Imaging Anatomy: Text and Atlas Volume 2: Abdomen and Pelvis

Imaging Anatomy: Text and Atlas Volume 2, Abdomen and Pelvis
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Contributors
1 Abdominopelvic Wall
	Introduction
	Fascial System of the Abdominal Wall
		Transversalis Fascia
		Thoracolumbar Fascia
	Anterior Abdominal Wall Ligaments
	Abdominal Wall Muscles
		External Oblique (Obliquus Externus Abdominis)
		Internal Oblique (Obliquus Internus Abdominis)
		Transverse Abdominal (Transversus Abdominis)
		Rectus Abdominis (Abdominal)
		Pyramidalis
		Iliopsoas Unit
		Quadratus Lumborum
		Latissimus Dorsi
		Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle
	Pelvic Floor Muscles, Fascia, and Ligaments
		Obturator Internus
		Obturator Foramen and Canal
		Piriformis
		Coccygeus Muscle
		Levator Ani
		Perineum and Perineal Membrane
	Neurovasculature of the Abdominal Wall
	Pelvic Wall Arteries
	Inguinal Region
		Inguinal Canal
		Tissue Layers of the Inguinal Canal Region
		Femoral Canal
	Weak Zones of the Abdominopelvic Wall
		Spigelian Hernia
		Lumbar Hernia
		Inguinal Hernia
		Femoral Hernia
		Obturator Hernia
2. Esophagus
	Introduction
	Foregut Development
	Anatomy
		Esophagus Wall Layers
		Muscles of the Esophagus
		Pharyngeal Muscle
	Function
		Upper Esophageal Sphincter
		Lower Esophageal Sphincter
	Neurovasculature
		Arteries and Veins
		Lymphatics
		Nerves
	Diagnosis of Esophageal Diseases
	Pathologies
	Postsurgery Esophagus
3. Stomach
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Gross Anatomy
		Musculature
	Gastroduodenal Junction
	Gastric Wall
	Neurovasculature
		Arteries
		Veins
		Lymphatics
		Innervation
		Celiac Plexus
	Gastric Function
	Diagnosis of the Functional Disorders
	Imaging of the Stomach
	Postoperative Stomach
	Gastric Pathology
4. Small Intestine
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Anatomy
		Duodenum
		Suspensory Ligament of Treitz
		Periampullary Structures
		Jejunum and Ileum
		Terminal Ileum
	Vessels of Duodenum
		Arteries
		Veins
		Lymphatics
	Vessels of Jejunum and Ileum
		Arteries
		Veins
		Lymphatics
		Innervation
	Pathologies
		Congenital
		Acquired
5. Colon
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Colon
		Cecum
		Vermiform Appendix
		Ascending Colon
		Transverse Colon
		Descending Colon
		Sigmoid Colon
	Colon Neurovasculature
		Vessels
		Lymphatics
		Innervation
	Rectum and Anal Canal
	Anorectal Neurovasculature
		Vessels
		Lymphatics
		Innervation
	Sphincters
		Internal Anal Sphincter
		Conjoined Longitudina
		External Anal Sphincter
	Pelvic Floor Musculature
		Perianal and Perirectal Spaces
	Postoperative Colon
	Common Diseases
		Congenital Abnormalities
		Acquired Pathologies
6. Liver
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Anatomy
		Surface Landmarks
		Architectural Unit of the Liver
		Hepatic Lobes and Segments
		Glisson’s Capsule and Hilar Plate
		Surgical Implication of the Segmental Anatomy
	Vasculature
		Macrovasculature and Anatomical Variants
		Arteries
		Portal Veins
		Hepatic Veins
		Intrahepatic Circulation
		Lymphatics
		Aberrant Blood Supply and Arterioportal Shunting
	Presurgical Liver Assessment
		Liver Resections
		Pretransplantation Donor
	Common Pathologies
		Fatty Liver
		Liver Angioma
		Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
7. Spleen
	Introduction
	Anatomy
		Microscopic Anatomy
	Vessels
	Ligaments
	Imaging
	Variants of Morphology
	Common Pathologies
		Parenchymal
		Vascular
8. Biliary System
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Extrahepatic Ducts
	Intrahepatic Ducts
		Ductal Plates
	Imaging of Biliary System
	Extrahepatic Bile System
		Gallbladder
		Cystic Duct
		Blood Supply and Innervation
		Common Duct
		Right and Left Hepatic Ducts
	Intrahepatic Bile System
