Humic substances of soils and general theory of humification

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 4
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Preface to the English Language Edition......Page 8
Table of Contents......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
 Composition of Plant Remains and Pathways of their Transformation During Humification......Page 19
 Relative Stability of Organic Matter......Page 42
 Problems of Separation and Nomenclature of Humic Substances......Page 51
 General Remarks......Page 61
 Nature of Humic Substances from their Elemental Composition......Page 73
 Evaluation of Structure and Some Properties of Humic Substances from Elemental Composition......Page 79
 Supplementary Data on the Elemental Composition of Humic Substances and its Change in the Course of Agricultural Exploitation of Soils......Page 91
3. Structural Units and Functional Groups of Humic Substances......Page 102
 Acid Hydrolysis of Humic Substances......Page 103
  Amino acids and amino sugars......Page 104
  Carbohydrate Fragments......Page 111
 Oxidation Products of Humic Substances......Page 113
 Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Data to Describe Humic Substances......Page 122
 Functional Groups and Distribution of Oxygen......Page 126
 Interaction of Humic Substances with the Mineral Components of Soils......Page 137
  Methods for Study of Organo-mineral, Interactions......Page 141
  Composition and Properties of Compounds of Humic Substances with Metals......Page 148
  Interaction of Humic Substances with Soil Minerals......Page 155
4. Electron and Molecular Absorption Spectra of Humic Substances......Page 163
 Electron Absorption Spectra......Page 164
  Effect of Storage and Exposure to Light on Absorption Spectra of Humic Substances......Page 180
  Nature of Light Absorption by Humic Substances......Page 183
 Optical Properties of Humic Substances of Various Soils......Page 188
 Infra-red Spectra of Humic Substances......Page 192
5. Molecular Parameters of Humic Substances......Page 210
 Minimum Molecular mass from the Data of Chemical Composition......Page 217
 Mean Weighted Molecular Mass of Humic Acids from Light-scattering Data......Page 218
 Molecular Mass Distribution of Particles of Humic Substances from Gel-filtration Data......Page 219
 Electron Microscopic Observations......Page 224
 Viscosimetric Data......Page 226
6. Hypotheses Regarding the Structure and Identification of Humic Substances......Page 228
 Structural Schemes for Humic Substances......Page 229
 Diagnosis and Identification of Humic Substances......Page 240
 Humus Status of Soils......Page 246
 Indices of Humus Status of Soils......Page 247
 Humus Status of Zonal Genetic Series of Soils......Page 250
 Humus in Soils of the Non-chernozem Zone of Russia......Page 252
 Humus of Desert and Semi-desert Soils......Page 259
 Effect of Some Ameliorants on Soil Organic Matter......Page 265
 General Theory of Humification......Page 267
 Hypotheses Regarding Chemical Mechanisms of Humification......Page 268
 Kinetic Theory of Humification......Page 274
 Biogeochemical Principles and the Laws of Humus Formation......Page 283
Literature......Page 292
Recent Publications......Page 328