Incomplete State-Building in Central Asia: The State as Social Practice

A Love Letter to Central Asia
About This Book
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: The State as Social Practice
	Organization of the Book
	References
2 The Incomplete State: Fifty Shades of Failure
	Indicators of Failure: Explananda or Explicantia?
	The Incomplete State: Defining and Operationalizing the Explanandum
	Transnationality: Crime and Survival
	Cross-Sectionality: Drugs for “Hearts and Minds”
	Entrysm: Mutual Trust Networks, their Stakeholders, and Social Structures
	Conclusion
	A Note on Methodology
		Case Study Method: Definitions, Controversies, Advantages
		Case Selection Strategies
		Data Collection
	References
3 Understanding State-Building in Central Asia
	Introduction
	The Myths and the Scripts: From the Heartland to the Broken-State Theory
	From Duality to Integrity: Theorizing from Within Central Asia
		Strong vs. Weak States
		Rationality vs. Irrationality
		Institutional vs. Historical Contextualization of the State
		Formal vs. Informal
		Main Propositions of the Book: The Heartland Gets Stronger Wherever It is Broken
	The State as Social Practice
	Conclusion
	References
4 Follow the Water: Soviet Legacy as Cross-Border Societal Interdependence
	Introduction
	Pre-Soviet Societal Organization and Patterns of Social Relations
	Soviet State-Making: Ethnicities, Resources, Nations
	Collectivization: Social Resistance and Collective Interest
	De-Collectivization: from Collective to Private Property
		Land: New Legal Frameworks, Old Social Patterns
		Water: Restructuring Non-Land Assets – Empowering Communities?
		Community-Level Water Management: The Case of the Isfara River
	Conclusion
	References
5 Impact of External Actors on States and Societies
	Introduction
	Organizing Security
		Border Management: Materializing Symbolic Borders and the Idea of Threat
		Materialized Borders: Standardizing National Security Infrastructures
	Societal Consequences of Borders: Creating the “Island Pockets”
		Cases of Batken, Vorukh, Sokh, and Shahimardan
		Case 1: Batken (Kyrgyzstan)
		Case 2: Sokh and Shahimardan (Uzbekistan)
		Case 3. Vorukh (Tajikistan)
	Organizing Economies
		Introduction
		CAREC: Promoting Non-standard Trade—Supporting Parallel Survival Strategies?
		CAREC’s Societal Consequences: Integrating Peasanty into the Parallel Realms of the Bazaar
		CASA-1000: The New Silk Road and the Soviet Logistics
		CASA-1000 Societal Consequences: Internal Displacement and Identity of Resistance
	Organizing Societies
		Introduction
		Formal Civil Society: Institutionalization, Patronage, and Legitimacy
		Parallel Civil Society: Outsourcing Ideological Power
		Islamic NGOs: The Narratives of Betrayal and Their Sponsors
		The Civil “Underground” and Its Sponsors
	Conclusion
	References
6 When Elites Meet: The Struggle for Power and Its Social Meaning
	Introduction
	Tajikistan: The Strategy of Elimination
	The Map of the Competing Elites and the Power-Sharing
		Democrats and Islamists as Modernizers
		The UTO Elite and Military Sources of Power
		The Ruling Elite and Economic Resources
		The Strategy of Elimination and Its Rationale
	Uzbekistan: The Strategy of Accommodation
		Introduction
	The State as a Bargain: Elites and Their Spheres of Influence
		The Ruling Elite’s Power-Logistics
		The Local Elites and the Room for Maneuver
	Surveillance: How to Centralize Power Without Destroying Existing Patronage Structures
	What If Panopticon Had Corners? Emerging Elites and the Shift of Resistance
	Kyrgyzstan and Intermingling of Elites: Toward the Shadow State
		Introduction
	Price of Multiculturalism in the Age of Nationalism: An Enlightened President and the Legendary Parliament
	A Revolutionary: “Southern” Elite Without the South
	Sites of Intermingling
		Bazaars and National Resources
		Camp 31 and the Parliament
	Institutions: A Legitimation Tool for the Monopoly Over Coercion and Economy
	All-Representant: A Ragtag Parliament as a Move Toward a Shadow State
	Conclusion
	References
7 Conclusion: Keeping It Social
	The Puzzle: Practice and Concepts
	The Argument: Three Sets of Factors and State-Society Relations
	Key Findings and Synopsis
		In Terms of History or the Legacy of the Soviet Statehood
	In Terms of External Actors
		In Terms of Local Struggles Among the Competing Elites
		So What? Broader Implications and Concluding Thoughts
		On Bureaucracies and Institutions
		On Decentralization of the State
		On Civil Society and the NGO Sector
		On Privatization and the Non-Standard Trade
	Questions for Further Research
		Think Polity with Politics: Questioning Capacity, Legitimacy, and Authority
		Sources of Power: Why Economic Resources Do Not Equal Economic Power?
		Westphalian Sovereignty: What Will We Make of It Without the Nation-State?
	References
Bibliography
Index