Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Figures......Page 13
Maps......Page 14
List of Abbreviations......Page 15
Preface and Acknowledgments......Page 17
Inside Rebellion......Page 23
Lukumbi Village, Uganda, 1981......Page 25
Maringue Village, Mozambique, 1979......Page 27
The Puzzle......Page 28
The Mechanisms......Page 31
Civil War, Violence, and Organization......Page 40
Structure and Agency......Page 44
Looking Ahead......Page 46
Part I The Structure of Rebel Organizations......Page 49
1 The Industrial Organization of Violence......Page 51
Common Principles......Page 52
Divergent Practices......Page 56
Theories of Rebellion: The Puzzling Absence of Organization......Page 58
Organizing Violence......Page 63
Five Challenges of Rebel Organization......Page 66
Constraints on Strategy......Page 69
The Origins of Constraints......Page 74
Research Design  and Data......Page 77
The National Resistance Army, Renamo, and Sendero Luminoso......Page 79
The Data......Page 82
2 Four Rebel Organizations......Page 85
The National Resistance Army: 27 Young Men......Page 86
Renamo: The Gift of External Patronage......Page 95
Sendero Luminoso Nacional: A Decade of Preparation......Page 105
Sendero Luminoso-Huallaga: On the Other Side of the Mountains......Page 113
Examining Rebels' Choices......Page 119
3 Recruitment......Page 120
Participation  in Rebellion......Page 121
Endowments, Information, and Recruitment......Page 124
A Theory of Rebel Recruitment......Page 127
Recruitment in Practice......Page 131
Ethnic Appeals and Community Ties: The NRA......Page 132
From Voluntarism to Violence: Renamo......Page 135
Spreading Ideology: Sendero Luminoso Nacional......Page 140
A Coalition of Cocaleros: Sendero–Huallaga......Page 146
Conclusion......Page 149
4 Control......Page 151
The Rationale for Organization......Page 152
The Structure of Organization......Page 153
How Important Is Hierarchy?......Page 157
Rebel Strategies......Page 159
Formal and Informal Codes of Conduct: The NRA......Page 164
Centralization and Distrust: Renamo......Page 169
Decentralization and the Guiding Line: Sendero Luminoso Nacional......Page 173
The Consequences of Autonomy: Sendero-Huallaga......Page 179
Conclusion......Page 182
Part II The Strategies of Rebel Groups......Page 185
5 Governance......Page 187
Variations in Rebel Governance......Page 188
The Challenges of Rebel Governance......Page 191
Creating Trust......Page 192
What Rebel Groups Do......Page 193
Why Don't All Groups Strike a Bargain?......Page 195
Making Government Inclusive......Page 196
Organizing the Food Supply......Page 198
Mobilizing a Grassroots Democracy: The NRA......Page 199
Resurrecting Traditional Authorities: Renamo......Page 205
An Alternative to Elite Democracy: Sendero Luminoso Nacional......Page 210
Authoritarianism and Inclusion: Sendero-Huallaga......Page 216
Conclusion......Page 219
6 Violence......Page 222
Defining Violence in Civil War......Page 223
Organization and Violence......Page 227
Contestation and Control......Page 232
The Practice of Violence Across Countries......Page 234
Violence within Civil War......Page 241
A War of Targeted Assassinations: The NRA......Page 243
A Campaign of Brutality: Renamo......Page 253
Patterns of Restraint and Excess:Sendero Luminoso Nacional......Page 263
Free from Central Control: Sendero–Huallaga......Page 275
Conclusion......Page 282
7 Resilience......Page 284
Shocks and Expectations......Page 285
How Organizations Respond......Page 287
Expulsion and Reemergence: The NRA......Page 289
Resistance and Continued Repression: Renamo......Page 294
Facing Down the Government: Sendero Luminoso Nacional......Page 299
A Changing Local Economy: Sendero-Huallaga......Page 303
Sources of Organizational Change......Page 306
A Switch from Self-Reliance: UNITA......Page 307
Under the Influence: The FARC......Page 311
Drawing Lessons......Page 316
Conclusion......Page 319
Part III Beyond Uganda, Mozambique, and Peru......Page 321
8 Extensions......Page 323
Endowments and Recruitment in Other Contexts......Page 325
Explaining Patterns of Violence across Civil Wars......Page 329
Learning from Outliers......Page 335
Algeria, 1962-1964......Page 336
Algeria, 1992-2000......Page 339
Colombia, 1948-1963......Page 342
Lebanon, 1975-1991......Page 346
9 Conclusion......Page 351
The Curse of Resource Wealth......Page 352
Implications for the Study of Civil War and Insurgency......Page 363
Implications for Policy Makers......Page 365
Naming and Shaming......Page 368
Sanctions as a Source of Leverage......Page 370
Formal Instruments of Accountability......Page 372
Looking Forward......Page 374
Appendix A The Ethnography of Rebel Organizations......Page 375
Distinct Challenges of Ethnography......Page 378
The Research Method......Page 380
Conclusion......Page 388
Appendix B Database on Civil War Violence......Page 390
Structure......Page 391
Biases and Limitations......Page 392
Conclusion......Page 394
A. Dealing with the Public......Page 395
B. Relationships among the Soldiers......Page 396
Appendix D Norms of Behavior for a Sendero Luminoso Commander......Page 399
Index......Page 401