Hybrid Intelligence: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on (CDRF 2022)

Preface
Organization
Acknowledgements
Contents
I Computation and Formation
Spatial Analysis of Villages in Jilin Province Based on Space Syntax and Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 The Geographical Distribution Characteristics of Villages in Jilin Province
	4 Village Spatial Feature Extraction Based on Space Syntax
		4.1 Sample Selection for the Research
		4.2 Spatial Analysis of the Individual Village
	5 Clustering of Villages Based on Spatial Features
		5.1 Spatial Characteristics of the Villages in Each Cluster
		5.2 Conclusion Based on Comparative Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics of Villages in the Four Townships
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Human–Machine Collaborative Building Spatial Layout Workflow Based on Spatial Adjacency Simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Method
		3.1 UIC Component (Unit Size and Adjacency Matrix)
		3.2 Simulating Component
		3.3 Visualization Component
		3.4 Designer Adjustment Component (Illustration of Interface)
	4 Case Study
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Parametric Skin Design Method Based on Plane Crystallographic Group Operation Principle
	1 Introduction
	2 Algebraic Basis and Principle of Crystallographic Symmetry Group
		2.1 Crystallographic Plane Group and Symmetry Operation
		2.2 Crystallographic Plane Group and Architecture Skin Design
	3 Building Skin Form Based on Crystallographic Group Operation Principle
		3.1 Plane Point Group and Building Skin Unit
		3.2 Plane Space Group and Building Skin Form
	4 Intervention of Interference Algorithm
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Slime Mold System Driven by Skeletonization Errors
	1 Background
	2 The System
		2.1 Changing Brush Shape
		2.2 Additional Transforms
		2.3 Additional Contexts
	3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on the Spatial Layout Design of University Educational Buildings Based on Rule Screening and Multi-agent System
	1 Introduction
	2 Discussion on the Generation Method Based on Multi-agent
	3 The Rule Deduction of Space Combination
		3.1 Modular Unit Design
		3.2 Unit Plane Translation and Growth Rules
		3.3 Unit Connection Rules and Translation
		3.4 Core Tube and Layout
	4 Exploration of Space Composition and Scheme Comparison
		4.1 Program Design Ideas
		4.2 Evaluation Index Factors
		4.3 Comparison and Selection of a Campus Design Scheme
	5 Strengths and Weaknesses
	6 Future Outlook
	References
Common Ground—Online Platforms for Bottom-Up Collaborative Decision Making in Design Education
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Explicit and Implicit Skills
		1.2 Teamwork in a Virtual Teaching Environment
		1.3 Project Intention
	2 State of the Art
	3 Concept
		3.1 Collaborative Bottom-Up Decision Making
		3.2 Grid-Based Design Strategy
		3.3 Gaming in Architectural Education
	4 Practical Implementation of the Concept
		4.1 Design Methodology
		4.2 Game
		4.3 Implementation of Guiding Principles
	5 Survey
	6 Conclusion
	References
Heritage Information Modeling: The Case of Chellah’s Gate
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Case Study: The Main Gate of Chellah
		3.2 Data Acquisition
		3.3 Processing and Segmentation Using RANSAC
		3.4 Mesh Generation Procedure
		3.5 BIM Documentation
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Cellular Automata, Memory and Intelligence
	1 Introduction
	2 Memory and CA
	3 Self-intelligence
	4 Conclusions: CA as Bottom-Up Architecture with Memory
	References
InterspeciesForms
	1 Introduction
	2 Mycelium and Architecture
		2.1 The Agency of Mycelium
	3 Technical Workflow
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Simulation Algorithm Based on Weathered Rock Morphology and Optimization Algorithm for Design Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Study of the Natural Morphology
		2.1 Literature Review
		2.2 Morphological Classification
	3 Simulation Algorithm of Weathering Process
		3.1 Methodology
		3.2 Physical Weathering
		3.3 Chemical Weathering
		3.4 Combination of Physical Weathering and Chemical Weathering
	4 Optimization Algorithm
		4.1 2D Stacked Layer Algorithm
		4.2 Algorithm Design Applications
	5 Prospects
	References
II Simulation and Optimization
Research on Real-Time Interactive Spatial Element Optimization Method Based on EEG Signal—Taking Indoor Space Color and Window Opening Size as the Optimization Object
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Aim
	2 Method
		2.1 Workflow
		2.2 Adaptation of Optimization Algorithm on Grasshopper Platform
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Experimental Results and Quantitative Analysis
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
