Inscribing South Asian Muslim Women : An Annotated Bibliography and Research Guide

Abbreviations
List of transliterations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
SECTION ONE SELECTED SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF SOUTH ASIAN MUSLIM WOMEN
	A. South Asia an Introduction
		I. Locating People and Spaces
			(a) General Studies on South Asia
			(b) Selected Studies on Islam in South Asia
			(c) Encyclopaedias of Islam
			(d) Encyclopaedias of Muslim Women
			(e) Dictionaries of Islam
			(f) Qur\'an/Hadith/ and Traditions of Prophet Muhammad
		II. Bibliographies and Research Guides for the Study of South Asian Muslim Women
		III. Bibliographic Review Essays
		IV. Catalogues of Library Holdings
		V. Biographical Compendiums of Prominent Muslim Women
		VI. Invisibility of Muslim Women in Research Studies
	B. Women\'s Status in Religious Texts
		I. Women\'s Status in the Qur\'an
		II. Rejecting Patriarchal Reading of the Qur\'an
		III. Status of Women in the Hadith
		IV. Role Models for Muslim Women: Prophet\'s Wives and Daughters
SECTION TWO MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA
	A. Women in Medieval India
		I. General Studies
		II. Radiyyah Sultan or Raziyat al-Dunya wal-Din (r. 1236–40)
		III. Cand Bibi of the Nizam Shahi Kingdom (b. 1547–1600) and Other Women in Power in the Deccan
	B. Women in the Age of the Mughals (1526–1707)
		I. General Studies
		II. Gulbadan Bano Begam (1522/3–1603), Daughter of Babur, Emperor of Hindustan (1526–1530)
		III. Nur Jahan Begam (d. 1645), wife of Emperor Jahangir (b. 1569–d. 1627)
		IV. Mumtaz Mahal (1592–1631), Wife of Emperor Shah Jahan (b. 1592–d. 1666)
		V. Jahan Ara Begam (b. 1614–d. 1681), Daughter of Emperor Shah Jahan
		VI. Zeb-un Nisa\' Begam (1638–1702) Daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb, (b. 1619–d. 1707)
	C. Mughal Women as Patrons of Art and Architecture
	D. Muslim Women from the 18th to the Early 20th Century India
		I. The Kingdom of Awadh (1722–1856)
		II. Muslim Women in the Kingdom of Bengal
		III. A dynasty of women rulers: The Begams of Bhopal
			(a) General works
			(b) Nawwab Qudsiyah Begam (Period of Regency 1819–1837)
			(c) Nawwab Sikandar Begam (Regency 1843–1868)
			(d) Nawwab Sahjahan Begam (b. 1838–d. 1901)
			(e) Nawwab Sultan Jahan Begam (b. 1858–d. 1930)
		IV. Begam Samroo (also spelt as Sombre/Samru) (1753–1836) of Sardhana
		V. Women in Hyderabad, Deccan
	E. Muslim Women\'s Encounter with the West
		I. Women and the First War of Independence, 1858
		II. Women under the British Colonial Regime
		III. Muslim Women in the Narratives of the Christian Missions
SECTION THREE ISLAMIC TRADITIONS, MUSLIM WOMEN AND THE REFORM MOVEMENT
	A. Women in the Discourse of the sufis and the masha\'ikh
		I. Women Sufis
		II. Women\'s Image in Sufi  Literature
		III. Women in the Reformist (islahi) Traditions in the 18th and the19th Centuries
			(a) Women, shari\'at and the bid\'at Discourse
			(b) Patriarchal Construction of Muslim Women
	B. Modernist Reform Movements and Women\'s Issues
		I. Men in Support of Women\'s Rights
			(a) Making Connections: Role Models from Other Muslim Societies
			(b) South Asian Muslim Women Compared With Women in Other Regions
		II. Ideal Muslim Woman Defined
			(a) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan\'s (1817–1898) \'Model Muslim Woman\'
