Integrating Safety and Security Management to Protect Chemical Industrial Areas from Domino Effects

Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Safety and Security of Domino Effects in the Process Industry: The State of the Art
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Method and Materials
	1.3 Characterization of Selected Publications
	1.4 An Overview of Domino Effect Definitions, Characteristics and Classifications
		1.4.1 Domino Effect Definitions
		1.4.2 Domino Effect Characteristics
		1.4.3 Domino Effect Classifications
	1.5 Vulnerability Assessment of Installations
		1.5.1 Deterministic Methods
		1.5.2 Probabilistic Methods
		1.5.3 CFD/FEM Methods
	1.6 Risk Assessment of Domino Effects
		1.6.1 Analytical Methods
		1.6.2 Graphical Methods
		1.6.3 Simulation Methods
	1.7 Safety and Security Management of Domino Effects
		1.7.1 Inherent Safety
		1.7.2 Management of Safety Barriers
		1.7.3 Cooperative Prevention
		1.7.4 Security of Intentional Domino Effects
	1.8 Research Trends and Future Needs
		1.8.1 A Summarization of Current Research
		1.8.2 Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches and Protection Strategies
		1.8.3 Research Gaps
	1.9 Conclusions
	References
2 Dynamic Risk Assessment of Fire-Induced Domino Effects
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Fire Escalation
		2.2.1 Spatial Escalation
		2.2.2 Temporal Escalation
	2.3 Graph Theory
		2.3.1 Static Graphs
		2.3.2 Dynamic Graphs
	2.4 Domino Evolution Graph Model
		2.4.1 Dynamic Graph Definition
		2.4.2 Dynamic Graph Update
	2.5 Algorithm
	2.6 Case Study
		2.6.1 The Application of Graph Metric Approach
		2.6.2 The Application of Dynamic Graph Approach
	2.7 Discussion
	2.8 Conclusions
	References
3 Dynamic Assessment of VCE-Induced Domino Effects
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 VCE-Induced Escalations
		3.2.1 Past VCE Accidents
		3.2.2 Explosion Mechanism
		3.2.3 Impact Assessment of Vapor Cloud Explosions
		3.2.4 Frequency Assessment of Vapor Cloud Explosions
	3.3 Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
		3.3.1 Step 1: Identification and Characterization of LOC Scenarios
		3.3.2 Step 2: Analysis of Vapor Cloud Dispersion
		3.3.3 Step 3: Identification and Characterization of Ignition Sources
		3.3.4 Step 4: Explosion Frequency and Delayed Time Assessment
		3.3.5 Step 5: Overpressure Calculation
		3.3.6 Step 6: Escalation Assessment
	3.4 Case Study
	3.5 Discussion
	3.6 Conclusions
	References
4 Risk Assessment of Coupled Hazardous Scenarios
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Modeling
		4.2.1 Graph Nodes
		4.2.2 Graph Edges
		4.2.3 Evolution Time
	4.3 Graph Update Rules and Simulation Algorithm
		4.3.1 Graph Update Rules
		4.3.2 Simulation Algorithm
	4.4 Case Study
	4.5 Conclusions
	References
5 Integrated Safety and Security Management to Tackle Domino Effects
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Safety and Security Management Principles
		5.2.1 Inherent Safety and Security
		5.2.2 Layers/Rings of Protection
	5.3 Integrated Safety and Security Management
		5.3.1 Motivations for Integrating Safety and Security
		5.3.2 Classification of Protection Measures
	5.4 An Integrated Approach to Manage Domino Effects
		5.4.1 Chemical Plant Description
		5.4.2 Threat and Hazard Analysis
		5.4.3 Vulnerability Assessment of Installations Against Direct and Threats
		5.4.4 Assessment of the Evolution of Domino Effects
		5.4.5 Consequence Analysis
		5.4.6 Risk Evaluation
		5.4.7 Risk Treatment
	5.5 Conclusions
	References
6 An Economic Approach for Domino Effect Management
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Safety Economics
		6.2.1 Risk-Based Optimization
		6.2.2 Minimum Total Cost Approach
		6.2.3 Cost–Benefit Analysis
		6.2.4 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
		6.2.5 Multi-objective Optimization
		6.2.6 Game Theoretical Approach
	6.3 A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Domino Effect Management
		6.3.1 Protection Strategy Cost
		6.3.2 The Costs of Domino Effects
		6.3.3 Net Benefits Analysis
	6.4 Optimization Algorithm
	6.5 Conclusions
	References
7 A Resilience-Based Approach for the Prevention and Mitigation of Domino Effects
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Chemical Plant Resilience
		7.2.1 Resilience Concept
		7.2.2 A Definition of Chemical Plant Resilience
		7.2.3 Resilience Metrics
		7.2.4 Capabilities of Chemical Plant Resilience
	7.3 A Quantification Framework of Chemical Plant Resilience
		7.3.1 Resistance Modeling
		7.3.2 Mitigation Modeling
		7.3.3 Adaptation Modeling
		7.3.4 Restoration Modeling
	7.4 Simulation Algorithm
	7.5 Case Study
		7.5.1 Resistance Analysis
		7.5.2 Mitigation Analysis
		7.5.3 Adaptation Analysis
		7.5.4 Restoration Analysis
		7.5.5 Resilience Measure Performance
	7.6 Conclusions
	References
8 Conclusions and Future Research
	8.1 Main Conclusions
	8.2 Recommendations for Future Research
	References