Hydraulic control systems

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
I Fundamentals
	1 Fluid Properties
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Fluid Mass Density
			1.2.1 Equation of State
			1.2.2 Density‐Volume Relationship
		1.3 Fluid Bulk Modulus
			1.3.1 Definitions
			1.3.2 Effective Bulk Modulus
			1.3.3 Measuring the Fluid Bulk Modulus
		1.4 Thermal Fluid Properties
			1.4.1 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
			1.4.2 Thermal Conductivity
			1.4.3 Specific Heat
		1.5 Fluid Viscosity
			1.5.1 Definitions
			1.5.2 Viscous Drag Coefficient
			1.5.3 Viscosity Charts and Models
		1.6 Vapor Pressure
		1.7 Chemical Properties
		1.8 Fluid Types and Selection
			1.8.1 Petroleum‐Based Fluids
			1.8.2 Synthetic Fluids
			1.8.3 Biodegradable Fluids
			1.8.4 Water
			1.8.5 Fluid Selection
		1.9 Conclusion
		1.10 References
		1.11 Homework Problems
			1.11.1 Fluid Mass Density
			1.11.2 Fluid Bulk Modulus
			1.11.3 Thermal Fluid Properties
			1.11.4 Fluid Viscosity
	2 Fluid Mechanics
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Governing Equations
			2.2.1 Navier‐Stokes Equations
			2.2.2 High Reynolds Number Flow
			2.2.3 Low Reynolds Number Flow
			2.2.4 Turbulent versus Laminar Flow
			2.2.5 Control Volume Analysis
		2.3 Fluid Flow
			2.3.1 The Reynolds Number
			2.3.2 Bernoulli Flow and the Orifice Equation
			2.3.3 Poiseuille Flow and the Annular Leakage Equation
			2.3.4 Pipe Flow
		2.4 Pressure Losses
			2.4.1 Major Losses
			2.4.2 Minor Losses
		2.5 Pressure Transients
			2.5.1 Hydraulic Conduits
			2.5.2 Water Hammer
			2.5.3 Pressure Rise Rates Within a Varying Control Volume
		2.6 Hydraulic Energy and Power
			2.6.1 Fluid Power
			2.6.2 Heat Generation in Hydraulic Systems
		2.7 Lubrication Theory
		2.8 Conclusion
		2.9 References
		2.10 Homework Problems
			2.10.1 Governing Equations
			2.10.2 Fluid Flow
			2.10.3 Fluid Pressure
			2.10.4 Fluid Power
	3 Dynamic Systems and Control
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Modeling
			3.2.1 General
			3.2.2 Mechanical Systems
			3.2.3 Hydromechanical Systems
			3.2.4 Electromechanical Systems
			3.2.5 Summary
		3.3 Linearization
			3.3.1 General
			3.3.2 The Taylor Series Expansion
			3.3.3 Examples of Linearization
		3.4 Dynamic Behavior
			3.4.1 First‐Order Response
			3.4.2 Second‐Order Response
			3.4.3 Higher‐Order Response
		3.5 State Space Analysis
			3.5.1 General
			3.5.2 State Space Equations
			3.5.3 Characteristic Equation
		3.6 Block Diagrams and the Laplace Transform
			3.6.1 General
			3.6.2 Laplace Transform
			3.6.3 Partial Fraction Expansion
			3.6.4 Block Diagrams
		3.7 Stability
			3.7.1 General
			3.7.2 Stability Criterion
			3.7.3 Summary
		3.8 Feedback Control
			3.8.1 General
			3.8.2 PID Controller Design in the Time Domain
			3.8.3 Control Design in the Frequency Domain
			3.8.4 Digital Control
			3.8.5 Controllability and State Feedback Controller Design
			3.8.6 Observability and State Estimation
			3.8.7 Summary
		3.9 Conclusion
		3.10 References
		3.11 Homework Problems
			3.11.1 Modeling
			3.11.2 Linearization
			3.11.3 Dynamic Behavior
			3.11.4 Block Diagrams and the Laplace Transform
			3.11.5 Feedback Control
II Hydraulic Components
	4 Hydraulic Valves
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Valve Flow Coefficients
			4.2.1 Overview
			4.2.2 Linearized Flow Equation
			4.2.3 Valve Porting Geometry
			4.2.4 Summary
		4.3 Two‐Way Spool Valves
			4.3.1 Overview
			4.3.2 Efficiency
			4.3.3 Flow Forces
			4.3.4 Pressure Relief Valves
			4.3.5 Summary
		4.4 Three‐Way Spool Valves
			4.4.1 Overview
			4.4.2 Efficiency
			4.4.3 Flow Forces
			4.4.4 Hydromechanical Valves
			4.4.5 Summary
		4.5 Four‐Way Spool Valves
			4.5.1 Overview
			4.5.2 Efficiency
			4.5.3 Flow Forces