A Sunlight Duration Time Driven Multi-objective Optimization Method for the Layout of High-Rise Residential Quarters Based on NSGA2 Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Basic Calculation
		2.2 Parameters of Model
		2.3 Constraint Design
		2.4 Sunlight Duration Calculation
		2.5 Fitness Value Design and Multi-objective Optimization
	3 Result and the Optimal Layout
	4 Conclusion
		4.1 Advantages of Multi-objective Optimization
		4.2 Shortcomings of This Algorithm at this Stage
	References
Mapping Plant Microclimates on Building Envelope Using Environmental Analysis Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Regenerative Design
		2.1 Regenerative Design Strategies
	3 Environmental Analysis, Microclimate, and Vegetation
		3.1 Environmental Analysis
		3.2 Microclimate
	4 Conclusion
	References
Embedding Design Intent into Performance-Based Architectural Design—Case Study of Applying Soft Constraints to Design Optimization
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Paper Overview
	2 Method
		2.1 Design Generation and Optimization
		2.2 Soft Constraint
	3 Case Study
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Effect of Morphological Indicators on the Pedestrian Level Wind of the Existing Workers Villages in Shanghai
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Geography and Climate of the Research Object
		2.2 Morphological Indicators
		2.3 Pedestrian Level Wind Indicators
		2.4 Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Geographical Distribution and Analysis of Individual Cases
		3.2 Descriptive Analysis of Data
		3.3 The Correlation Between Spatial Morphology and Wind Environment
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Virtual Reality-Based Tool with Human Behavior Measurement and Analysis for Feedback Design of the Indoor Light Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Experiments and Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
III Artificial Intelligence
Using Text Understanding to Create Formatted Semantic Web from BIM
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Works
		1.2 Contributions
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Entity Extraction
		2.2 Text Transformation and Relationship Inference
	3 Experiment Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Intelligence Prediction of Urban Spatial Risk Factors from an Epidemic Perspective
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Background
		1.2 Literature Review
		1.3 Problem Statement and Objectives
	2 Data and Spatialization
		2.1 Study Area and Data Sources
		2.2 Epidemic Distribution
		2.3 Incidence Rate and Spatialization
		2.4 Spatial Risk Factors and Model Constructs
	3 Neural Network Training and Data Analysis
		3.1 Model Selection
		3.2 Accuracy Measures
		3.3 Layout Optimization and Prediction Application
		3.4 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Analytical Workflow for Shifts in Post-COVID Living Preferences on Neighborhood Qualities
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Data and Methodology
		3.1 Study Area
		3.2 Data Collection Processing
		3.3 Physical Feature at Personal Scale
		3.4 Model Training and Validation
	4 Conclusions and Feature Work
	References
Exploration on Diversity Generation of Campus Layout Based on GAN
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work in the Field of Architectural Layout
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Model Architecture
		3.2 Training Method
		3.3 Dataset
	4 Training and Testing
		4.1 Previous Experiment
		4.2 Improved Experiments
		4.3 Result Analysis
	5 Discussion
	References
Collective Intelligence and Effects of Anticipation
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanisms of Perception
	3 Anticipation of the Collective
	4 Artificial Intelligence on a Social Scale
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Rapid Wind Velocity Prediction Method in Built Environment Based on CycleGAN Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Data Preparation for the Pix2pix Model and CycleGAN Model
		3.2 DL Model Training
		3.3 Performance Evaluation Method and Criteria
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Demand-Driven Distributed Adaptive Space Planning Based on Reinforcement Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Planning Environment
		3.2 Space Agents
		3.3 Space Schema
		3.4 Negotiation Schema
	4 Experiment and Application
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Nolli Map: Interpretation of Urban Morphology Based on Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Nolli Map and Urban Morphology
		2.2 Applications of Deep Learning in Urban Design
		2.3 Objective
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Model Architecture
		3.2 Dataset Construction
		3.3 Training and Testing
	4 Analysis of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developing a Hybrid Intelligence Through Hacking the Machine Learning Neural Style Transfer Process for Possible Futures
