Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Front Matter....Pages I-XX
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The Immune Consequences of Trauma: An Overview....Pages 3-8
Trauma: Immune Deficiency, Immune Suppression, or Just Immune Cell Redistribution?....Pages 9-15
Neuroendocrine Response to Severe Trauma and Sepsis....Pages 17-32
Front Matter....Pages 33-33
Regulation of Hematopoiesis by Growth Factors: Proliferation of the Murine Macrophage as a Model for Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects....Pages 35-44
The Activation of Immune Effector Cells: Role of Helper and Inflammatory CD4 T Cell Subsets....Pages 45-54
The Role of Inhibitory Cells in Burn Trauma-Associated Immunodeficiency....Pages 55-62
Macrophage — T-Cell Interactions in Surgical Sepsis....Pages 63-68
The Relationship Between T Cells and Interleukin 1....Pages 69-77
Trauma-Induced Alterations of the Lymphokine Cascade....Pages 79-94
Alterations of Monocyte Function Following Major Injury....Pages 95-108
Possible Use of the Monocyte/Macrophage Activation Marker Neopterin for Clinical Monitoring of Sepsis-Related Multiorgan Failure....Pages 109-114
Expression of Functional Interleukin 2 Receptors in Burn Patients May Be Regulated by Interleukin 3....Pages 115-118
Role of Monocyte HLA-DR Expression Following Trauma in Predicting Clinical Outcome....Pages 119-122
Early Alterations in HLA Class II Expression and Response to Tetanus Toxoid by Peripheral Blood Monocytes from Patients with Injury from Burns or Trauma....Pages 123-129
Lymphocyte Surface Antigen Expression Following Lectin Stimulation: An Index of Early T-Cell Dysfunction After Controlled Murine Injury....Pages 131-136
Role of T-Cell Lymphocyte Populations and Their Products as Mediators of Immune Depression in Thermal Burns....Pages 137-141
The Influence of Mechanical Trauma on the B-Cell System: Phenotypes, Terminal B-Cell Maturation, Immunoglobulin Synthesis and Influence of Lymphokines....Pages 143-156
Activation of B Cells Spontaneously Secreting Ig After Surgery....Pages 157-161
Front Matter....Pages 163-163
Pathobiochemical Mechanisms in Inflammation....Pages 165-172
Cytokines and Oxygen Radical Responses....Pages 173-178
Front Matter....Pages 163-163
Structure and Properties of a Novel Neutrophil-Activating Factor (NAF) Produced by Human Monocytes....Pages 179-183
The Effect of Injury on Murine Neutrophil Oxidative Metabolism....Pages 185-189
Opsonophagocytosis in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery....Pages 191-194
Effects of Pyocyanine, Liberated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , on the Oxidative Burst of Phagocytes....Pages 195-199
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function Following Burn and Mechanical Injury: Regulation and Kinetics....Pages 201-213
The Role of Complement in Injury....Pages 215-218
Control of Acute-Phase Protein Production....Pages 219-228
Elastase from Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Complement, and C-Reactive Protein in Multiple Trauma Patients....Pages 229-234
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Phagocytosis, Respiratory Burst, Intracellular pH, and Cytosolic Free Calcium of Granulocytes of Post-traumatic and Septic Patients....Pages 235-240
Cellular and Humoral Reactions of the Nonspecific Immune System of Polytraumatized Patients with and without the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome....Pages 241-246
Granulocyte Adherence in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass....Pages 247-249
Studies on the Release of Lipoxygenase Products from Granulocytes of Severely Burned Patients....Pages 251-257
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Immune Modulation by Microorganisms....Pages 261-269
Endotoxin-Induced Impairment of Host Defenses....Pages 271-278
Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes in Monocyte/T Cell Function in Stress and Trauma....Pages 279-284
Serum Mediators and the Generation of Immune Suppression....Pages 285-291
Trauma Peptide T-Cell Suppression: Mechanisms of Action....Pages 293-296
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl Phospholipids in Immune and Cytotoxic Processes....Pages 297-305
Regulatory Role of Platelet-Activating Factor on Cytokine Production....Pages 307-310
Potential Role for Platelet-Activating Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor in the Immune Impairments in Shock and Trauma....Pages 311-321
Front Matter....Pages 259-259
Suppression of Endotoxin-Induced Monokine Release by Human Serum Fractions....Pages 323-326
Role of Corticosteroids in the Pathogenesis of Post-traumatic Thymic Involution....Pages 327-332
Front Matter....Pages 333-333
Immunology of Skin....Pages 335-337
Immune Regulation of Wound Healing....Pages 339-349
Aspects of Immunological Control of Compensatory Organ Growth....Pages 351-354
Front Matter....Pages 355-355
Relationship Between Immune Function and Posttrauma Morbidity and Mortality....Pages 357-362
Immunological Alterations Following Simple Hemorrhage....Pages 363-373
Blood Transfusions: The Immunologic Sequelae....Pages 375-382
Nutrition and Resistance to Sepsis....Pages 383-388
The Gut-Origin Septic States....Pages 389-402
The Influence of Anesthetic Agents on the Immune Response: A Crucial Factor in Immune Suppression?....Pages 403-410
Comparison of the Effects of General Endotracheal and Epidural Anesthesia on the Immune Functions....Pages 411-417
Effect of Splenectomy Upon the Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Immunization....Pages 419-421
Surgical Aspects of AIDS....Pages 423-425
Front Matter....Pages 427-427
Immunomodulation and the Surgeon....Pages 429-439
Immune Consequences of the Acute Stress Response and Sepsis....Pages 441-449
Immunomodulation in Animal Models of Injury....Pages 451-458
Use of Plasma Exchange in Thermally Injured Patients....Pages 459-474
In Vivo Infusion of a Single Dose of Endotoxin in Healthy Humans Causes In Vitro Alterations of Both T-Cell and Adherent Cell Functions....Pages 475-483
Treatment of Burn Patients with Polymyxin B: Effects on Lymphokine Regulation....Pages 485-493
Front Matter....Pages 427-427
Mechanisms of Neutralization of Endotoxin by Monoclonal IgG Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharide....Pages 495-500
Investigations to Demonstrate the Antibacterial and Antitoxic Efficacy of an IgM-Enriched Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation....Pages 501-507
Therapy of Secondary T-Cell Immunodeficiencies with Biological Substances and Drugs....Pages 509-517
Immunomodulation as a Potential Therapeutic Approach in Immunodeficiencies....Pages 519-529
Perioperative Immunomodulation in Patients with Major Surgical Trauma....Pages 531-549
Effect of Therapeutic Gamma-Interferon Administration on Wound Infection After Resuscitated Hemorrhagic Shock....Pages 551-555
Back Matter....Pages 557-566