India’s Foreign Policy and Economic Challenges: Friends, Enemies and Controversies

Foreword
Contents
About the Editors
Introduction
A Rising India in the Crossfire of Competing Grand Strategies
	1 Introduction
	2 A Brief Illustration of Country-Specific Grand Strategies
		2.1 The China Grand Strategy
		2.2 The US Grand Strategy
		2.3 The EU Grand Strategy
		2.4 The Russia Grand Strategy
		2.5 The Pakistan Grand Strategy
		2.6 Seven Megatrends that will Influence Grand Strategy in the Twenty-First Century
		2.7 India in the Crossfire of Grand Strategies and Megatrends
	3 Conclusions
	References
The Indian State and Its Foreign Relations
	1 Introduction
	2 The Pre-Modern State
	3 The Colonial State
	4 Indian Nationalism and the Nehruvian State
	5 Transition to Hindutva
	6 Conclusions
	References
Rethinking “Interdependence”: The Changing Nature and Context in India–China Economic Relations
	1 Introduction
	2 Trade Promotes Peace?
		2.1 Domestic Factors
	3 International Institutions
	4 Rethinking “Interdependence”
	5 Conclusions
	References
India: Candidate Player in the Asian Economic Space—Problems and Perspectives
	1 Asia is Ever More Integrated Inside Its Economic Space
	2 India and Asia, an Unfinished Integration
	3 Connectivity, a Missing Target of Act East Policy
	4 An Economic Change of Pace is Needed
	5 Some Competitiveness Comparisons and Conclusions
	References
India and International Trade
	1 Introduction: Globalisation and the Establishment of the World Trade Organisation
	2 India as a Global Actor in the International Trade Exchanges
	3 India Negotiating the Rules
		3.1 India Applying the Rules Domestically
	4 India Participating in the Dispute Settlement Mechanism
	5 The Bilateral and Regional Dimensions
	6 Conclusions: India and International Trade after the Pandemic
	References
China’s Expanding Footprint in the Indian Ocean Region and the Indian Pushback
	1 Introduction
	2 Chinese Maritime Expansion into the Indian Ocean
	3 India’s Response Amidst Regional Flux
	4 Conclusions
	References
India and China—Two Countries Marching the March of Folly
	1 Introduction
	2 The Gloves are Off (Since 1962)
	3 Fists, Sticks and Other Absurdities
	4 Wanting (Even) More
	5 Part of a (Chinese) Plan
	6 All Still Good, Beijing Says
	7 Non-Alignment No More?
	8 Wrong Priorities
	9 Reacting
	10 Conclusions
	References
Kashmir as Frontier in Narendra Modi’s Ethno-Nationalist Idea of India
	1 Introduction
	2 Hindutva’s Ethno-Nationalism
	3 Hindutva Goes Mainstream: Modi’s Ethno-Nationalist Discourse
	4 Kashmir as a Symbolic and Physical Frontier
		4.1 Shyama Prasad Mookerjee and Roots of the BJP’s Kashmir Agenda
	5 The BJP and Kashmir’s Special Status
	6 Hindu Ethno-Nationalism at the Kashmir Frontier
	7 Modi’s Kashmir Agenda: Progress, Women’s Rights and National Integrity
	8 Conclusion
	References
India’s US Policy 1991–2019: The Gradual Loss of Strategic Autonomy
	1 Introduction: India’s US Foreign Policy from 1991 to the Eve of the Covid-19 Pandemic
	2 The Reorientation of India’s US Foreign Policy Under Narasimha Rao
	3 The Difficulties Hindering India’s Pro-US Foreign Policy
	4 The 1998 Nuclear Crisis
	5 From Unconditional Support to Bush’s “war on terror” to the Distancing from the US Interventionist Policy
	6 The US’ “Nuclear Enticing” of India (2005–2008)
	7 The Civil Nuclear Agreement: India’s Gains and Costs
	8 The Civil Nuclear Agreement: US Military Gains
	9 The Civil Nuclear Agreement: US Economic Gains
	10 The Civil Nuclear Agreement: US Political Gains
	11 The Cooling Down in the India–US Relationship (2009–2014)
	12 Narendra Modi’s US Policy During the Obama Presidency: The Economic Dimension
	13 Narendra Modi’s US Policy During the Obama Presidency: The Military Dimension
	14 The India–US Relation During the Trump Presidency: The Problem with Trade
	15 The India–US Relation During the Trump Presidency: The Nuclear Reactors Question
	16 Substituting the Strategic Embrace to the Economic Connection as the Pillar of the US–India Relation
	17 Conclusion
	References
Framing India–Japan Ties for a Progressive Indo-Pacific
	1 Introduction
	2 Partnership for a New Era
	3 Evolving Third-Country Cooperation and Continental Connect Ambitions
	4 The Japan–India Bilateral Relationship in a Multilateral Perspective
	5 Conclusions
	References
India and the Gulf: The Indo-Pacific Strategy Goes West
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Background
	3 India’s New Mental Maps of the Western Indian Ocean
	4 A Great Game of Go
	5 Saudi Visions and the Role of India
	6 Conclusions
	References
A ‘Nodal Centre’: Competing Interests in India’s Relations with ASEAN After Covid-19
	1 Introduction
	2 From ‘Look East’ to ‘Act East Policy’: India’s Evolving Relations with ASEAN
	3 Studying the Anatomy of Current India–ASEAN Relations
	4 India and ASEAN’s Changing Mutual Interests
		4.1 The RCEP Challenge to India–ASEAN Trade Relations
		4.2 (Still) A Common Agenda on Counterterrorism and Climate Security
	5 Buddhist Diplomacy: India’s Trump Card
	6 Sino-Indian Rivalry in Southeast Asia
	7 Conclusions
	References
India’s Responses to the Belt and Road Initiative: A Case Study of Indo-Pakistani Relations
	1 Introduction
	2 India’s Interests in Chabahar: Balancing Gwadar, Accessing Afghanistan
	3 India’s “Act West”: Cutting Pakistan’s Ties with the Gulf
	4 Conclusions
	References