	1 Introduction
	2 Novel Methods Toward Future Possibilities
	3 Imagination: Pioneering Effort for Humanity
	4 Virtual Habitation
	5 Conclusion
	References
AI Urban Voids: A Data-Driven Approach to Urban Activation
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Creation (Extracting, Compiling and Clustering)
		3.2 Machine Learning (K-means Clustering)
	4 Case Study
	5 Results
	6 Future Research Direction
	7 Conclusion
	References
Co-creation: Space Reconfiguration by Architect and Agent Simulation Based Machine Learning
	1 Background
		1.1 Agent Simulation in Architectural Design Methodology
		1.2 Machine Learning in Design Scientific Research
		1.3 Agent Simulation Based Machine Learning as a New Generation Design Method
		1.4 Co-creation with Architects
	2 Application
		2.1 Housing Precedents as Study Subjects (Space)
		2.2 Agent Simulation (Agent)
		2.3 Machine Learning (ML)
		2.4 Co-creation and AI Compliments (Co-creation)
	3 Summary
		3.1 Results Comparison
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Architectural Generation Design of Specific Architect's Sketch Based on Image-To-Image Translation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Network Architecture
		3.2 Data Preparation
		3.3 Training Process
	4 Results
		4.1 Data Preparation
		4.2 Certain Cognitive Ability for Different Perspectives of the Same Building
		4.3 The Generated Scheme Drawings Can Reflect the architect's Creative Style
		4.4 The Generated Scheme Drawings Can Reflect Good Shadow Changes
	5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Predicting the Vitality of Stores Along the Street Based on Business Type Sequence via Recurrent Neural Network
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Literature Review
		1.3 Project Goal
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Processing
		2.3 Training Set Expansion
		2.4 Machine Learning
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Vitality Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm
	4 Conclusion
	References
Study on Optimization of Building Climate Adaptive Morphology in Cold Regions of China: Case of U-Shaped College Building
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Intelligent Optimization Methods
		2.2 Optimized Objects
		2.3 Optimized Goals
		2.4 Optimizing Variables and Constraint Ranges
		2.5 Dynamic Information Modeling and Optimization Based on Solar Radiation Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Evolution of Solutions
		3.2 Selection of the Optimal Solution
	4 Conclusions
	References
Using Pix2Pix to Achieve the Spatial Refinement and Transformation of Taihu Stone
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Network Architecture
		3.2 Dataset
		3.3 Labelling Based on Analysis
	4 Training and Analysis
		4.1 Training Process
		4.2 Generation of Continuous 2D Sections
		4.3 Transformation of 2D Sections into 3D Model
		4.4 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Collapsing Complexities: Encoding Multidimensional Architecture Models into Images
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Relative Work
		1.2 Objectives
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Encoding
		2.2 Decoding
	3 Results
		3.1 Image Editing
		3.2 StyleGan
	4 Conclusion
	References
IV Material and Fabrication
Augmented Bricks: an Onsite AR Immersive Design to Fabrication Framework for Masonry Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 The Augmented Bricks Design Experiment and Outcomes
		3.1 Phase 1: The AR Immersive Design
		3.2 Phase 2: The AR-Assisted Assembly
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Exploration and Design of the Contemporary Bracket Set Through Topology Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Translations and Derivation Practices of the Bracket Set
		2.1 The Dendritic Tree-Like Column with Structural Bionics Design
		2.2 Archaize Bracket Set Using Contemporary Tectonic Methods
		2.3 Abstract Bracket Set Cultural Symbols
	3 Introduction and Analysis of Bracket Set
		3.1 The Evolution of the Bracket Set
		3.2 The Structural Function and Mechanical Prototype of the Bracket Set
	4 Topology Optimization of the Bracket Set
		4.1 Design Methodology
		4.2 Topology Optimization Form-Finding of the 2D Bracket Set
		4.3 Topology Optimization Form-Finding of the 3D Bracket Set
		4.4 A Case Study and Topological Optimization Experiment of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Bio-digital Sand Logics: Dune Sand Material and Computational Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Location, Properties and Need
	3 Methodologies
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hexagonal Responsive Facade Prototype in Responding Sunlight
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Studies
		2.1 Responsive Façade in Tropical Architecture
		2.2 Kinetic Mechanisms Using Aperture Morphology/Analogy