		Classification
		Right Intrahepatic Ducts
		Left Hepatic Bile Duct Branches
		Caudate Lobe Ducts
		Aberrant and Accessory Bile Ducts
	Pathologies
		Congenital Malformations
		Common Pathologies
	Postoperative Imaging
	Peribiliary Glands
9. Pancreas
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Anatomy
		Pancreatic Gland
		Pancreatic Duct
		Pancreaticobiliary Union
	Variations in Pancreatic Duct Anatomy
		Communication between the Dorsal and Ventral Pancreatic Ducts
		Pancreas Divisum
		Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junction
	Developmental Anomalies
		Annular Pancreas
		Pancreas Agenesis
		Pancreatic Head Lobulations
		Pancreatic Lipomatosis
		Ectopic Pancreas
	Neurovasculature
		Arteries
		Veins
		Lymphatics
		Innervation
	Postoperative Anatomy
		Pancreas Transplant
10. Mesenteric Vasculature of Lower Gastrointestinal System
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Arteries
		Superior Mesenteric Artery
		Inferior Mesenteric Artery
		Collateral Arterial Circulation
		Variations in Major Arterial Branching
	Veins
		Variations in Relationship between Arteries and Veins
	Imaging
11. Portal Venous System
	Introduction
	Embryology
	Anatomy
		Intrahepatic Portal Vein
		Extrahepatic Portal Vein
	Developmental Anomalies
		Congenital Agenesis of the Portal Vein
		Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt
		Extrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt
		Arterial–Portal Venous Shunt
		Preduodenal Portal Vein
		Portal Vein Aneurysm
		Portal Annular Pancreas
	Portal Venous Diseases
		Portal Vein Thrombosis
		Portal Vein Gas
		Portal Hypertension
12. Peritoneal Spaces
	Introduction
	Peritoneal Cavity
		Embryology
		Peritoneal Ligaments and Omenta
		Mesenteries
	Peritoneal Spaces
		Supramesocolic Spaces
		Inframesocolic Spaces
	Peritoneal Recesses
		Duodenal Recesses
	Pelvic Spaces
	Pathology
		Peritoneal Fluid and Air
		Localized Peritoneal Fluid Collection
		Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
		Omental Infarct
		Mesenteritis
		Trauma
		Internal Hernia
13. Adrenal Glands, Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder
	Introduction
	Adrenal Glands
		Development
		Anatomy
		Imaging for Adrenal Lesions
	Kidneys
		Development
		Parenchymal Anatomy
		Vasculature and Nerves
	Collecting System and Ureters
		Vasculature
		Function
		Variants
		Ureteral Pathologies
		Ureterovesical Junction and Vesicoureteral Reflux
	Urinary Bladder
		Common Pathologies
		Vasculature and Nerves
	Urachal Remnants
	Postsurgical Urinary Tract
		Nephrectomy
		Renal Transplantation
		Urinary Diversion
14. Extraperitoneal Space
	Introduction
	Extraperitoneal Space
	Extraperitoneal Fasciae
		Transversalis Fascia
	Retroperitoneal Space
		Perirenal Space
		Lateroconal Fascia
		Anterior Pararenal Space
		Posterior Pararenal Space
		Interfascial Planes
		Subperitoneal Pelvic Space
		Prevesical, Perivesical, and Paravesical Spaces
		Rectal Fascia
		Extraperitoneal Space of the Inguinal Region
	Conclusion
15. Male Genitourinary
	Introduction
	Scrotum
	Testes
		Seminiferous Tubules
		Tunica Vaginalis
		Tunica Albuginea
		Mediastinum Testis
	Epididymis
	Spermatic Cord and Vas Deferens
	Seminal Vesicles
	Prostate Gland
		Anterior Fibromuscular Stroma
		Prostate Pathology
	Penis
		Erectile Dysfunction
		Priapism
	Urethra
	Urogenital Diaphragm
	Conclusion
16. Female Genital System
	Introduction
	Embryology
		External Genitalia
		Genital Ducts
		Gonads
	Anatomy
		External Genitalia
		Vagina
		Uterus
		Cervix
		Fallopian Tube
		Vascularity and Innervation of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes
		Ovaries
	Postsurgical Anatomy
	Supportive Ligaments
		Broad and Cardinal Ligaments
		Round Ligament
		Uterosacral Ligaments
		Ovarian Support