			(b) Syed Ameer Ali (1849–1928)
			(c) Saiyyid Mumtaz Ali and Huquq un-niswan (1860–1935)
			(d) Rashidul Khairi (1868–1936)
		III. Muslim Woman in the New Muslim Consciousness
			(a) The Bihishti Zewar of Ashraf \'Ali Thanawi (1864–1943)
			(b) Abul Kalam Azad\'s Views on the Status of Women
			(c) Dr. Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)
		IV. Women Claiming their Rights
SECTION FOUR PARDAH—MUSLIM WOMEN IN/OUT OF SECLUSION
	A. Discourse on the Interpretation of the Qur\'anic Verses on hijab
	B. Fatawa and Male Religious Opinions on Veiling/pardah
		I. Male supporters of pardah
		II. Men who opposed the pardah
	C. Women Challenging pardah Restrictions
		I. Women in Support of pardah
	D. Pardah\'s Impact on Women\'s Lives
	E. Burqa\'
	F. Life Inside Pardah Households Observing
SECTION FIVE RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
	A. Fatawa: Male Authority and Women\'s Status
		I. Resisting the Use of Fatawa against Women
	B. Prohibition on Women\'s Presence in the Mosque and Shrines
	C. Women\'s Prayer (salat)
		I. Women and \'Id Prayers
		II. Shrine Visitation and Women
	D. Women and Religious Practices
		I. Milad or Maulud Sharif: Celebrations of Prophet Muhammad’s Noble Birth
		II. Milad namey/Milad Tracts for Women and by Women
		III. Milad as Bid\'at (Heresy)
	E. Hajj and Women Pilgrims: Early Pilgrimage Accounts (Medieval India)
		I. Pilgrimage in the Nineteenth Century
		II. Pilgrimage in the Twentieth Century
	F. Women\'s Travelogues: Women out of pardah
SECTION SIX IN SEARCH OF THEIR IDENTITY: MUSLIM WOMEN SETTING NEW GOALS
	A. Perspectives on Women\'s Roles
		I. The Status of Muslim Women Compared to that of Women of Other Faiths
		II. Women and Activism: Movement for Social and Political Change
			(a) General Works
			(b) The Suffrage Movement
	B. Muslim Women Making Connections
		I.  In support of the Ladies Conference
		II. Against the Ladies Conference
		III. History of the All India Muslim Ladies\' Conference
		IV. The All India Ladies Association
		V. Women\'s Associations in Hyderabad, Deccan
		VI. The All India Women\'s Conference
		VII. Muslim Women in the National Reformist Movement
			(a) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880–1932)
			(b) Sughra Humayun Mirza (1884–1958)
			(c) Fyzee Sisters
	C. Women\'s Role in the Pakistan Movement
	D. Freedom/Partition: Women\'s Experiences
		I. Women Freedom Fighters
			(a) Abadi Banu Begam (Bi Amman) (1852–1924)
			(b) Begam Muhammad Ali (Amjadi Begam)
			(c) Begam Hasrat Mohani (Nishatunnisa) (1885–1937)
			(d) Fatimah Jinnah (1893–1967)
			(e) Ruttie Jinnah (-d. 1929)
SECTION SEVEN WOMEN, NATIONALISM, AND RELIGION
	A. Muslim women in Pakistan: An Overview
		I. Punjabi Women
		II. Sindhi Women
		III. Pashtun Women
		IV. Baloch Women
		V. Women of Hunza/Gilgit/Chitral
	B. Women in Bangladesh: An Overview
	C. Muslim Women in India: An Overview
	D. Women, State and Religious Authority: Post-independence South Asia
		I.  The Case of Pakistan
		II.  The Case of Bangladesh
		III.  The Case of India
	E. Women and Political Representation
		I. Discourse on Women\'s Political Leadership
			(a) Benazir Bhutto
	F. The Martial Law (1977–88) in Pakistan: Islam Reinterpreted for Women
		I. The Hudood (Hudod) Ordinance
		II. Post-martial Law Gender-identity Construction