		2.3 Digital Fabrication: From Parametric Modelling to Fabricating Process
	3 Methodologies
		3.1 Parametric Design Approach
		3.2 Digital Fabrication for Prototyping Process
		3.3 Sun Radiation Simulation with Ladybug Tools
	4 Result
		4.1 Parametric Modelling for Creating Responsive Façade
		4.2 Digital Fabrication for Responsive Facade Prototype
		4.3 Shading and Sun Radiation Simulation with Hexagonal Responsive Façade
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Problems that Occurred in the Production Stage of the Hexagonal Module
		5.2 The Potential of Hexagonal Responsive Facade for Sun Shading
	6 Conclusion
	References
Large-Scale 3D Printing Using Recycled PET. The Case of Upcycle Lab @ DB Schenker Singapore
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 3D Printing at Architectural Scales
		2.2 Printing with Recycled Polymers
	3 Large Scale 3D Printing with Recycled PET
		3.1 Gathering Chandelier
		3.2 Dining Chandelier
		3.3 Processing of Discarded Bottles into Pellets and Filaments
	4 Results and Discussion
	References
Towards a Digital Repertoire: Design and Fabrication of a Robotically-Milled Brass Chandelier
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Design of the Brass Chandelier
		2.2 Research Objective
		2.3 Theoretical Framework: Material Agency as Craftsmanship
	3 Robotic Fabrication
		3.1 Robotic Fixtures Design
		3.2 Design Workflow
	4 Towards a Digital Repertoire with Robotic Agency
		4.1 Feedback as Robotic Agency
		4.2 Designing with Robotic Agency
		4.3 Future Exploration
	5 Conclusion
	References
Soft Pneumatic Robotic Architectural System: Prefabricated Inflatable Module-Based Cybernetic Adaptive Space Model Manipulated Through Human-System Interaction
	1 Introduction to the Robotic Architectural System
	2 Literature Review: From Theory to Practice
	3 Methodology Based on Structure and Performance
		3.1 The Exploration of Material Agent
		3.2 Inputs, Outputs, and Interaction
		3.3 Fabrication and Systemization
	4 Results as a Synergistic System
	5 Discussion and Future Work
	References
Morphology of Free-Form Timber Structure Determination by LSTM Oriented by Robotic Fabrication
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Workflow
		3.2 Data Transformation
		3.3 Robotic Setup
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Training
		4.2 Robotic Simulation
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Performative Ornament: Enhancing Humidity and Light Levels for Plants in Multispecies Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Posthuman Design and Multispecies Theory
	3 Theoretical Underpinnings for Methodology
		3.1 “Thing Ethnography”—Water
		3.2 Biomimicry Strategies
	4 Methodology
	5 Results and Conclusions
	References
Regression-Based Inductive Reconstruction of Shell Auxetic Structures
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Auxetic Structures
		1.2 Generative Particle-Spring System for Material Behaviour Simulation
		1.3 Artificial Intelligence for Material Prediction
	2 Research Objectives, Methods, and Processes
		2.1 Generative Physics Simulation
		2.2 Dataset Generation
		2.3 Deep Neuronal Network Architecture Model
		2.4 Geometry Reconstruction
	3 Conclusions
	References
Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Methods
		3.1 Passive Flexible Mold
		3.2 External Forces–Shear and Friction
		3.3 End Effectors
		3.4 Toolpath Planning
		3.5 Ball Filling’s Pressure Control
		3.6 Surface-Protective Materials
		3.7 Feedback Forming
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Surface′s Accuracy and Quality
		4.2 Cracks and Textures
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Cracking Study
		5.2 Fluidized Bed Technology
		5.3 Forming Strategy of Complicate Shape
		5.4 Real-Time Feedback
		5.5 Material Researches
	References
Fabrication of Reinforced 3D Concrete Printing Formwork
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Transition to Robotic Fabrication in the Digital Era
		2.2 3D Printing Concrete as a New Normal
		2.3 Previous Attempts of Reinforcement Strategies in 3D Printing Concrete
	3 Methodology
	4 Integrated Human and Robotic Fabrication
		4.1 FU Robot as a Platform for 3D Printing Process
		4.2 Additive Concrete Formwork Manufacturing Process
		4.3 Additive Concrete Formwork Manufacturing Process
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Time and Material Cost
		5.2 Fabrication Deviation
		5.3 Different Types of Additive Agent
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Levelling Calibration and Intelligent Real-Time Monitoring of the Assembly Process of a DfD-Based Prefabricated Structure Using a Motion Capture System
	1 Introduction
	2 BIM System and the Motion Capture System
		2.1 BIM-Based Construction Control System
		2.2 Motion Capture System
	3 Experiments and the Results
		3.1 Design of the Structure and the BIM System
		3.2 On-Site Levelling Calibration
	4 Conclusion
	References
Author Index