			4.5.4 Two‐Stage Electrohydraulic Valves
			4.5.5 Summary
		4.6 Poppet Valves
			4.6.1 Overview
			4.6.2 Efficiency
			4.6.3 Flow Forces
			4.6.4 Pressure Relief Valves
			4.6.5 Summary
		4.7 Flapper Nozzle Valves
			4.7.1 Overview
			4.7.2 Efficiency
			4.7.3 Flow Forces
			4.7.4 Two‐Stage Electrohydraulic Valves
			4.7.5 Summary
		4.8 Conclusion
		4.9 References
		4.10 Homework Problems
			4.10.1 Valve Flow Coefficients
			4.10.2 Spool Valves
			4.10.3 Poppet Valves
			4.10.4 Flapper Nozzle Valves
	5 Hydraulic Pumps
		5.1 Introduction
			5.1.1 Overview
			5.1.2 Hydrostatic Pump Types
			5.1.3 Summary
		5.2 Pump Efficiency
			5.2.1 Overview
			5.2.2 Efficiency Definitions
			5.2.3 Modeling Pump Efficiency
			5.2.4 Measuring Pump Efficiency
			5.2.5 Summary
		5.3 Gear Pumps
			5.3.1 Overview
			5.3.2 Pump Flow Characteristics
			5.3.3 Pump Control
			5.3.4 Summary
		5.4 Axial‐Piston Swash‐Plate Pumps
			5.4.1 Overview
			5.4.2 Pump Flow Characteristics
			5.4.3 Pressure‐Controlled Pumps
			5.4.4 Displacement‐Controlled Pumps
			5.4.5 Summary
		5.5 Conclusion
		5.6 References
		5.7 Homework Problems
			5.7.1 Pump Efficiency
			5.7.2 Gear Pumps
			5.7.3 Axial‐Piston Swash‐Plate Pumps
	6 Hydraulic Actuators
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Actuator Types
			6.2.1 Linear Actuators
			6.2.2 Rotary Actuators
		6.3 Linear Actuators
			6.3.1 Overview
			6.3.2 Efficiency
			6.3.3 Actuator Function
			6.3.4 Summary
		6.4 Rotary Actuators
			6.4.1 Overview
			6.4.2 Efficiency
			6.4.3 Actuator Function
			6.4.4 Summary
		6.5 Conclusion
		6.6 References
		6.7 Homework Problems
			6.7.1 Linear Actuators
			6.7.2 Rotary Actuators
	7 Auxiliary Components
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Accumulators
			7.2.1 Function of the Accumulator
			7.2.2 Design of the Accumulator
		7.3 Hydraulic Conduits
			7.3.1 Function of Hydraulic Conduits
			7.3.2 Specification of Hydraulic Conduits
		7.4 Reservoirs
			7.4.1 Functions of the Reservoir
			7.4.2 Design of the Reservoir
		7.5 Coolers
			7.5.1 Function of the Cooler
			7.5.2 Design of the Cooler
		7.6 Filters
			7.6.1 Function of the Filter
			7.6.2 Placement of the Filter
		7.7 Conclusion
		7.8 References
		7.9 Homework Problems
			7.9.1 Accumulators
			7.9.2 Hydraulic Conduits
			7.9.3 Reservoirs
			7.9.4 Coolers
			7.9.5 Filters
III Hydraulic Control Systems
	8 Valve‐Controlled Hydraulic Systems
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Four‐Way Valve Control of a Linear Actuator
			8.2.1 Description
			8.2.2 Analysis
			8.2.3 Design
			8.2.4 Control
			8.2.5 Summary
		8.3 Three‐Way Valve Control of a Single‐Rod Linear Actuator
			8.3.1 Description
			8.3.2 Analysis
			8.3.3 Design
			8.3.4 Control
			8.3.5 Summary
		8.4 Four‐Way Valve Control of a Rotary Actuator
			8.4.1 Description
			8.4.2 Analysis
			8.4.3 Design
			8.4.4 Control
			8.4.5 Summary
		8.5 Conclusion
		8.6 References
		8.7 Homework Problems
			8.7.1 Four‐Way Valve Control of a Linear Actuator
			8.7.2 Three‐Way Valve Control of a Single Rod Linear Actuator
			8.7.3 Four‐Way Valve Control of a Rotary Actuator
	9 Pump‐Controlled Hydraulic Systems
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Fixed‐displacement Pump Control of a Linear Actuator
			9.2.1 Description
			9.2.2 Analysis
			9.2.3 Design
			9.2.4 Control
			9.2.5 Summary
		9.3 Variable‐displacement Pump Control of a Rotary Actuator
			9.3.1 Description
			9.3.2 Analysis
			9.3.3 Design
			9.3.4 Control
			9.3.5 Summary
		9.4 Conclusion
		9.5 References
		9.6 Homework Problems
			9.6.1 Fixed‐displacement Pump Control of a Linear Actuator
			9.6.2 Variable‐displacement Pump Control of a Rotary Actuator
	Unit Conversions
		Length
		Area
		Mass
		Volume
		Density
		Temperature
		Pressure
		Flow
		Torque
		Angular Speed
		Force
		Linear Velocity
		Power
Index
EULA