Immigration as a Democratic Challenge: Citizenship and Inclusion in Germany and the United States

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 10
1 Introduction......Page 11
Overview......Page 18
The case-studies: United States and Germany......Page 20
Some preliminary remarks......Page 27
2 A democratic challenge......Page 30
Social membership as a path to inclusion......Page 31
Defining the bounds of the political community as a liberal democratic concern......Page 35
Residence and subjection to the laws: the narrow sense of subjection......Page 38
Residence and societal integration: deep affectedness......Page 41
Some cautionary remarks......Page 44
The protection of legitimate expectations: a competing foundation?......Page 46
National sovereignty and automatic incorporation: limiting the scope of the claims......Page 48
3 Fair to whom?......Page 52
Setting the fairness objection......Page 53
Exploring the fairness objection......Page 57
The duty to defend the state as a ‘citizen duty’......Page 58
The possibility of leaving the state as a ‘citizen prerogative’......Page 64
Looking at fairness from the other way round......Page 66
4 Safeguarding liberal democracy from itself......Page 70
Setting the democratic objection......Page 71
Exploring the democratic objection......Page 72
Homogeneous body of citizens v. homogeneously different body of permanent resident aliens?......Page 73
The democratic relevance of heterogeneity......Page 78
Exclusion to encourage effective inclusion......Page 84
What effective inclusion requires......Page 87
The exclusion of illegal resident aliens......Page 91
Automatic incorporation of illegal resident aliens......Page 93
Fairness and the inclusion of illegal resident aliens......Page 95
Illegal resident aliens and the democratic objection......Page 103
Disentangling rights from citizenship v. encouraging naturalization......Page 109
The alternative of automatic incorporation......Page 112
Conditions for the valid application of automatic membership......Page 115
Some objections against the path of automatic membership......Page 117
Automatic membership as an imposition on immigrants......Page 118
Nationality and individual commitment......Page 130
Feasibility objections: international lawconcerns......Page 134
7 The constitutional debate in the United States......Page 140
Resident aliens and the political realm: the unquestioned exclusion......Page 142
Resident aliens as aliens. Federal classifications on the basis of alienage: the plenary power doctrine......Page 147
Aliens, state action and equal protection......Page 153
Aliens, state action and pre-emption......Page 161
The constitutional status of illegal resident aliens: including the unconsented......Page 165
Precedence in case law......Page 166
California’s Proposition 187 subject to review......Page 172
Alienage and the difference that residence makes: competing foundations for inclusion......Page 175
Constitutional constraints on the definition of the national community: inclusion through citizenship......Page 183
Naturalization: state sovereignty versus individual rights......Page 184
The birthright citizenship debate: setting additional obstacles to automatic incorporation?......Page 187
Summary......Page 192
Aliens and the German Basic Law......Page 196
The protection of aliens in the sphere of citizen rights......Page 198
The political status of resident aliens: limits to inclusion......Page 206
The alien suffrage debate......Page 209
The Federal Constitutional Court’s decision on alien suffrage......Page 213
The constitutional status of non-resident aliens......Page 216
Increasing protection through residence and societal integration......Page 218
Competing foundations......Page 223
Constitutional constraints on the definition of the national community: inclusion through citizenship......Page 225
A ‘nationalistic citizenship’ constitutionally sanctioned?......Page 232
Naturalization and nationality reform debates......Page 237
Summary......Page 242
9 Summary and final remarks......Page 245
Bibliography......Page 261
Index......Page 271
Index of Cases......Page 278