Inorganic Chemistry

Cover
Inorganic Chemistry
Copyright
Preface
Part
I: Structure of atoms and molecules
1. Light, electrons, and nuclei
	1.1 Some early experiments in atomic physics
	1.2 The nature of light
	1.3 The Bohr model
	1.4 Particle-wave duality
	1.5 Electronic properties of atoms
	1.6 Nuclear binding energy
	1.7 Nuclear stability
	1.8 Types of nuclear decay
	1.9 Predicting decay modes
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
2. Basic quantum mechanics and atomic structure
	2.1 The postulates
	2.2 The hydrogen atom
	2.3 The helium atom
	2.4 Slater wave functions
	2.5 Electron configurations
	2.6 Spectroscopic states
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
3. Covalent bonding in diatomic molecules
	3.1 The basic procedures of molecular orbital methods
	3.2 The H2+ and H2 molecules
	3.3 Diatomic molecules of second row elements
	3.4 Photoelectron spectroscopy
	3.5 Heteronuclear diatomic molecules
	3.6 Electronegativity
	3.7 Spectroscopic states for molecules
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Chapter 4 - A survey of inorganic structures and bonding
	4.1 Structures of molecules having single bonds
	4.2 Resonance and formal charge
	4.3 Complex structures: a preview of coming attractions
	4.4 Electron-deficient molecules
	4.5 Structures having unsaturated rings
	4.6 Bond energies
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
5. Symmetry and molecular orbitals
	5.1 Symmetry elements
	5.2 Orbital symmetry
	5.3 A brief look at group theory
	5.4 Construction of molecular orbitals
	5.5 Orbitals and angles
	5.6 Simple calculations using the Hückel method
	5.7 Determination of the structure of a triatomic molecule
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Part
II: Condensed phases
6. Dipole moments and intermolecular interactions
	6.1 Dipole moments
	6.2 Dipole-dipole forces
	6.3 Dipole–induced dipole forces
	6.4 London (dispersion) forces
	6.5 van der Waals equation
	6.6 Hydrogen bonding
		6.6.1 Hydrogen bonding and its effects
		6.6.2 Effects of hydrogen bonding on infrared spectra
		6.6.3 Structural effects on hydrogen bonding
		6.6.4 Solvent effects on hydrogen bonding
		6.6.5 Hydrogen bond strengths
	6.7 Cohesion energy and solubility parameters
	6.8 Miscibility
	6.9 Solvatochromism
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
7. Ionic bonding and structures of solids
	7.1 Energetics of crystal formation
	7.2 Madelung constants
	7.3 The Kapustinskii equation
	7.4 Ionic sizes and crystal environments
	7.5 Crystal structures
	7.6 Solubility of ionic compounds
	7.7 Proton and electron affinities
	7.8 Structures of metals
	7.9 Defects in crystals
	7.10 Phase transitions in solids
	7.11 Heat capacity of solids
	7.12 Hardness of solids
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
8. Dynamic processes involving inorganic solids
	8.1 Characteristics of solid-state reactions
	8.2 Kinetic models for reactions in solids
		8.2.1 First order
		8.2.2 The parabolic rate law
		8.2.3 Contracting volume rate law
		8.2.4 Rate laws for cases involving nucleation
		8.2.5 Reactions between two solids
		8.2.6 Ball milling (mechanochemistry)
	8.3 Thermal methods of analysis
	8.4 Effects of pressure
	8.5 Reactions in some solid inorganic compounds
	8.6 Phase transitions
	8.7 Reactions at interfaces
	8.8 Adsorption
	8.9 Heterogeneous catalysis
	8.10 Diffusion in solids
	8.11 Sintering
	8.12 Drift and conductivity
	8.13 Photovoltaic materials
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Part
III: Acids, bases, and solvents
9. Acid–base chemistry
