Innovation Ecosystems

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 13
Introduction......Page 15
1.1. Innovation in the world......Page 19
1.1.1. The United States of America......Page 22
1.1.2. Japan......Page 25
1.1.3. Soviet Union and Russia......Page 27
1.1.4. Poland......Page 30
1.1.5. Israel......Page 32
1.1.6. China......Page 33
1.1.7. India......Page 35
1.2. Innovation in Europe......Page 36
1.3. Innovation in France......Page 41
1.3.1. Innovation and small businesses. Is small still beautiful?......Page 45
1.4. The future of innovation......Page 47
2.1. The pieces of the kaleidoscope......Page 49
2.2. From invention to innovation......Page 50
2.3. A few definitions of innovation......Page 52
2.4.1. Incremental and radical innovation......Page 56
2.4.2. Closed innovation......Page 59
2.4.3. Open innovation......Page 60
2.4.4. Collaborative innovation or co-innovation......Page 62
2.4.5. Product innovation and service innovation......Page 63
2.4.6. Organizational innovation......Page 65
2.4.8. Social innovation......Page 69
2.4.9. Cognitive innovation......Page 70
2.4.10. Economic innovation......Page 71
2.4.12. Innovation centered on the needs of the customer......Page 72
2.4.14. Global innovation......Page 73
2.5.3. Organizational paradox......Page 74
2.5.5. Innovation and small businesses......Page 75
2.5.6. Multidisciplinary paradox......Page 76
3.1. Awakening consciousness......Page 77
3.2. The traditional innovation process......Page 79
3.2.1. Creativity......Page 80
3.2.2. The lifecycle of an idea......Page 85
3.2.3. Conditions of success......Page 86
3.3. Why and when innovate?......Page 87
3.4.1. Need engineering......Page 88
3.4.2. Inventing new needs......Page 93
3.5. Integrating environmental aspects......Page 94
3.5.1. Innovating in eco-activities......Page 97
3.5.2. Thinking differently......Page 98
3.6. E-co-innovation or innovating differently......Page 100
3.7. Innovating in a knowledge economy......Page 105
4.1. Information or knowledge?......Page 107
4.2. The knowledge necessary to innovate......Page 108
4.2.1. Knowledge of the context – watch and business intelligence......Page 109
4.2.2. Knowledge of customers and of future customers......Page 112
4.2.3. Knowledge for creativity......Page 115
4.2.4. Knowledge in problem solving......Page 116
4.2.5. Professional knowledge......Page 117
4.2.6. Knowledge of ICTs......Page 118
4.2.7. Environmental knowledge......Page 119
4.2.9. Knowledge of intellectual property protection......Page 120
4.2.10. Knowledge in project funding......Page 121
4.3. Which skills are essential to e-co-innovate?......Page 122
4.3.1. The innovation culture......Page 124
4.3.2. For a successful e-co-innovation......Page 125
4.4. Measuring the organizational capacity to innovate......Page 128
4.5. Mobilizing imagination, collective intelligence and technology......Page 131
5.1. Amplifying intelligence......Page 133
5.2. The role of computers in the e-co-innovation process......Page 134
5.2.1. Amplifying the capacity to innovate......Page 135
5.2.2. Knowledge processing via computer......Page 136
5.2.3. From artificial intelligence to KM......Page 145
5.3. Knowledge management......Page 146
5.3.1. A few definitions......Page 147
5.3.2. KM and management......Page 148
5.3.3. KM and information processing......Page 150
5.3.4. KM and skills......Page 151
5.3.6. KM and risk management......Page 153
5.4.2. Corporate knowledge: a global approach......Page 154
5.4.3. Application approach......Page 155
5.4.4. What to choose?......Page 159
6.1. Researchers, R&D and innovation......Page 161
6.2. Technological innovation actors......Page 166
6.3. Contexts and ambitions......Page 167
6.3.1. European policies......Page 168
6.3.2. Policies in France......Page 171
6.4. Motivations, evaluations and promotion......Page 172
6.4.1. Evaluation criteria of the researchers......Page 173
6.4.3. Ambitions of the CNRS......Page 179
6.5. What is the role of education?......Page 181
6.5.1. University ranking......Page 182
6.6.1. Creation of companies by researchers......Page 183
6.6.2. Business breeding-grounds and incubators......Page 184
6.6.3. Technology parks and competitiveness clusters......Page 185
6.6.4. Grouping of technology parks – Archs and Euromed......Page 186
6.6.5. European Research Area......Page 187
6.6.6. Education: training of future entrepreneurs......Page 188
6.6.7. KIZ......Page 189
6.7. Financing and return on investment......Page 190
6.8. Proposal: technological innovation in the knowledge economy......Page 197
6.8.1. Which approach?......Page 199
6.8.2. What funding?......Page 200
6.8.3. Innovating in evaluations and in measures of progress and impact......Page 202
6.8.5. Education and training......Page 203
6.9. The future of research......Page 205
7.1. The economic situation of regions and cities......Page 207
7.2. Strategies and actions in favor of regional development......Page 213
7.2.1. Industry......Page 216
7.2.2. Building the France of tomorrow......Page 219
7.3. Some initiatives in favor of territorial growth by innovation......Page 222
7.3.1. Innovation contests......Page 223
7.3.2. Other initiatives......Page 225
7.4. Removing obstacles to development......Page 228
7.5. Development in the knowledge economy......Page 232
7.5.1. The importance of a shared vision......Page 233
7.5.2. Thinking global......Page 234
7.5.4. Some proposals for change of logic......Page 236
7.6. Innovating for a prosperous future......Page 237
Inventing the Future......Page 239
Glossary......Page 241
Bibliography......Page 245
Index......Page 263