In Search of Good Energy Policy

Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
	1.1 Why Do We Need a Multidisciplinary Social Science– and Humanities–Based Approach to Energy Policy?
	1.2 Multidisciplinary Approaches to Energy Policy
	1.3 Examples of Different Disciplinary Approaches in Social Sciences and Humanities
	1.4 Book Structure
	1.5 Highlights and Key Lessons
Part I Multidisciplinary Perspectives
	2 Political Science and Energy
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Energy and the Political Science Literature
		2.3 Energy and Political Subfields
		2.4 Areas of Future Growth: Putting Energy into Environmental and Climate Politics
		2.5 References
	3 Economics – The Proper Valuation of Security and Environment
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 The Role and Limitations of Competitive Markets
		3.3 Market Completeness and Missing Markets
		3.4 Climate Change Mitigation
		3.5 Security
		3.6 Conclusions
		3.7 References
	4 Good Energy: Philosophical Perspectives
		4.1 Good Outcomes and Good Processes
		4.2 Good Outcomes
			4.2.1 Energy Justice
			4.2.2 Future Generations
			4.2.3 Non-identity
			4.2.4 Comparing Consequences
		4.3 Good Processes
			4.3.1 The Role of Experts
			4.3.2 Inductive Risk
			4.3.3 Participation
			4.3.4 Precaution
		4.4 Conclusions: Science, Policy and Process
	5 Public Theology – ‘Grounded’: An Energy Policy Rooted in Human Flourishing
		5.1 The Nature of ‘Public Theology’
		5.2 Environmental Public Theology
		5.3 Public Theology and ‘Good’ Energy Policy
		5.4 Conclusions: From Theology to Action
		5.5 References
	6 Anthropology and Energy Policy
		6.1 Interests
			6.1.1 Anthropology of the State
			6.1.2 Economic Anthropology
			6.1.3 Material Culture of the Home and Consumption
			6.1.4 Digital Anthropology
		6.2 Approaches
		6.3 Collaborations
		6.4 References
	7 History: A Long View?
	8 Management – From the Drawing Board to Successful Delivery
		8.1 Embodying Wisdom
		8.2 Developing an Industry
		8.3 Developing New Infrastructure
		8.4 Insightful Leadership Identifies the Risks and Removes Them
		8.5 Developing Bigger Wind Turbines
		8.6 Making It Happen
	9 Legal Aspects of Energy Policy
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Extraction of Shale Gas in the European Union
		9.3 Low-Carbon Policies in the United States
		9.4 Renewable Energy Support in India
		9.5 Legal Aspects of ‘Good’ Energy Policy
Part II Cases and Multidisciplinary Responses
	10 The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Its Past, Present and Future
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Where We Come From
		10.3 New Nuclear Technology: Old and New Challenges
		10.4 Multinational Nuclear Waste Disposal and Problems of Justice
		10.5 The Need for Global Governance of Nuclear Energy
		10.6 Nuclear Risk, Values and Emotions
		10.7 Conclusions
		10.8 References
		10.9 Response to ‘The Ethics of Nuclear Energy – Its Past, Present and Future’
			10.9.1 References
	11 Fukushima and German Energy Policy 2005–2015/2016
		11.1 The Immediate Effect of Fukushima
			11.1.1 The Political Consequences
			11.1.2 Short-Term Market and Quantity Reactions
		11.2 Long-Term Effects of the Accelerated Phase-Out
		11.3 Some Tentative Interpretations
		11.4 Response to ‘Fukushima and German Energy Policy 2005–2015/2016’
	12 Rethinking the Environmental State: An Economic History of the Swedish Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 The Oil Crises and the Development of Carbon Emissions
		12.3 Why the Oil Intensity Was So High in 1973
		12.4 The Role of Taxes and Subsidies
		12.5 Energy and the ‘Third Way’ Economic Policy
		12.6 From Three Mile Island to the Carbon Ceiling and Beyond
		12.7 Conclusions
		12.8 References
			12.8.1 Official Publications
			12.8.2 Online Resources
			12.8.3 Newspaper Articles
			12.8.4 Literature
		12.9 Response to ‘Rethinking the Environmental State: An Economic History of the Swedish Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon’
			12.9.1 References
	13 Fossil Fuel Systems to 100 Per Cent Renewable Energy-Based Smart Energy Systems: Lessons from the Case of Denmark, 1973–2017
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 The Social Anthropological GOING CLOSE Approach
		13.3 What Can We Learn from the 1975–2017 History of the Danish Energy Sector?
			13.3.1 From 1975 to 2001
			13.3.2 From 2001 to 2017
		13.4 The Development and Implementation of Integrated Smart Energy Systems
			13.4.1 The Smart Energy System Scenario
			13.4.2 The Transmission System Scenario
		13.5 The Ownership Discussion and the Transition to Smart Energy Systems
		13.6 The Coordination of Smart Energy Systems versus the Coordination of the Transmission Line Paradigm
			13.6.1 Will Smart Energy Systems Be Able to Politically and Economically Compete with the Transmission Line Paradigm under the Present Institutional Regime?