	9.1 Arrhenius theory
	9.2 Brønsted–Lowry theory
	9.3 Factors affecting strength of acids and bases
	9.4 Acid–base character of oxides
	9.5 Proton affinities
	9.6 Lewis theory
	9.7 Catalytic behavior of acids and bases
	9.8 The hard–soft interaction principle
		9.8.1 Hydrogen bonding
		9.8.2 Linkage isomers
		9.8.3 Solubility
		9.8.4 Reactive site preference
		9.8.5 Formation of crystal lattices
	9.9 Electronic polarizabilities
	9.10 The Drago four-parameter equation
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
10. Chemistry in nonaqueous solvents
	10.1 Some common nonaqueous solvents
	10.2 The solvent concept
	10.3 Amphoteric behavior
	10.4 The coordination model
	10.5 Chemistry in liquid ammonia
		10.5.1 Ammoniation reactions
		10.5.2 Ammonolysis reactions
		10.5.3 Metathesis reactions
		10.5.4 Acid–base reactions
		10.5.5 Metal–ammonia solutions
	10.6 Liqiud hydrogen fluoride
	10.7 Liqiud sulfur dioxide
	10.8 Superacids
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Part
IV: Chemistry of the elements
11. Chemistry of metallic elements
	11.1 The metallic elements
	11.2 Bonding in metals
	11.3 Group IA and IIA metals
		11.3.1 General characteristics
		11.3.2 Negative ions
		11.3.3 Hydrides
		11.3.4 Oxides and hydroxides
		11.3.6 Halides
		11.3.7 Sulfides, nitrides, carbides, borides, and phosphides
		11.3.8 Carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates
	11.4 Zintl phases
	11.5 Aluminum and beryllium
	11.6 The first-row transition metals
	11.7 Second- and third-row transition metals
	11.8 Alloys
	11.9 Chemistry of transition metals
		11.9.1 Transition metal oxides and related compounds
		11.9.2 Halides and oxyhalides
	11.10 The lanthanides
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
12. Organometallic compounds of the main group elements
	12.1 Preparation of organometallic compounds
		12.1.1 Reaction of metals and alkyl halides
		12.1.2 Alkyl group–transfer reactions
		12.1.3 Reaction of a grignard reagent with a metal halide
		12.1.4 Reaction of an olefin with hydrogen and a metal
	12.2 Organometallic compounds of group IA metals
	12.3 Organometallic compounds of group IIA metals
	12.4 Organometallic compounds of group IIIA metals
	12.5 Organometallic compounds of group IVA metals
	12.6 Organometallic compounds of group VA elements
	12.7 Organometallic compounds of Zn, Cd, and Hg
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
13. Chemistry of nonmetallic elements I. Hydrogen, boron, oxygen, and carbon
	13.1 Hydrogen
		13.1.1 Preparation of hydrogen
		13.1.2 Hydrides
	13.2 Boron
		13.2.1 Elemental boron
		13.2.2 Bonding in boron compounds
		13.2.3 Borides
		13.2.4 Boron halides
		13.2.5 Boron hydrides
		13.2.6 Polyhedral boranes
		13.2.7 Boron nitrides
	13.3 Oxygen
		13.3.1 Elemental oxygen
		13.3.2 Ozone
		13.3.3 Preparation of oxygen
		13.3.4 Binary compounds of oxygen
		13.3.5 Covalent oxides
		13.3.6 Amphoteric oxides
		13.3.7 Peroxides
		13.3.8 Positive oxygen
	13.4 Carbon
		13.4.1 The element
		13.4.2 Carbon in industry
		13.4.3 Chemical behavior of carbon
		13.4.4 Carbides
		13.4.5 Carbon monoxide
		13.4.6 Carbon dioxide and carbonates
		13.4.7 Tricarbon dioxide
		13.4.8 Carbon halides
		13.4.9 Carbon nitrides
		13.4.10 Carbon sulfides
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
14. Chemistry of nonmetallic elements II. Groups IVA and VA
	14.1 The group IVA elements
		14.1.1 Hydrides of the group IVA elements
		14.1.2 Oxides of the group IVA elements
		14.1.3 Glass
		14.1.4 Silicates
		14.1.5 Zeolites
		14.1.6 Halides of the group IVA elements
		14.1.7 Organic compounds
