In search of dark matter

IN SEARCH OF DARK MATTER......Page 1
Springerlink......Page 0
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 6
Authors\' Preface......Page 10
List of Illustrations......Page 12
Prologue. The Quest for Darkness......Page 14
Introduction......Page 18
Newtonian Gravitation and Finding the Invisible......Page 19
How to Measure Stellar Motions......Page 21
How Galaxies Stay Inflated......Page 23
The Jeans Equations......Page 24
Mass-Luminosity Relationship......Page 26
Gravitational versus Luminous Mass......Page 27
Historical Background......Page 28
Introducing Oort......Page 29
Oort Discovers Differential Rotation......Page 31
Oort \'Discovers\' Disk Dark Matter......Page 32
The Problem with K Stars......Page 33
Bahcall and the Resurgence of Interest in Disk Dark Matter......Page 34
Not the End of Disk Dark Matter......Page 35
Introducing Zwicky......Page 38
Zwicky and Abell Cluster Catalogues......Page 42
The Coma Cluster......Page 44
Measuring Cluster \'Pressure\'......Page 45
Virial Theorem......Page 46
Mass–Luminosity Relationship......Page 47
Results of Studying the Coma and Virgo Clusters......Page 48
Contrast between Oort and Zwicky......Page 49
How to Measure Dark Matter Halos......Page 52
Beyond the Visible Disk: The 21-cm Line......Page 53
The First Signs of Trouble......Page 54
How to Suppress Bar Structures......Page 55
The 21-cm Limit......Page 57
Beyond the 21-cm Limit......Page 58
Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies......Page 61
Importance of Planetary Nebulae......Page 62
Shape of the Dark Matter Halo......Page 64
Flaring of the Hydrogen Disk......Page 65
Escape Velocity Argument (Halo Stars)......Page 66
Objective Prism Reveals Halo Stars......Page 68
Proper Motions Reveal Halo Stars......Page 69
Timing Argument......Page 70
The Magellanic Clouds and Galactic Dark Matter......Page 71
Dark Matter in the Large Magellanic Cloud......Page 75
Aaronson\'s Pioneering Work......Page 76
The Density of Dark Halos: Kormendy and Freeman\'s Work......Page 77
Observing Dwarf Galaxies......Page 78
Why Do Dwarf Galaxies Have So Much Dark Matter?......Page 81
Is There a Large Population of Undiscovered Dark Galaxies?......Page 82
What Should We Look For?......Page 83
Lack of Dark Matter in Globular Clusters Still a Mistery......Page 84
How Gravity Deflects Starlight......Page 86
The Einstein Radius......Page 89
Probability of Lensing Events......Page 90
Strong Lensing and the Hubble Constant......Page 92
Abell 2218......Page 94
Ω (Omega) as a Common Unit of Measurement......Page 100
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis......Page 101
Observing Baryonic Matter......Page 102
Ω b at Z = 3......Page 103
Does Ω b Match Up?......Page 104
Baryonic Matter in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies......Page 105
The Baryon Catastrophe......Page 106
Virgo and Coma Baryonic Matter Compared......Page 107
Historical Build-up......Page 110
The Great Melbourne Telescope......Page 113
The First MACHO Event......Page 115
Problems and Uncertainties......Page 117
Magellanic Stream Debris......Page 118
The Future of MACHO......Page 119
Faint Stars......Page 122
Massive Black Holes......Page 123
Small Black Holes......Page 125
Small Dense Clouds......Page 126
Primordial Black Holes......Page 127
Between the Galaxies......Page 128
How to Find Intracluster Stars......Page 129
Milgrom\'s Alternative Theory of Gravity......Page 131
Why Non-Baryonic Dark Matter Is Suspected......Page 134
Classes of Non-Baryonic Dark Matter......Page 136
Neutrinos......Page 137
Fundamental Forces and Supersymmetry......Page 140
GUTs......Page 141
Neutralinos......Page 142
WIMP Searches......Page 143
Axions......Page 145
Hot and Cold Dark Matter......Page 148
Creation of Large-Scale Structure......Page 149
Cosmic Microwave Background......Page 150
HDM or CDM?......Page 152
Critical Density Preferred......Page 156
An Accelerating Universe: Dark Energy......Page 157
What Is Vacuum Energy?......Page 158
Constraining Ω b, Ω m and Ω Λ......Page 160
Could This Be It?......Page 162
Definition of Matter......Page 164
Molecules......Page 165
Structure of the Atom: Electrons, Protons and Neutrons......Page 166
Energy......Page 167
Appendix 2. Expressing Mass......Page 170
Index......Page 172