Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management

Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management......Page 5
Authorship......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Guidelines......Page 19
Human population......Page 23
Feed and other resources......Page 24
International initiatives......Page 25
A brief history of inland fisheries management.......Page 26
Conservation as opposed to exploitation......Page 27
Improved tools for management......Page 28
Anew vision for management......Page 29
Food fisheries......Page 30
Recreational fisheries......Page 32
Fisheries for other purposes......Page 33
Social objectives......Page 34
Revenue to government......Page 35
Aquaculture......Page 36
Regional differences in management strategy......Page 37
Lakes......Page 39
Rivers......Page 44
Reservoirs......Page 50
Coastal lagoons......Page 51
Lakes......Page 54
Rivers......Page 58
Reservoirs......Page 61
The size structure of fish populations......Page 62
Dynamics of fish populations......Page 64
Maturation......Page 65
Seasonality of reproduction......Page 67
Fecundity......Page 69
Recruitment......Page 72
Feeding......Page 76
Measuring feeding......Page 77
Feeding behaviour......Page 81
Growth......Page 82
Modelling growth......Page 84
Density-dependent growth......Page 85
Mortality......Page 88
Biomass and production......Page 91
Migration and movements......Page 94
Longitudinal migrations......Page 95
Lateral migrations......Page 100
Responses to fishing and environmental change......Page 101
Responses to exploitation under fluctuating water levels......Page 102
Summary of changes occurring in response to stress......Page 104
The fishermen......Page 106
Full-time fishermen......Page 108
Part-time fishermen......Page 109
Relaxation......Page 110
Owners of water rights, boats and gear......Page 111
Processors......Page 112
Retailers......Page 113
Enhanced......Page 114
Catch and return......Page 115
Factors influencing the choice of gear......Page 116
Selectivity of gear......Page 118
Principal types of gear......Page 120
Associated technology......Page 141
Fishing craft......Page 143
Social and policy implications of fishing technology......Page 144
Seasonality of fishing......Page 145
Fish preservation......Page 147
Icing and freezing......Page 148
Smoking......Page 150
Canning......Page 152
Collection of fish......Page 153
Markets......Page 154
Traders......Page 155
8. RESOURCE EVALUATION......Page 156
Models of potential yield......Page 159
Empirical regression models......Page 160
Age-structured (dynamic pool) models......Page 162
Floodplain models......Page 163
Recording catches......Page 165
Catch per unit effort......Page 166
Analysis of consumption......Page 168
Mark–recapture......Page 169
Catch depletion......Page 170
Telemetry......Page 171
Environmental data......Page 174
Habitat Quality Indices......Page 175
Physical Habitat Simulation System......Page 176
Index of Biotic Integrity......Page 177
Stakeholder analysis......Page 182
Gender awareness......Page 184
Participatory Rural Appraisal......Page 185
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation......Page 186
Conflict management......Page 187
Household surveys......Page 188
Market surveys......Page 189
Analysis of consumption......Page 190
Sampling......Page 191
Practical considerations for the implementation of GIS......Page 193
Approach......Page 196
Characterisation of recent GIS applications......Page 201
Selected applications of GIS in inland fisheries......Page 202
Fishery resources......Page 203
Habitat approaches to biodiversity......Page 205
Environment......Page 211
Multi-sectoral planning and management including fisheries......Page 213
Geographical distribution of applications......Page 214
Integration of applications......Page 215
Social and policy consideration......Page 217
Identifying needs......Page 218
Encouraging change......Page 219
Responsibility: the possible actors......Page 220
The need for co-management......Page 221
Devolving responsibilities to communities and user groups......Page 222
Building local skills......Page 225
Defining an overarching management structure......Page 226
Goals for regulation......Page 229
Measures for regulation......Page 233
Gear limitations......Page 234
Input controls: control of access and effort......Page 235
Ownership......Page 236
Size limits on fish landed......Page 237
Fisheries in the context of multi-purpose use......Page 239
Navigation......Page 241
Forestry......Page 242
Mining......Page 243
Water quality......Page 244
Pollution......Page 245
Acidification......Page 246
Dam building......Page 247
Changes in discharge......Page 248
Remedial measures......Page 249
Valuation of the living aquatic resource......Page 255
Mechanisms......Page 256
Education and information......Page 257
Techniques for enhancement......Page 258
Motives for introductions......Page 259
Risks from introductions......Page 260
Measures to reduce risk......Page 261
Stocking versus natural reproduction......Page 263
Patterns of stocking......Page 264
Population dynamics of stocking......Page 267
Assessing management regimes in practice......Page 269
Development of stocked fisheries and decision making......Page 271
Risks from stocking......Page 274
Elimination of unwanted species......Page 275
Constructing faunas of selected species......Page 276
Engineering the environment......Page 277
Genetic modification......Page 278
Economics of individual fisheries......Page 280
Economics in the wider context......Page 282
14. MITIGATION AND REHABILITATION......Page 284
Objectives of rehabilitation......Page 285
Protection of water quality......Page 288
Riparian vegetation......Page 289
Floating......Page 290
Rehabilitation of lakes and reservoirs......Page 291
Eutrophy......Page 292
Oligotrophy......Page 294
Siltation......Page 295
Rehabilitation of rivers......Page 296
Rehabilitation of channels......Page 297
Small-scale interventions......Page 298
Larger scale interventions......Page 299
Rehabilitation of floodplains......Page 301
Reconnection of relic channels and floodplain water bodies......Page 302
Creation of new floodplain features......Page 305
Submersible dams......Page 307
Fish passes......Page 308
Fish ramps......Page 309
Bypass canals......Page 310
Removal of dams......Page 312
Water regime management......Page 313
Management of aquatic vegetation......Page 316
Productivity......Page 319
Stability: resistance and resilience......Page 321
Aesthetics and the existence value of biological diversity......Page 322
Some measures of biodiversity......Page 323
Genetic diversity......Page 324
Species diversity......Page 325
Management for biodiversity......Page 326
Management of the gene pool......Page 327
Rehabilitation of the environment......Page 328
Parks and reserves......Page 329
Harvest reserves......Page 330
Size, location and area......Page 334
Agenda 21......Page 335
Convention on Biological Diversity......Page 336
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries......Page 338
Ramsar Convention......Page 339
Defining inland fisheries and their placement within the legislative framework......Page 340
Creating institutional linkages between inland fisheries and water management: the case of the United Kingdom......Page 341
The problem of inland fisheries in a federal system: the case of Sudan......Page 342
Creating a legal framework for co-management of inland fisheries: the case of Zambia......Page 344
Regional legislation......Page 346
Changing patterns for the resource......Page 348
Monitoring......Page 350
Needs for participatory management......Page 351
References......Page 354
Index......Page 375