INORGANIC-ORGANIC COMPOSITES FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Contents
About the Editors
Wastewater Treatment Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Physico-Chemical Assessment of Wastewater
		2.1 Physical Characteristics
		2.2 Chemical Characteristics
	3 Classification of Pollutants in Wastewater
		3.1 Organic Pollutants
		3.2 Inorganic Pollutants
	4 Water Treatment Technologies: Operational Principles and Limitations
		4.1 Conventional Water Treatment Methods
		4.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes
	5 Conclusion
	References
Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids for Water and Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Pollutants in Water Bodies
	3 Water Treatment Technologies
		3.1 Primary Water Treatment Technologies
		3.2 Secondary Water Treatment Technologies
		3.3 Tertiary Water Treatment Methods
	4 Advancement in Water Treatment Technologies
	5 Organic–inorganic Hybrid Polymer
		5.1 Fabrication of Organic–inorganic Polymer Hybrids
	6 Recent Advancement in Water/Wastewater Treatment Technologies
		6.1 Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids as Coagulant/Flocculants
		6.2 Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids as Adsorbent
		6.3 Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids as Photocatalyst
		6.4 Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids in Membrane Technologies
		6.5 Organic–Inorganic Polymer Hybrids in Disinfection of Biological Contaminants
	7 Future Aspects and Major Challenges
	8 Conclusion
	References
Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Environmental Remediation
	1 Introduction
	2 Common Routes for Synthesis of HAp
		2.1 Co-Precipitation
		2.2 Hydrothermal
		2.3 Sol–Gel Method
		2.4 Microwave-Assisted Method
	3 Proprieties
		3.1 Crystalline Structure
		3.2 Substitution Properties
		3.3 Thermal Stability
		3.4 PH Stability
		3.5 Acid–Base Propriety
	4 Environmental Applications of Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials
		4.1 Molecule Adsorption and Separation for Wastewater Remediation
		4.2 Catalysis for Organic Pollutants Degradation in Water
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sequestration of Heavy Metal Pollutants by Fe3O4-based Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Magnetite
	3 Magnetite Composites
		3.1 Magnetite-polymer Composites
		3.2 Magnetite-biosorbent Composites
	4 Conclusion
	References
Zeolite for Treatment of Distillery Wastewater in Fluidized Bed Systems
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Distillery Wastewater
	2 Natural Zeolite
		2.1 General Properties and Occurrence of Natural Zeolite
		2.2 Zeolite as a Suitable Biomass Carrier Material
		2.3 Hydrodynamics of Zeolite in Fluidised Bed Reactor
		2.4 Performance of Zeolite in Anaerobic Fluidised Bed Reactor
	3 Photocatalytic Degradation
		3.1 Support Materials for TiO2 Photocatalyst
		3.2 Natural Zeolite as Photocatalyst Support Material
		3.3 Methods of Immobilizing TiO2 on Zeolite
		3.4 Zeolite/TiO2 Fluidized Bed Reactor
	4 Conclusion
	References
Photodegradation of Emerging Pollutants Using Catalysts Supported in Organic and Inorganic Composite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment
	3 Catalytic Photodegradation
	4 Photocatalysts Supported on Solid Materials
	References
Agricultural Wastes Utilization in Water Purification
	1 Introduction
	2 Removal of Pollutants by Agriculture Waste
		2.1 Raw Agro-Waste and Water Purification
		2.2 Chemically Modified Agro-Waste and Water Purification
		2.3 Thermally Modified Agriculture Waste
	3 Removal of Pollutants by Using Materials Derived from Agriculture Wastes
		3.1 Metal and Metal Oxide Nananoparticles Obtained from Agro-Waste
		3.2 Cellulose or Cellulose-Based Composites Obtained from Agro-Waste
		3.3 Carbon Material and Carbon-Based Nanomaterials from Agro-Waste
	4 Adsorption Isotherm Models
		4.1 Langmuir Isotherm Model
		4.2 Freundlich Isotherm Model
		4.3 Temkin Isotherm Model
	5 Kinetic Models
	6 Mechanism of Adsorption
	7 Conclusions
	References
Mesoporous Materials for Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Contamination of Wastewater by Heavy Metals
	3 General Information on Adsorption
		3.1 Pseudo-First-Order Model
		3.2 Pseudo-Second-Order Model
		3.3 Adsorption Isotherms
	4 Mesoporous Silica Materials
		4.1 Synthesis Mechanisms
		4.2 Grafting Methods
	5 Applications of Ordered Mesoporous Materials
		5.1 Applications of Functionalized Mesoporous Silicates in Removal of Heavy Metals
	6 Conclusion
	References
Role of Water/Wastewater/Industrial Treatment Plants Sludge in Pollutant Removal
	1 Introduction
	2 Sludge and Its Production Rate in Wastewater Treatment Plants
		2.1 Stages of Sewage Treatment
		2.2 Volume Reduction Processes
		2.3 Stabilization Processes
	3 Preparation of Adsorbents Derived from Sludge
	4 Sludge-Based Adsorbents Characterization
		4.1 Carbonization
		4.2 Physical Activation
		4.3 Chemical Activation
		4.4 Post Treatment
	5 Applications
		5.1 Organic Matter Removal
		5.2 Heavy Metal Removal
		5.3 Gas Pollutant Removal
		5.4 Others
	6 Conclusion
	References