17. Perineum
	Introduction
	The Anal Region
		Anal Canal
		Ishiorectal Fossa
		External Anal Sphincter
		Arteries and Veins
		Lymphatics
		Nerves
	The Urogenital Region
		The Subcutaneous Perineal Pouch (or Superficial Perineal Cleft)
		The Superficial Perineal Space (or Compartment or Pouch)
18. Pelvic Floor
	Introduction
	Definition
	Pelvic Diaphragm
		Iliococcygeus Muscle
		Pubococcygeus Muscle
		Puborectalis Muscle
		Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) Muscle
	Pelvis Architecture
		Peritoneum: The False Ceiling
		Visceral Pelvic Fascia: The Shell of Pelvic Organs
		Condensations of Extraperitoneal Pelvic Fascia: The Inner Walls of Pelvic Compartments and Spaces
		Parietal Pelvic Fascia and Its Thickenings: The Inner Lining and Support of the Pelvic Walls and Pelvic Floor
		Pelvic Fascia “Supplier” Ligaments: The Water Supply and the Electricity
	The Pelvic Floor below the Pelvic Diaphragm
	Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
19. Abdominal Aorta and Major Branches
	Introduction
	Abdominal Aorta
		Celiac Artery
		Superior Mesenteric Artery
		Inferior Mesenteric Artery
		Renal Artery
		Adrenal Artery
		Gonadal Artery (Testicular Artery and Ovarian Artery)
		Lumbar Artery
	Pelvic Arteries
		Internal Iliac Artery
		External Iliac Artery
	Collateral Pathway in Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
	Collateral Pathway of Type II Endoleak after EVAR
	Embryological Development
	Anatomical Variations and Anomalies
		Celiac Artery and Superior Mesenteric Artery
		Variations of Renal Artery
		Middle Mesenteric Artery
20. Systemic Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
	Introduction
	Inferior Vena Cav
		Embryology
		IVC Diameters and Flow Pattern
		Anomalies
		Pitfalls in Imaging of the IVC
	Pelvic Veins
21. Lymphatics of the Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum
	Introduction
	Major Lymph Node Groups of Pelvis and Perineum
		Paraaortic Lymph Nodes
		Common Iliac Lymph Nodes
		External Iliac Lymph Nodes
		Internal Iliac (Hypogastric) Lymph Nodes
		Inguinal Lymph Nodes
		Perivisceral Nodes
	Drainage Pathways of the Pelvic Lymphatics
		Superficial Inguinal Pathway
		Pelvic Pathways
		Presacral Pathway
		Paraaortic Pathway
	Lymphatic Drainage of the Pelvis with Respect to the Pelvic Viscera
		Uterus and Fallopian Tubes
		Ovaries/Testes
		Prostate, Ductus Deferens, Seminal Vesicles
		Penis, Vagina
		Bladder
	Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdomen
		The Anterior Abdominal Wall
		The Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum
		The Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdominal Viscera
	Cisterna Chyli and Thoracic Duct
	Lymphatic Drainage with Respect to the Abdominal Viscera
		Abdominal Esophagus
		Stomach
		Duodenum
		Jejunum and Ileum
		Large Intestine
		Ascending Colon, Cecum, Appendix
		Transverse Colon
		Descending Colon
		Rectum
		Anus
		Liver
		Gallbladder/Biliary Tree
		Pancreas
		Spleen
		Adrenal Glands
		Kidney
		Ureter
22. Surface Anatomy and Projectional Surface Anatomy
	Introduction
	Important Anatomical Planes
	Face
		Facial Nerve
		Palpable Arteries
		Pterion
		Parotid Duct
	Neck
		Vertebral Level of Clinically Important Structures of the Neck
		Major Vessels
		Spinal Accessory Nerve (SAN) in the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
	Thorax
		Thoracic Venous Structures
		Breast
		Heart
		Diaphragm and Major Structures Passing Through It
		Lung and Its Fissures
	Abdomen
		Solid Organs
		Major Vessels
		Hollow Organs
	Upper Limb
		Axillary Nerve
		Median Nerve
		Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve
	Lower Limb
		Sural Nerve
		Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
		Superficial Peroneal Nerve
		Sciatic Nerve
	Dermatomes
Index