	G. Religious Activism of Women Converts to Islam
		I. Maryam Jameelah [Margaret Marcus] (1936–)
SECTION EIGHT MUSLIM WOMEN\'S MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH ASIA
	A. Women\'s Movement in Pakistan
	B.  Women\'s Movement in Bangladesh
	C.  Muslim Women\'s Movement in India
	D.  Muslim Women in Sri Lanka
	E.  Women\'s Movement in The Maldives
SECTION NINE THE LIFE CYCLE OF SOUTH ASIAN MUSLIM WOMEN
	A. Daughters Not Liked
		I. Son Preference
		II. Adolescent Girls
			(a) Menstruation
			(b) Clitorodectomy: Female Circumcision
	B. Marriage and Family Life
		I. Child Marriages
		II. Age at Marriage
		III. Nikah: Marriage in Islam
		IV.  Selection of Spouses
		V.  Role of wali (Guardian) in a Marriage Contract
	C. Wife-husband Relationship
		I. Male-female Attitude Towards Family Life
		II.  Manuals for Household Management
	D.  Marriage Patterns in South Asia
		I.  Arranged Marriages
		II.  Consanguineous Marriages
		III.  Endogamous Marriages
		IV.  Matrilineal Customs
		V.  Muslim Women Marrying Christian Men
		VI. Polygamy
		VII. Muta\'h: Temporary Marriages
	E.  Wedding Ceremonies and Celebrations
		I. Dowry
	F.  Pregnancy and Childbirth
		I. Motherhood/Childcare
		II. Breastfeeding
	G. End of Marriage: Widowhood, Remarriage of Widows and Divorce
		I.  Idda—Waiting Period
		II.  Dissolution of Marriage: talaq (Divorce)
		III. Triple talaq
		IV. Talaq-i-tafwid (delegation Power of Divorce)
		V. Khul\' (khula)
		VI. Apostasy ( irtidad) for Dissolution (tansikh-i-nikah) of Marriage
	H. Mahr: Dower
		I.  Payment of mahr and Maintenance for Divorced Women
		II.  Legal Battles over Payment of Maintenance (nafaqah): The Shah Bano Case
SECTION TEN WOMEN\'S RIGHTS TO INHERIT PROPERTY
	A. Inheritance Rights of Muslim Women Misappropriated
		I.  Customary Law (riwaj-i \'am) and Women
		II.  Legal Services for Women: Access to Lawyers and Courts of Law
	B.  Muslim Family Law in South Asia
		I. The Family Laws in Pakistan
		II. Uniform Civil Code in India: A Panacea for Muslim Women\'s Plight?
		III. Legal Reforms in Bangladesh
		IV.  Islamic Laws and Women in Sri Lanka
SECTION ELEVEN EDUCATION OF SOUTH ASIAN MUSLIM WOMEN
	A. General Works on the History of Women\'s Education
	B. Beginning of Women\'s New System of Education: Local Enterprise and Colonial Efforts
		I.  Promotional Tracts for Female Education
		II.  Tracts against Women\'s Education
	C.  Supporters of Women\'s Education (hami-yi ta\'lim-i niswan)
		I. Khawajah Altaf Husain Hali (1837–1914)
		II. Shamsul \'Ulama Maulawi Nadhir (also spelt as Nazir) Ahmad, (1831–1912)
	D.  Those Who Opposed School Education for Women
		I.  Sir Syed [also spelt as Saiyyid] Ahmed Khan
		II.  Other Prominent Opposition
	E.  Support for Women\'s Education in the Early 20th Century
		I.  Male Founders of Schools for Women
			(a) Shaikh \'Abdullah (1874–1965)
			(b) Maulana Karamat Husain (1854–1917)
		II.  Female Founders of Schools for Women
			(a) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880–1932)
			(b) Nawwab Sultan Jahan Begam
	F.  Nineteenth Century Muslim Women Reading and Teaching
		I.  New School Education for Girls
		II.  Western Women and Muslim Women\'s Education
	G.  Women\'s Education: in Post-1947 South Asia
		I.  Women\'s Education in Pakistan
		II.  Women\'s Education in Bangladesh
		III. Women\'s Education in India
