
The 'Just Preponderance of Time'......Page 69
The Political Foundations of Positivist Republican Citizenship......Page 75
The Conspiracies of Tolerance......Page 83
Conclusion: The Paradoxes of Littre's Republican Positivism......Page 91
2: Centralist Defender of the State: The Eclectic Republicanism of Charles Dupont-White......Page 98
A Life of Detachment and Passion......Page 102
Dupont-White in the Context of Nineteenth-Century French Liberal Traditions......Page 105
An Improbable Bonapartist......Page 116
Dupont-White as a Social Reformer: State Socialism or Aristocratic Paternalism?......Page 121
A Resolute but Unorthodox Republican......Page 127
Dupont-White's Distinctive Centralist Republicanism......Page 135
3: From Democratic Advocate to Monarchist Critic of the Republic: The Ambiguous Republicansim of Etienne Vacherot......Page 142
The Conversion of a Liberal......Page 145
Vacherot as a Theorist of Republican Democracy......Page 151
Moral Certainties, Ideological Ambivalences......Page 155
The Constitution of the Republic: From Status Quo to Revisionism......Page 161
The Dangers of Socialism......Page 166
The Embrace of Monarchism......Page 170
Conclusion: From Republic to Monarchy . . . and Beyond......Page 173
4: A Republican Saint-Simonian: Eugene Pelletan and the Transformation of the Nineteenth-Century Republicanism......Page 180
Early Political Thought: Idealism and Realism......Page 186
The Philosopher of Progress......Page 197
Internationalism and Cosmopolitanism......Page 207
Pelletan and the Founding of the Third Republic......Page 214
The Theorization of Republican Intellectualism......Page 216
Pelletan's Ideological Contributions to Republican Political Thought......Page 220
The Territorial Conditions of Citizenship......Page 224
The Enduring Saint-Simonian legacy......Page 227
Conclusion: The Coherence of Pelletan's Republican saint-Simonianism......Page 234
5: Neo-Kantian Moralist and Activist: Jules barni and the Establishment of the Municipalist Republic......Page 240
Early Years: Barni's Conversion to Republicanism......Page 243
The 1850s: Barni's Internal Exile......Page 247
Geneva: Republican Theory and Political Practice......Page 251
Barni's International Political Theory and Practice......Page 259
Institutionalizing Peace: The Ligue Internationale pour la Paix et la Liberte......Page 264
From Cosmopolitanism to Patriotism: The Challenge of the Franco-Prussian War......Page 269
Barni's Contributions to the Founding of the Third Republic: The Theory of Municipalism......Page 274
Barni and the Notion of Republican Municipalism......Page 276
Barni as an Agent of Republicanism in the 1870s......Page 279
Creating the Republic from Below: Barni's Leadership of The Societe d'Instruction Republicaine......Page 285
Conclusion: Barni's Multiple Contributions to French Republicanism......Page 289
Conclusion: The Origins of the Third Republic Reconsidered......Page 294
Real Worlds and Possible Alternatives......Page 297
The Relationship between Individual Lives and Political Trajectories......Page 299
The Ideological Origins of the Third Republic......Page 302
Ideological Filiation and its Complexities......Page 305
Republican Memory and the Potency of the 1789 Myth......Page 307
Primary sources......Page 311
Secondary sources......Page 314
INDEX......Page 328