			13.6.2 If the Conditions for Smart Energy Systems Improve, Will These Systems Be Consumer- or Municipality-Owned?
		13.7 Policy Suggestions
		13.8 Conclusions
		13.9 Comments on Danish Heating Policies since 1950: A Social Science Perspective on Danish Heat Systems
	14 The Politics of Carbon Capture and Storage: How Interests Have Outstripped Economics in Shaping the Evolution of a Technology
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 A Pre-History of CCS: The Analysts’ (and Stakeholder?) Favourite
		14.3 A Brief Golden Era of CCS (2003–2009)
		14.4 Moving beyond Rhetorical Support (2009–): A More Sceptical View of Interests
			14.4.1 Government
			14.4.2 Energy Industry
			14.4.3 NGOs
		14.5 Conclusions: Why Have the Politics of CCS Been So Difficult?
		14.6 Response to ‘The Politics of Carbon Capture and Storage: How Interests Have Outstripped Economics in Shaping the Evolution of a Technology’
	15 Scaling Clean Energy for Data Centres: Trends, Problems, Solutions
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Energy Use in Data Centres
			15.2.1 Utilisation
			15.2.2 Virtualisation
		15.3 Facility Types and Energy Consequences
		15.4 Metrics and Measurement
		15.5 Twin Solutions: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Generation
			15.5.1 The Case for Efficiency
			15.5.2 Efficiency Gains in Cooling Technologies
			15.5.3 PUE Innovation
			15.5.4 The Case for Renewable Power in Data Centres
		15.6 Data Centre Siting
			15.6.1 The Opportunity of Site Selection
			15.6.2 Limitations to Siting
			15.6.3 Conflict and Change: Grid Interface and Policy Influence
		15.7 Achieving Scale
		15.8 References
		15.9 Response to ‘Scaling Clean Energy for Data Centres’ – A History and Policy Perspective
	16 Public Participation in the Context of Energy Activities: The Role of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 The Aarhus Convention, An Instrument of Energy Governance
			16.3 The Aarhus Compliance Committee and Its Case Law on Energy
			16.3.1 Case Study 1 – Construction of a Nuclear Power Station
			16.3.2 Case Study 2 – Design of a Renewable Energy Policy
			16.3.3 Assessment
		16.4 International Law and the Democratisation of Energy Policies
		16.5 Conclusions
		16.6 Response to ‘Public Participation in the Context of Energy Activities: The Role of the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee’
			16.6.1 References
	17 Biofuel Energy, Ancestral Time and the Destruction of Borneo: An Ethical Perspective
		17.1 Bibliography
		17.2 Works Cited
		17.3 Response to ‘Biofuel Energy, Ancestral Time and the Destruction of Borneo: An Ethical Perspective’
			17.3.1 References
	18 From Inspiration to Implementation: Laudato Si’, Public Theology and the Demands of Energy Policy
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Laudato Si’ on the Ecological Crisis
		18.3 A Theology of Interconnectedness
		18.4 Ecological Crisis and Societal Structure: ‘Integral Ecology’
		18.5 Minding the Gap: Technology, the Market and the State
			18.5.1 Technology
			18.5.2 The Market
			18.5.3 The State
			18.5.4 Challenges Ahead
		18.6 References
		18.7 Response to ‘From Inspiration to Implementation: Laudato Si’, Public Theology and the Demands of Energy Policy’
Part III Multidisciplinary Cases
	19 Introduction to Multidisciplinary Approaches
		19.1 Two Teams, Two Universities and Two Countries
		19.2 Five Disciplines across One University
	20 A Comparative Study of Air Pollution Trends in Historical London and Contemporary Beijing
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 London 1950–1966
			20.2.1 Air Pollution Trends 1950–1966
			20.2.2 Socio-economic and Energy Landscape
			20.2.3 Regulatory and Policy Landscape
		20.3 Beijing 2000–2016
			20.3.1 Air Pollution Trends 2000–2016
			20.3.2 Socio-economic, Energy and Transport Landscape
			20.3.3 Regulatory and Policy Landscape
		20.4 Comparing the Air Pollution Trends and the Socio-economic and Regulatory Landscape in Historical London and Contemporary Beijing
		20.5 Conclusions and Policy Implications
		20.6 References
	21 The Power of Siberia: A Eurasian Pipeline Policy ‘Good’ for Whom?
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Geopolitical Considerations
		21.3 Regional Geopolitical Considerations, Russia and Europe
			21.3.1 Regional Geopolitical Considerations for China
		21.4 Economic Considerations and the Valuation of the Power of Siberia Gas Pipeline – Gazprom and Russian Perspectives
			21.4.1 Benefits to Gazprom as a Supplier to China through Power of Siberia
			21.4.2 Wider Benefits to Russia
		21.5 Considerations for China as a Demand Market for Power of Siberia
		21.6 Legal and International Institutional Dimensions
		21.7 Environmental and Social Factors
			21.7.1 Responses from Local and Indigenous Communities
			21.7.2 Environment
		21.8 Conclusions
		21.9 References
	22 Responses and Final Thoughts
		22.1 ‘Multicultural’ Policy: Integrating Expertise from a Span of Disciplines to Inform Policy
			22.1.1 References
		22.2 Crossing the Chasm to ‘Good’ Global Climate Policy
		22.3 Climate Change – Will China Save the Planet?
		22.4 Response from the Editors, Marc Ozawa, Jonathan Chaplin, Michael Pollitt, David Reiner and Paul Warde
			22.4.1 General Lessons From the Editors
			22.4.2 Editors – Future Multidisciplinary Research on Energy Policy and Final Thoughts
			22.4.3 Editors’ response references
Index