Integrated Life Cycle Design of Structures

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Tables......Page 6
Figures......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 11
1.2  Standards and codes related to integrated life cycle design......Page 14
1.3  General features of environmentally efficient structural technology and design......Page 15
1.6  Methodologies of life cycle design......Page 16
1.7  Factors of sustainability......Page 18
1.8  Energy efficient building concepts and specifications......Page 19
References......Page 20
2.2  Design process model......Page 22
2.3  Design phases......Page 23
2.3.1  Investment planning......Page 25
2.3.4  Translation of the functional life cycle requirements into technical performance specifications......Page 26
2.3.5  Creation and outlining of alternative structural solutions......Page 27
2.3.7  Ranking and selection between design alternatives and products......Page 28
2.3.8.1  Static, dynamic and seismic design......Page 29
2.3.8.2  Durability design for service life......Page 30
STATISTICAL DURABILITY DESIGN......Page 31
2.3.8.3  Hygrothermal design......Page 33
2.3.8.7  Design for reuse and recycling......Page 34
2.3.8.8  Users’ manual and maintenance plan......Page 35
References......Page 36
3.1  Classification of design methods......Page 37
3.2  Modular design methodology......Page 40
3.2.2  Calculating present values of life cycle financial and environmental costs......Page 43
3.2.4  Estimation of recycling efficiency......Page 46
3.2.6  Energy costs of the building......Page 47
3.3.1  Classification of users’ requirements......Page 48
3.3.3  Quality function deployment method......Page 51
Priorities of design specifications......Page 53
3.3.4  Examples......Page 54
3.4.2  Multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA) method and its modification NCIC......Page 57
3.4.3.1  Attributes and their weights......Page 59
3.4.3.3  Alternatives at each level of the hierarchy......Page 61
3.4.3.5  Incremental values of attributes......Page 62
3.4.3.9  Selection of the alternatives for further design......Page 63
3.4.4  Integration of the design solutions......Page 64
3.4.4.1  Aggregation of life cycle performance parameters......Page 65
3.4.4.2  Aggregation procedure......Page 66
3.4.4.3  Normalised ecoefficiency parameter......Page 67
3.5.2  Service life dictated by defective performance......Page 68
3.5.3  Service life dictated by obsolescence......Page 69
3.6.3  Reference factor method......Page 71
3.7.1  Statistical service life......Page 72
3.7.2  Lifetime safety factor method......Page 73
3.8.1  Calcualtion models of heat energy consumption......Page 81
3.8.2  Parameters......Page 82
3.8.3  Annual energy consumption......Page 83
References......Page 84
4.1  Introduction......Page 87
4.2  Principles for design for reuse and recycling......Page 88
Concrete and recycled aggregates for concrete in building construction......Page 90
Clay bricks and clay brick masonry......Page 91
Sand-lime bricks and sand-lime brick masonry......Page 92
Aerated concrete and aerated concrete masonry......Page 93
Comparisons of different construction alternatives......Page 94
4.4  Reuse of structural components......Page 96
4.1.5  Conclusions......Page 98
References......Page 99
5.1  Design concept......Page 101
5.2  Environmental design procedure......Page 102
Outline......Page 104
Life cycle design of composite structural building components......Page 105
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of composite structural building components......Page 106
Life cycle inventory (LCI)......Page 108
Recyclability indicator (RI)......Page 109
Waste unoccupancy indicator (WUI)......Page 110
5.4  Definition and optimisation of service life......Page 112
5.6  Examples......Page 114
References......Page 118
6.2  Further research needs......Page 123
Finland......Page 125
Guidelines......Page 126
Guidelines......Page 127
Norms......Page 128
Standards......Page 129
Denmark......Page 131
Germany......Page 132
Norway......Page 133
Sweden......Page 134
USA......Page 135
Serviceability and service life......Page 137
Durability......Page 138
Systems......Page 139
Methods......Page 140
Index......Page 141