		14.1.8 Miscellaneous compounds
	14.2 Nitrogen
		14.2.1 Elemental nitrogen
		14.2.2 Nitrides
		14.2.3 Ammonia and aquo compounds
		14.2.4 Hydrogen compounds
		14.2.5 Nitrogen halides
		14.2.6 Oxyhalides
		14.2.7 Nitrogen oxides
		14.2.8 Oxyacids of nitrogen
	14.3 Phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
		14.3.1 Occurrence
		14.3.2 Preparation and properties of the elements
		14.3.3 Hydrides
		14.3.4 Oxides
		14.3.5 Sulfides
		14.3.6 Halides
		14.3.7 Phosphazine compounds
		14.3.8 Acids and salts
		14.3.9 Phosphoric acids and phosphates
		14.3.10 Fertilizer production
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
15. Chemistry of nonmetallic elements III. Groups VIA-VIIIA
	15.1 Sulfur, selenium, and tellurium
		15.1.1 Occurrence of the elements
		15.1.2 Elemental sulfur, selenium, and tellurium
		15.1.3 Hydrogen compounds
		15.1.4 Polyatomic species
		15.1.5 Oxides of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium
		15.1.6 Halogen compounds
		15.1.7 Oxyhalides of sulfur and selenium
		15.1.8 Nitrogen compounds
		15.1.9 The oxyacids of sulfur
		15.1.10 Sulfurous acid and sulfites
		15.1.11 Dithionous acid and dithionites
		15.1.12 Dithionic acid and dithionates
		15.1.13 Peroxydisulfuric and peroxymonosulfuric acids
		15.1.14 Oxyacids of selenium and tellurium
		15.1.15 Sulfuric acid
	15.2 The halogens
		15.2.1 Occurrence
		15.2.2 The elements
		15.2.3 Interhalogen molecules and ions
		15.2.4 Hydrogen halides
		15.2.5 Halogen oxides
		15.2.6 Oxyhalides
		15.2.7 Hypohalous acids and hypohalites
		15.2.8 Halous acids and halites
		15.2.9 Halic acids and halates
		15.2.10 Perhalic acids and perhalates
	15.3 The noble gases
		15.3.1 The elements
		15.3.2 The xenon fluorides
		15.3.3 Reactions of xenon fluorides and oxyfluorides
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Part
V: Chemistry of coordination compounds
16. Introduction to coordination chemistry
	16.1 Structures of coordination compounds
	16.2 Metal–ligand bonds
	16.3 Naming coordination compounds
	16.4 Isomerism
		16.4.1 Geometrical isomerism
		16.4.2 Optical isomerism
		16.4.3 Linkage isomerism
		16.4.4 Ionization isomerism
		16.4.5 Coordination isomerism
		16.4.6 Hydrate isomerism
		16.4.7 Polymerization isomerism
	16.5 A simple valence bond description of coordinate bonds
	16.6 Magnetism
	16.7 A survey of complexes of first-row metals
	16.8 Complexes of second- and third-row metals
	16.9 The 18-electron rule
	16.10 Back donation
	16.11 Complexes of dinitrogen, dioxygen, and dihydrogen
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
17. Ligand fields and molecular orbitals
	17.1 Splitting of d orbital energies in octahedral fields
	17.2 Splitting of d orbital energies in fields of other symmetry
	17.3 Factors affecting Δ
	17.4 Consequences of crystal field splitting
	17.5 Jahn–Teller distortion
	17.6 Spectral bands
	17.7 Molecular orbitals in complexes
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
18. Interpretation of spectra
	18.1 Spectroscopic states in ligand fields
	18.2 Orgel diagrams
	18.3 Racah parameters and quantitative methods
	18.4 The nephelauxetic effect
	18.5 Tanabe–Sugano diagrams
	18.6 The Lever method
	18.7 Jørgensen's method
	18.8 Charge transfer absorption
	18.9 Solvatochromism
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
19. Composition and stability of complexes
	19.1 Composition of complexes in solution
	19.2 Job's method of continuous variations
	19.3 Equilibria involving complexes
	19.4 Distribution diagrams
	19.5 Factors affecting the stability of complexes
