Informatics and Nursing

Title
Copyright
About the Author
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
	UNIT I: INFORMATICS BASICS
		1. Introduction to Nursing Informatics: Managing Healthcare Information
			Informatics Introduction
			Information Management and Nursing
				United States Government Informatics Initiatives
			Informatics Discipline
				Healthcare Informatics
				Nursing Informatics
			Forces Driving Use of Informatics in Healthcare
				National Forces
				Nursing Forces
				Costs
			The Information Management Tool: Computers
			Computers and Healthcare
				Early Healthcare Informatics Systems
				Progression of Information Systems
			Benefits of Informatics
				Benefits for Healthcare in General
				Benefits for the Nursing Profession
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		2. Essential Computer and Software Concepts
			Operating Systems
			Cloud Computing
				Free Cloud Office Apps
				Sharing Files in the Cloud
				Advantages and Limitations of Using the Cloud
			Software Program Copyright
				Open Source
				Shareware
				Freeware
				Public-Domain Software
				Commercial Software
				Software Piracy
			Managing Digital Files
				Keyboard Shortcuts
				Managing File Extensions
				Disk and Data Encryption
			Other Computer Features
				Speech Recognition
				Handling Minor Problems
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		3. Basic Computer Network Concepts
			A Historical Perspective of the Internet
			Network Connections Essentials
				Types of Networks
				Network Connections
				Network Connection Speed
				IP Addresses
				Domain Name System
			The World Wide Web
				Web Browsers
				Troubleshooting an URL
			Online Security
				Computer Malware
				Protection Against Malware
				Hoaxes
				Security Pitfalls
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		4. Social and Professional Networking
			E-mail
				E-mail Signature
				Out-of-Office Replies
				Managing E-mail
				E-mail Etiquette
				Acronyms and Emoticons
			Web 2.
			Social and Professional Networking
				Networking Sites
				Blogs
				Content Sharing
				Pros and Cons for Using Social Media for Professional Networking
				Safe Networking
			Collaborative Sharing and Collective Intelligence
				Group Discussion Forums
				Internet Telephone
				Teleconferencing
				Podcasts
				Social Bookmarking
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
	UNIT II: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS FOR YOUR PROFESSIONAL CAREER
		5. Authoring Scholarly Word Documents
			Steps for Writing a Scholarly Paper
				Step 1: Researching the Paper Topic
				Step 2: Choosing the Word Processing Tool
				Step 3: Writing the Paper
			The APA Paper Formatting Requirements
				Title Page
				Abstract and Keywords
				Body of the Paper
				References
				APA Template
			Special Considerations for Scholarly Papers
				Special Considerations for Academic Papers
				Special Considerations for Journal Manuscripts
			Other Word Processing Tools
				Spelling and Grammar Check
				Page Ruler
				Format Painter
				Automatic Bullets and Numbers
				Find and Replace
				Table of Contents
				Footnotes and Endnotes
				Track Changes Tool
				Collaboration
				Mail Merge
				Accessibility
				Language Translation
			Learning New Word Processing Skills
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		6. Authoring Scholarly Slide Presentations
			Using Slideshows in Nursing
				Principles for All Presentations
				Computer Slide Models
				Presentation Styles
			Presentation Software
				Compatibility of Software
				Collaborating on Slideshow Software Design
			Basics of Slide Creation
				Views of the Slides
				Layers
			Creating the Presentation
				Storyboarding
				Content
				Accessibility
				Special Effects
				Speaker Notes
				Creating a Show That Allows for Nonlinear Presentations
			The Presentation
				Handouts
				Transferring to the Web
				The Oral Presentation
			Poster Presentations
				General Guidelines for Poster Design
				Poster Sections
				Poster Handouts
			Learning New Presentation Skills
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		7. Mastering Spreadsheet Software to Assess Quality Outcomes
			Uses of Spreadsheets in Nursing
			Tips for Better Spreadsheets
			Spreadsheets
				The Spreadsheet Window
				Spreadsheet Basics
				Spreadsheet Power
				Formulas
				Formatting Cells
				Text to Columns
				Freezing Rows and Columns
				Using Automatic Data Entry
				Data Validation
				Forms
				Formatting a Spreadsheet for Use in a Database
				Linking Cells and Worksheets From Other Sources
				Data Protection and Security
			Charts
				Chart Basics
				Creating the Chart
				Dashboards
				Pivot Tables and Pivot Charts
			Accessibly
			Printing
			Learning New Spreadsheet Skills
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		8. Databases: Creating Information from Data
			Uses of Databases in Nursing
			Database Software
			Anatomy of a Database
				Tables
				Queries
				Forms
				Reports
			Database Concepts and Terminology
				Database Models
			Creating a Simple Database
				Create and Save the Database File
				Create the Tables
				Create a Query
				Create a Form
				Create a Report
				Summary for Creating a Simple Database
			Manipulating Data in Databases
				Sorting
				Querying
			Secondary Data Use
			Discovering Knowledge in Large Databases
				Data Mining
				Online Analytical Processing
				Structured Query Language
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
	UNIT III: INFORMATION COMPETENCY
		9. Information Literacy: A Road to Evidence-Based Practice
			Information Literacy Competencies for Nurses
				Impact of the Healthcare Professional’s Information Literacy
				Teaching Information Literacy Skills
				Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning
				Knowledge Generation
				Knowledge Dissemination Activities
			Information Technology Skills
			Clinical Practice and Informatics
				Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing
				Barriers and Facilitators for Evidence-Based Practice
				PICO: Defining the Clinical Question
				Evidence-Based Research Models Using PICO
				Innovations to Support Translational Research
				Nursing Evidence-Based Practice and the Stevens Star Model of Knowledge Transformation
			Nursing Information on the Internet
				Scholarly Journal Articles
				Discovering and Evaluating Website Health Information on the Internet
				Government and Not-for-Profit Health and Disease Specialty Organizations
				Professional Nursing Organizations
				Laws, Rules, and Regulations
				Online Evidence-Based Resources
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		10. Finding Knowledge in the Digital Library Haystack
			Digital Library Basics
			Reference Management Software
			Library Guides and Tutorials
				Subject Headings
				Searching Using MeSH Terms
				Using a Search Interface
			Bibliographic Databases Pertinent to Nursing
				CINAHL
				MEDLINE/PubMed
				Cochrane Library
				PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES
			Embarking on the Quest for Knowledge
				Step 1: Questioning Practice: Recognizing an Information Need
				Step 2: Searching for Appropriate Evidence
				Step 3: Critically Analyzing the Literature Findings
				Step 4: Applying/Implementing the Search Findings
				Step 5: Evaluating the Result and Effectiveness of Practice Changes
			Challenges to the Adoption of Evidence-Based Nursing
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		11. Mobile Computing
			Mobile-Computing Basics
			History of Mobile Computing
				Smartphones and Tablet Devices
				Smartwatches
			Understanding Mobile Computer Concepts
				Smartphones and Tablet Devices Defined
				Wi-Fi Mobile Computer Operating Systems
				Display
				Battery
				Memory
				Data Entry
				Synchronization (Sync)
				Connectivity
			Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Mobile Devices in Nursing and Nursing Education
				Use in Nursing Education
				Use of Mobile Devices in Clinical Practice
				Use of Mobile Devices in Nursing Research
				Use of Mobile Devices to Read eBooks
				Use of Mobile Devices for Library Searches
			Data Security Issues
			Future Trends
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		12. Informatics Research
			Data Analysis and Research in Medicine and Nursing
				History
				Use of Technology Today
			Statistics Basics
				Online Resources for Statistics Basics
				Software for Statistical Analysis
				BrightStat Free Software
				Application Exercise
			Obtaining Data Sets from the Internet
				DataFerrett
				Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
				Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
				Canadian Data Sets
				World Health Organization Data
				National Institute of Nursing Research
			Research Evidence in Nursing
			Research Findings in Informatics
				The “Big Data” Revolution
				Current Trends on Research and Technology
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
	UNIT IV: THE EVOLVING HEALTHCARE PARADIGM
		13. Consumer Informatics Benefits
			Implementing the Promise of the Internet in Healthcare
				Electronic Medical Record
				Electronic Health Record
				Personal Health Record
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		14. The Empowered Consumer
			Consumer Informatics
			Health Numeracy and Literacy Competencies for Consumers
			Assessing Health/Numeracy Literacy
			Addressing Health Literacy Issues
				Oral Communication
				Written Communication
				Empowering the Healthcare Consumer for Self-Management
				Providing Supportive Systems
			Providing Web-Based Patient Information
				Creating a Web Page
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		15. Interoperability at the National and the International Levels
			Interoperability Defined
			Levels of Interoperability
			Standards
			US Efforts for Promoting Interoperable Electronic Health Records
				Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology
				Health IT Adoption Surveys
				U.S. Public Health Information Network
				Unified Medical Language System
				Effect of US Efforts on Nursing and Patient Care
			International Standards Organizations
				International Organization for Standardization
				International Electrical Commission
				ASTM International
				Health Level Seven
				International Classification of Disease
				International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
				Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
				Comité Européen de Normalisation
				International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization
				Development of International Standards
			Billing Terminology Standardization
				International Classification of Disease: Clinical Modification
				Medicare Severity Diagnosis- Related Groups
				The Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System
				Outcome and Assessment Information Set
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		16. Nursing Documentation in the Age of the Electronic Health Record
			Nursing and Documentation
				Invisibility of Nursing Data
				Revealing Nursing Data
				Standardized Terminologies
			Standardizing Clinical Documentation Terminology
			Concepts for Understanding Standardized Terminologies
			Issues With Standardized Nursing Terminologies
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
	UNIT V: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS
		17. Nursing Informatics: Theoretical Basis, Education Program, and Profession