	H. Medical education for women
		I.  Beginning of Medical Education in the 19th Century
		II.  Early Medical Texts and Literature for Women
		III.  Early Hospitals for Women
		IV.  Women and the Nursing Profession: the Current Scene
		V.  Traditional Birth Attendants (dai\'s)
SECTION TWELVE SOUTH ASIAN MUSLIM WOMEN\'S HEALTH
	A. Women\'s Physical Health Status
		I. Women with Disabilities
		II. Mental Health Status
		III. Nutrition for Women
		IV. Health Care for Women
		V. Gender Bias in Female Healthcare
		VI. Maternal and Infant Health
	B. Reproductive Health and Women\'s Choices
		I. Birth Spacing
		II.  Use of Contraceptives and Women\'s Reproductive Health
		III.  Religious Opinion and Birth Control
		IV. Abortion
		V.  Women\'s Fertility: Effects Caused by Education
			(a)  Fertility and Employment
			(b)  Fertility and Women\'s Labour Force Participation
			(c) Female Fertility Trends in South Asia
			(d) Socio-economic Determinants of Fertility
			(e) Fertility and Family Planning Programmes
			(f ) Attitudes towards Family Planning
			(g) Fertility Decline
SECTION THIRTEEN PERSPECTIVES ON SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN\'S DEVELOPMENT
	A.  Women and Development in Pakistan
		I.  Rural Women and Development in Pakistan
		II.  Urban Women in Pakistan
	B.  Women and Development in Bangladesh
		I.  Rural Women and Development in Bangladesh
		II.  Urban Women in Bangladesh
	C.  Economic Status of Women
		I.  Texts on Women and Works Written in the 19th Century
		II.  Muslim Women and Poverty in South Asia
		III.  Women and Work in Bangladesh
		IV.  Rural Credit Programmes/Grameen Bank in Bangladesh
		V.  Women and Work in Pakistan
		VI.  Women, and Banking in Pakistan
		VII.  Muslim Women and Work in India
		VIII. Women\'s Self Employment
		IX.  Women and Handicrafts
SECTION FOURTEEN THE ARTS AND DESIGN
	A.  Women and literature
		I.  Women\'s Language
		II.  Men Impersonating Women\'s Voices: rekhti (rexti)
		III.  Urdu Periodicals for Women
		IV.  Women in the Folk Tales
		V.  Women\'s Images in Literature: dastan
		VI.  Women\'s Portrayal in Contemporary South Asian Writings
		VII.  Novels and Short Stories of Muslim Women Writers
		VIII. Women Poets
			(a) Mah Laqa Ba\'i Canda (1798–1824)
			(b) Zahida Khatun Sharwani (1894–?)
			(c) General Studies on Women Poets
			(d) Contemporary Poets
		IX. Autobiographies by Women
		X. Biased Images of Women in Textbooks
	B.  Women and Love in Urdu Literature
		I.  Love and Pain
		II. Same-sex Relations: Reflections from Urdu Writings
	C.  Women and Arts and Design
		I.  Women Painters
		II.  Women Calligraphists
	D. Music/Dance
	E.  Women\'s Textile and Jewellery
	F.  Film and Media
SECTION FIFTEEN CHALLENGES, THREATS, AND THE RESPONSES OF WOMAN
	A.  Violence against Women
		I.  Rape Crimes
		II. Trafficking of Women
		III. Karo-Kari: Murdering Women for \'Honour\'
	B.  Women, War and Conflict
	C.  Prostitution
	D.  Crimes by Women
		I.  Criminal Justice System and Women
	E. Women\'s Responses: Non-government Organizations
		I.  All Pakistan Women\'s Association
SECTION SIXTEEN FEMINISM, NEW SCHOLARSHIP AND NEW TOOLS FOR DEVELOPMENT
	A.  Early Voices of Feminism
	B.  Feminism in the 20th Century
		I. Taslima Nasrin—A Feminist?
	C.  Patriarchy Today
	D.  New Scholarship for Women
	E.  Women Teaching/Learning Islam
Subject Index
Author Index