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
20. Synthesis and reactions of coordination compounds
	20.1 Synthesis of coordination compounds
		20.1.1 Reaction of a metal salt with a ligand
		20.1.2 Ligand replacement reactions
		20.1.3 Reaction of two metal compounds
		20.1.4 Oxidation–reduction reactions
		20.1.5 Partial decompositions
		20.1.6 Precipitation making use of the hard–soft interaction principle
		20.1.7 Reactions of metal compounds with amine salts
	20.2 Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes
		20.2.1 Mechanisms of substitution reactions
		20.2.2 Some factors affecting rates of substitution
	20.3 Ligand field effects
	20.4 Acid-catalyzed reactions of complexes
	20.5 Base-catalyzed reactions of complexes
	20.6 The compensation effect
	20.7 Linkage isomerization
	20.8 Substitution in square planar complexes
	20.9 The trans effect
	20.10 Electron transfer reactions
	20.11 Reactions in solid coordination compounds
		20.11.1 Anation
		20.11.2 Racemization
		20.11.3 Geometrical isomerization
		20.11.4 Linkage isomerization
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
21. Complexes containing metal-carbon and metal-metal bonds
	21.1 Binary metal carbonyls
	21.2 Structures of metal carbonyls
	21.3 Bonding of carbon monoxide to metals
	21.4 Preparation of metal carbonyls
		21.4.1 Reaction of a metal with carbon monoxide
		21.4.2 Reductive carbonylation
		21.4.3 Displacement reactions
		21.4.4 Photochemical reactions
	21.5 Reactions of metal carbonyls
		21.5.1 Substitution reactions
		21.5.2 Reactions with halogens
		21.5.3 Reactions with NO
		21.5.4 Disproportionation
		21.5.5 Carbonylate anions
		21.5.6 Carbonyl hydrides
	21.6 Structure and bonding in metal–alkene complexes
	21.7 Preparation of metal–alkene complexes
		21.7.1 Reaction of an alcohol with a metal halide
		21.7.2 Reaction of a metal halide with an alkene in a nonaqueous solvent
		21.7.3 Reaction of a gaseous alkene with a solution of a metal halide
		21.7.4 Alkene substitution reactions
		21.7.5 Reactions of a metal carbonyl with an alkene
		21.7.6 Reaction of a metal compound with a Grignard reagent
	21.8 Chemistry of cyclopentadienyl and related complexes
	21.9 Bonding in ferrocene
	21.10 Reactions of ferrocene and other metallocenes
	21.11 Complexes of benzene and related aromatics
	21.12 Compounds containing metal–metal bonds
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
22. Coordination compounds in catalysis
	22.1 Elementary steps in catalytic processes
		22.1.1 Ligand substitution
		22.1.2 Oxidative addition
		22.1.3 Mechanistic considerations for oxad reactions
		22.1.4 Reductive elimination
		22.1.5 Insertion reactions
	22.2 Homogeneous catalysis
		22.2.1 Hydrogenation
		22.2.2 Isomerization of alkenes
		22.2.3 Polymerization of alkenes (The Ziegler–Natta process)
		22.2.4 Hydroformylation
		22.2.5 The Wacker process
		22.2.6 The Monsanto process
		22.2.7 Some selected recent examples
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
23. Bioinorganic chemistry
	23.1 What metals do in some living systems
		23.1.1 Role of metals in enzymes
		23.1.2 Metals and toxicity
		23.1.3 Photosynthesis
		23.1.4 Oxygen transport
		23.1.5 Cobalamins and vitamin B12
	23.2 Cytotoxicity of some metal compounds
		23.2.1 Platinum complexes
		23.2.2 Complexes of other metals
	23.3 Antimalarial metallodrugs
	23.4 Drugs for treating leishmaniasis
	Questions and problems
	References and resources
Appendix A
Appendix B: Character tables for selected point groups
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
Back Cover