ILLICIT TRADE MISUSE OF CONTAINERIZED MARITIME SHIPPING IN THE GLOBAL TRADE OF COUNTERFEITS

Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
1 Introduction
	References
2 Containerships – the engines of globalization and trade
	Containers – multimodal revolution
	The backbone of globalization
	Industry structure
	Market developments
	The effects of containerization
		Risk and Security issues
	The industry in 2020 (COVID-19)
	References
3 Containerships: legal frameworks and threats of illicit trade
	Hague-Visby Rules
	Bill of Lading (BOL)
	Rotterdam Rules
	Multimodal containers – legal settings
	Legal frameworks to counter illicit trade in maritime transport
		Information sharing
			UNODC/WCO
			ConTraffic
		Standard setting
			The International Standards Organization
				Standardization Activity: ISO/TC 204 Intelligent Transport Systems
				Standardization Activity: ISO TC 8 Maritime.
				Standard: ISO 17363:2013 Supply chain applications of RFID – Freight containers
			ASTM International
				Standard: ASTM D5728-12: New Guide for Examination of Counterfeit Documents.
				Standard: ASTM D5728-12 Standard Practices for Securement of Cargo in Intermodal and Unimodal Surface Transport
		Industry declarations of intent
			United for Wildlife Transport Taskforce’s Buckingham Palace Declaration
			Declaration of Intent to Prevent the Maritime Transportation of Counterfeit Goods
				Information sharing and risk profiling
				Reinforcing supply chain controls and raising awareness
				Application of all applicable international, regional and national rules and mutually agreed standards: a zero-tolerance policy regarding counterfeiting
	References
4 Containerships and global trade in fake products – the Evidence
	Where do we source our information?
		Customs seizures of IP-infringing goods
		Data on containerships trade
	Trade in counterfeits in container ships -- overall picture
		Types of fake goods more susceptible to be shipped by containers
		Provenance economies of containers containing fakes
		Industry-specific analysis
			Perfumery and cosmetics
				Overview
				Cross features
			Leather articles and handbags
				Overview
				Cross features
			Clothing
				Overview
				Cross features
			Electronic and electrical equipment
				Overview
				Cross features
			Toys and games
				Overview
				Cross features
	Key maritime routes for illicit trade
		Focus on specific ports (the case of the EU)
		The Belt and Road Initiative
	References
5 Conclusions and areas for action
	Next steps
	Notes
Annex A.