			Theories That Lend Support to Informatics
				Nursing Informatics Theory
				Sociotechnical Theory and Social Informatics
				Change Theories
				General Systems Theory
				Chaos Theory
				Cognitive Science
				Usability Theory
				Learning Theories
				Summary of Theories
			Informatics in Educational Preparation
				Informatics for All Nurses
			Nursing Informatics as a Specialty
				Florence Nightingale’s Role in Nursing Informatics
				Informatics Nurse Specialist Certification
			Roles for Nurses in the Informatics Specialty
				Informatics Nurse
				Informatics Nurse Specialist
			Informatics Organizations
				Multidisciplinary Groups
				Nursing Informatics Profession Associations
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		18. Electronic Health Records and Incentives for Use
			EMR, EHR, ePHR, and Their Relationships to Emerging Clinical Information Systems
				Data Standards
			The Need for EHRs
				Paper Records
				Weaknesses of Paper Records
				Electronic Records
			The Electronic Record and Quality Improvement
			The Electronic Records Privacy and Security: HIPAA Revisited
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		19. Design Considerations for Healthcare Information Systems
			Systems Life Cycle
			Project Management
				Step 1: Initiating
				Step 2: Planning
				Step 3: Executing
				Step 4: Controlling
				Step 5: Closing
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		20. Quality Measures and Specialized Electronic Healthcare Information Systems
			Quality Measures for Health Information Technology
				Quality Payment Program
				EHR Certification
				HIT Research and Analysis Reports
			Specialty Healthcare Information Systems
				Admission, Discharge, and Transfer
				Financial Systems
			Clinical Information Systems
				Ancillary Systems
				Clinical Documentation
				Computerized Provider Order Entry
				Medication Administration
			Managing Patient Flow
				Tracking Systems Solutions
				Voice Communication Systems
			Point-of-Care Systems
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		21. Electronic Healthcare System Issues
			The Adoption Model for the Electronic Medical Record
			Strategic Planning
			Return on Investment
			Reimbursement
			Issues Related to Electronic Health Information
				Interoperability Standards
				User Design
				Workflow Redesign
			Unintended Consequences of Introduction of Electronic System
				CPOE
				Decision Support Systems
			Rules and Regulations: The Joint Commission
			Disease Surveillance Systems and Disaster Planning
				Syndromic Surveillance
				Disaster Response and Planning
			Protection of Healthcare Data
				Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
				Privacy
				Confidentiality
				Data Security
			Radiofrequency Identification
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		22. Telehealth Evolving Trends
			Telehealth Basics
				Store and Forward Technology
				Synchronous Telehealth
			Telenursing
			Other Telehealth Examples
				Telehomecare
				Telemental Health
				Clinic Visits
				E-Intensive Care Units
				Teletrauma Care
				Disaster Healthcare
			Education Component of Telehealth Projects
			Issues With Telehealth
				Reimbursement Issues
				Medicolegal Issues
				Technical Issues
			Summary
			Applications and Competencies
		UNIT VI: COMPUTER USES IN HEALTHCARE BEYOND CLINICAL INFORMATICS
			23. Educational Informatics: e-Learning
				E-Learning Defined
				Benefits for the Learner
				How We Learn
					Dale’s Cone of Experience
					Learning Styles
					Bloom’s Taxonomy and Learning Methods
				E-Learning Basics
					Examples of E-Learning Purposes
					Types and Methods of Instruction
					Quality of Instruction in E-Learning
					Role of Instructor in E-Learning
					Accessibility of E-Learning
					Pros and Cons of E-Learning
				Types of E-Learning
					Drill and Practice
					Tutorials
					Simulations
					Virtual Reality (VR)
					Resources Supporting Affective Component of Learning
					Instructional Games
					Online Assessments and Surveys
				MERLOT: Web-Based Learning Resources
				Future Trends
				Summary
				Applications and Competencies
			24. Informatics in Management and Quality Improvement
				Tools
					Financial Management: Spreadsheets
					Process Improvement
					Human Resource Management
				Using Data to Improve Outcomes: Quality Improvement and Benchmarking
					Quality Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
					Core Measures
					Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems: Hospital Survey
					National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators
				Big Data
					Business Intelligence in Healthcare Systems
					Patient Care Management
				Workflow
				Employee Scheduling
				Patient Classification Systems (Acuity Applications)
				Clinical Information Systems
				Summary
				Applications and Competencies
			25. Legal and Ethical Issues
				Ethics
					Code of Ethics for Nurses
					Code of Ethics for Informatics Professional Organization Members
				Laws, Rules, and Regulations
					Data Security Breaches
					The HITECH Act and HIPAA Protection
					The Limitations of HIPAA Protection
				Legal and Ethical Issues Associated with Telehealth
				Implications of Implanted Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) and Near-Field Communication (NFC) Chip Technology
				Legal and Ethical Issues for the Use of Interactive Web Applications
				Legal and Ethical Issues for the Use of Nanotechnology
				Legal and Ethical Issues for the Use of Wearable Computing
				Copyright Law
					Fair Use
					Not Protected by Copyright
					History of Copyright
				Summary
				Applications and Competencies
	Glossary
	Appendix
	Index